Determination of acetaminophen by square wave voltammetry at a gold electrode modified by 4-amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine self-assembled monolayers

A 4-Amino-2-mercaptopyrimidine self-assembled monolayer (AMP SAMs/Au) modified gold electrode was prepared. The electrochemical behavior of acetaminophen on the AMP SAMs/Au was studied in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer solution. Compared to a bare gold electrode, the modified electrode exhibits a significant enhancement in the oxidation current response for acetaminophen. The modified electrode was used for the determination of acetaminophen by square wave voltammetry. The oxidation current increased linearly with the concentration of acetaminophen in the range of 2.0 × 10⁻⁶−4.0 × 10⁻³ M. The modified electrode made it possible to eliminate the interference of dopamine (DA), brucine, epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NE). The practical analytical utility was illustrated by the determination of acetaminophen in a commercially available drug. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Electroanalytical performance of self-assembled monolayer gold electrode for chloramphenicol determination

Monolayers of 2-mercapto-5-methylbenzimidazole (MMB) were prepared on a polycrystalline gold electrode via a self-assembly process to produce a self-assembled monolayer. The resulting electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and applied to the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in a pharmaceutical formulation using flow injection analysis along with amperometric detection. The amperometric cell was operated at ?0.75 V (vs Ag/AgCl) at a flow rate of 3 mL min^?1. The method was applied to the determination of CAP in ophthalmic solutions, and its performance was compared to a previously validated HPLC method. The response to CAP is linear in the range from 0.050 to 1.000 µmol L^?1 (r?=?0.9990), and the limit of detection is 44 µmol L^?1.     

2-巯基苯并噻唑自组装膜电极同时测定米吐尔和对苯二酚

在环境污染物中酚类物质由于其难降解和有毒性而引起人们普遍的关注。测定米吐尔和对苯二酚的常用方法有光度法、铈量法和电化学法。但在电化学法测定中较低倍含量的米吐尔会对对苯二酚的测定带来影响,所以同时准确测定较难。本文利用2-巯基苯并噻唑自组装电极对米吐尔和对苯二酚进行同时测定。应用于显影废水测定结果满意,方法简便快速,有实际应用前景。     

Sensitive determination of iron(III) by gold electrode modified with 2-mercaptosuccinic acid self-assembled monolayer

Preparation and application of gold 2-mercaptosuccinic acid self-assembled monolayer (Au-MSA SAM) electrode for determination of iron(III) in the presence of iron(II) is described by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Osteryoung square wave voltammetry. The square wave voltammograms showed a sharp peak around positive potentials +0.250 V that was used for construction of the calibration curve. Parameters influencing the method were optimized. A linear range calibration curve from 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 6.0 × 10⁻⁹ M iron(III) with a detection limit of 3.0 × 10⁻¹¹ M and relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of 6.5% for n = 8 at 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ M iron(III) was observed in the best conditions. Possible interferences from the coexisting ions were also investigated. The results demonstrated that sensor could be used for determination of iron(III) in the presence of various ions. The validity of the method and applicability of the sensor were successfully tested by determining of iron(III) in natural waters (tap and mineral waters) and in a pharmaceutical sample (Venofer^® ampoule) without interference from sample matrix. The experimental data are presented and discussed from which the new sensor is characterized.     

Direct application strategy to immobilise a thioctic acid self-assembled monolayer on a gold electrode

Immobilisation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) onto an electrode surface is often achieved by immersing it in a solution for over 24 h. A biological or biologically derived recognition component can then be linked to the SAM in fabricating a biosensor. This time consuming immobilisation step can be a drawback in biosensor development, especially when repeated preparations of the biosensor are required. In this work, an alternative immobilisation strategy involving the direct application of a known quantity of the ethanolic solution of the alkanethiol, thioctic acid, on a gold electrode surface was studied. The solution was left to dry at room temperature for approximately 20 min. Comparable results including the relative percentage decrease in double layer capacitance, the surface coverage and the percentage of binding to the bacterial protein, Protein A, were obtained relative to those obtained with SAM formed by the immersion method. Shewhart’s statistical analysis technique was applied to examine the stability in terms of the relative percentage decrease in double layer capacitance. In these tests, within 99.7% confidence control limits, only a 1% deterioration was observed over a 3-month period. Therefore, all these results have demonstrated that the direct application method yields a stable thioctic acid SAM on a gold electrode surface with characteristics similar to those obtained with an immersion method. However, formation of a SAM using direct application can be achieved within a significantly shorter period of time compared to immersion method.     

L-半胱氨酸自组装电极循环伏安法测定多巴胺

建立了痕量多巴胺(DA)电化学分析方法.在pH 7.6的0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 0.1 mol/L KCl底液中,L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)自组装金电极对多巴胺有明显的电催化氧化作用,考察了该电极作为DA传感器的实验条件.结果表明:DA在L-Cys/Au电极上的氧化峰电流与多巴胺的浓度在一定范围内成线性关系,线性范围为6.7×10-5～4.6×10-3 mol/L,检出限为8.4×10-6 mol/L,平行测定8次,相对标准偏差为3.2%,用于盐酸多巴胺注射液中DA的测定,回收率为94%～96%.     

Application of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole self-assembled monolayer on polycrystalline gold electrode as a nanosensor for determination of Ag(I)

Fabrication and application of a voltammetric sensor based on gold 2-mercaptobenzothiazole self-assembled monolayer (Au-MBT SAM) for determination of silver ion is described. Preliminary experiments were performed to characterize the monolayer. The surface pK_a determined for the MBT monolayer is 7.0. This value was obtained by impedimetric titration of the monolayer in the presence of Fe(CN)₆^3−/4− as a redox probe. The extent of surface coverage was evaluated as 1.52 × 10⁻⁹ mol cm⁻² based on charged consumed for reductive desorption of the monolayer in the 0.50 M NaOH solution. Then the sensor was used for determination of Ag(I) by square wave voltammetry. The parameters affecting the sensor response, such as pH and supporting electrolyte, were optimized. A dynamic calibration curve with two linear parts was obtained in the concentration ranges of 5 × 10⁻⁸-8 × 10⁻⁷ and 1 × 10⁻⁶-1 × 10⁻⁵ M of Ag(I). The detection limit adopted from cathodic striping square wave voltammetry was as 1 × 10⁻⁸ M for n = 7. Furthermore, the effect