The atomic structure and the properties of ununbium (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis> = 112) and Mercury (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis> = 80)

A super heavy element Uub (Z = 112) has been studied theoretically in conjunction with rela-tivistic effects and the effects of electron correlations. The atomic structure and the oscillator strengths of low-lying levels have been calculated, and the ground states have also been determined for the singly and doubly charged ions. The influence of relativity and correlation effects to the atomic properties of such a super heavy element has been investigated in detail. The results have been compared with the properties of an element Hg. Two energy levels at wave numbers 64470 and 94392 are suggested to be of good candidates for experimental observations.     

Investigation of the hyperfine structure of Ta I lines (VI)

We have classified about 200 new lines and have discovered 13 energy levels with even parity and 1 level with odd parity by means of the systematic hyperfine structure investigation of a large number of spectral lines of the neutral tantalum atom. For the new levels we deduced their angular momenta, parity and magnetic hyperfine interaction constants A as well as the electric quadrupole interaction constants B. Received 8 August 2001     

Investigation of the hyperfine structure of Ta I lines (V)

We report on further investigations of the hyperfine structure of spectral lines of the neutral tantalum atom. Besides determination of the hyperfine constants A and B of 21 levels we report on the discovery of 9 up to now unknown fine structure levels for which we could determine their energy position, parity, angular momentum and the constants A and B. For a large number of up to now unclassified lines the combinations could be identified. Received 27 June 2000 and Received in final form 23 August 2000     

A Detail Investigation on the Synthesis of Superheavy Element Z = 119

Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters - We have studied the α-decay properties of superheavy nuclei Z = 119 in the range 265 ≤ A ≤ 316. By studying the α-decay properties,...     

Isomer separation and measurement of nuclear moments with the ISOLDE RILIS

Short-lived radioisotopes are element selectively ionized by the resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) of the on-line isotope separator ISOLDE (CERN). The relative production of low and high spin isomers can be significantly changed when a narrow-bandwidth laser is used to scan through the atomic hyperfine structure. This allows the assignment of gamma ray transitions to the decay of the individual isomers. Moreover, the measurement of the hyperfine splitting provides a very sensitive method for the determination of magnetic moments of exotic isotopes. The technical developments are discussed for the example of copper. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

直接鉴别超重元素Z和A的一种新的可能方法

随着合成的超重元素向超重岛逼近,合成截面越来越小,同时,合成的超重元素的寿命可能相对增长, 这对利用α衰变链的传统方法鉴别超重元素是非常不利的。 讨论了可能突破这个瓶颈的一种可以直接鉴别超重元素原子序数Z和质量A的新方法, 即与RFQ离子阱技术相结合的激光多步共振电离方法, 对实现这种方法的途径、 该方法所面临的困难和挑战、需要进行的前期研究工作以及该方法的可能性和可行性进行了较详细的讨论。 With the synthesis of heavy elements approaching the super heavy island, the production cross section becomes smaller and the lifetime of the super heavy element becomes longer, which results in the difficulties for identification of theelements by using conventional alpha decay chain technique. In order to overcome the difficulties, a novel approach to direct identification of atomic number Z and nuclear mass A for super heavy elements is proposed, namely, the multi step resonant laser ionization of singly charged ions in combination with RFQ trap. The routine for the experiment is presented, and the possibilities, feasibilities, as well as the problems to be faced, are discussed in detail.     

First observation of atomic levels for the element fermium (Z=100)

The atomic level structure of the element fermium was investigated for the first time using a sample of 2.7x10(10) atoms of the isotope 255Fm with a half-life of 20.1 h. The atoms were evaporated from a filament and stored in the argon buffer gas of an optical cell. Atomic levels were sought by the method of resonance ionization spectroscopy using an excimer-dye-laser combination. Two atomic levels were found at wave numbers (25 099.8+/-0.2) and (25 111.8+/-0.2) cm(-1). Partial transition rates to the 5f(12)7s(2) (3)H(e)(6) ground state have been determined from their saturation characteristics. Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations suggest that the leading orders of these levels could be the 5f(12)7s7p (5)I(o)(6) and 5f(12)7s7p (5)G(o)(5) terms.     

^143Pm高自旋态研究

通过熔合蒸发反应^129Te(^19F,4nγ）布居了^143Pm的高自旋态,利用在束γ谱学方法,对^143Pm的高自旋态核结构进行了研究,测量了γ射线单谱和γ－γ符合谱,并进行了γ射线各向异性以及DCO比率分析,建立了激发高能达10535．4keV的能级纲图,其中包括新发现的32条γ射线和17个新能级,用弱耦合模型对^143Pm的晕态能级结构进行了解释。     

铥原子激发能级超精细结构常数的测定

用铥空心阴极灯,采用光电流光谱技术测得铥原子21条一级跃迁谱线,确定了相应跃迁上能级的超精细结构常数,其中7个能级的参数为首次发表,运用同一空心阴极灯,采用双色双光子级联共振技术,由荧光法首次测得4个第二激发能级的超精细结构常数.     

通过48Ca+249Bk 合成Z=117的可能性研究

利用两步模型对可能合成 Z=117 的核反应48Ca+249Bk 进行了研究。模型将熔合过程分为弹靶接触前的粘连过程和从弹靶接触到形成复合核的形成过程。结合统计蒸发模型,计算了297117 蒸发数个中子的剩余截面。结果表明,在激发能 E* = 31 MeV且复合核蒸发3中子时的剩余截面最大为 0.34 pb ,已经可以用实验方法进行探测。     

Novel Experimental Method in the Study of Double Rydberg States by Laser Resonance Excitation

1.IntroductionSequentia1multisteplaserexcitationhasbeenextensivelyusedtostudydoublyexcit-edstatesofa1ka1ine-earthatoms.Mostoftheinvestig8tionsconcernedthedoublyexcitedstatesinwhichoneofthetwovalenceelectronsishighlyexcitedandtheotherisweaklyexcited[1].Inthecasewhenbothvalenceelectronarehighlyexcited(doubleRydbergstates),onlyafewresultswereobtainedduetothelimitutioninexPerimentaltech-nique['j.ThelimitationarosefromvariousaSpectS.First,duringthesequentiallaserex-citationofdoubleRydbergstatesw…     

^139LaⅠ超精细结构光谱测量

本文用激光光电流光谱方法研究了~(139)LaI五个奇宇称能级的超精细结构,其中三个是首次报道.采用最小二乘拟合,得到了这些能级的磁偶极超精细结构常数A.     

Investigation of the Magnetic Hyperfine Field at 140Ce on Gd Sites in GdCo2 Compound

Perturbed angular correlation experiments on ¹⁴⁰La–¹⁴⁰Ce probes substituting for the Gd positions on GdCo2 demonstrate that the magnetic hyperfine field (MHF) on Ce atoms follows an expected Brillouin function but with a substantially reduced saturation value as compared with the MHF acting on free Ce⁺³ ions. The results were interpreted with the aid of first principles electronic structure calculations showing that the reduced value of the MHF is a consequence of a small orbital contribution to the MHF which was attributed to the de-localization of the Ce 4f electronic state.     

Nuclear moments of neutron deficient iridium isotopes from laser spectroscopy

Laser spectroscopy measurements have been performed on neutron deficient iridium isotopes. The hyperfine structure and isotope shift of the optical Ir I transition 5d⁷6s^{2 4}F_9/2 → 5d⁷6s6p ⁶F_11/2 at 351.5 nm have been studied for the ^182–189Ir, and ^191,193Ir isotopes. The nuclear magnetic and quadrupole moments were obtained from the HFS measurements and the changes of the mean square charge radii from the IS measurements. A large mean square charge radius change between ¹⁸⁷Ir and ¹⁸⁶Ir and between and has been observed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

An electron spectroscopic determination of theL I energy in the elements Sodium (Z=11) to Copper (Z=29)

Energies of atomic electrons in theK andL shells of eighteen elements of low atomic numbers have been measured by electron spectroscopy. Tabulated values for theL _I energies are shown to be in need of considerable revision. AluminumKα radiation is shown to have high potentialities for ESCA studies.     

铯原子高激发态Stark能级的数值计算和实验观察

利用数值方法计算了铯原子的Stark结构,经过对氢原子的数值计算与解析结果的对比,确认我们的计算程序是精确的.实验工作在超冷铯原子中完成,利用共振增强多光子电离光谱方法测量了铯原子n=16附近的Stark光谱,理论计算和实验结果相一致.     

Mg isotopes and the disappearance of magic N=20

Collinear laser spectroscopy and β-NMR spectroscopy with optical pumping were applied at ISOLDE/CERN to measure for the first time the magnetic moments of neutron-rich ²⁷Mg, ²⁹Mg, ³¹Mg and ³³Mg, along with the spins of the two latter. The magnetic moment of ²⁷Mg was derived from its hyperfine structure detected in UV fluorescent light, whereas the nuclear magnetic resonance observed in β-decay asymmetry from a polarised ensemble of nuclei gave the magnetic moment of ²⁹Mg. For ³¹Mg and ³³Mg, the hyperfine structure and nuclear magnetic resonance gave the spin and the magnetic moment. The preliminary results for ²⁷Mg and ²⁹Mg are consistent with a large neutron shell gap at N=20, whereas data on ³¹Mg show that for this nucleus N=20 is not a magic number, which is also the case for ³³Mg, based on preliminary analysis. Thus, the two latter isotopes belong to the “island of inversion.” Magdalena Kowalska for the IS 427 collaboration at ISOLDE/CERN.     

Study of the neutron deficient 182–190Pb isotopes by simultaneous atomic- and nuclear-spectroscopy

Mean-square charge radii and magnetic moments have been measured for the neutron deficient lead isotopes, ^182–190Pb. The measurement was performed at the ISOLDE online mass separator, using the in-source resonance ionization spectroscopy technique. The wavelength of the first excitation step for the resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) was scanned over the resonance(s) whilst the α- and γ-ray spectra from the decay of the Pb isotopes were recorded as a function of the wavelength. The isotope shift and, in the case of odd-A isotopes, the hyperfine splitting were deduced. The rms-charge radii of the very neutron deficient Pb isotopes follow the smooth trend of the heavier isotopes. This finding indicates a spherical shape for the lead ground states at the neutron mid-shell (N = 104), where the excitation energy of the oblate 0⁺ state in the even isotopes reaches its minimum.     

Influence of the Composition of Two-Isotope Elements on the Magnitude of the Absorption of Resonance Lines of Different Hyperfine Structure

A general method to calculate the dependence of absorption (A) of the resonance lines of two-isotope elements on the isotopic composition (b) of their atoms in an absorbing layer is considered. The contours of the components of the hyperfine structure (hfs) of the lines were assumed to be Doppler. The method is applied to investigate the relation A = f(b) for the resonance lines of Ga, Cu, In, and K.     

磁超精细相互作用引起的原子能级分裂及能级图

超精细相互作用是“原子物理学”课程中的重要内容之一.目前在国内外的教材中,著者只给出了有无外磁场时原子核磁偶极超精细相互作用引起的原子能级分裂的表达式和列举了一些原子能级分裂的研究实例.本文详细导出和讨论了无外磁场和有强弱磁场时磁超精细相互作用引起的原子能级分裂的公式,并举例说明如何判断和在能级图上标注这些能级的高低顺...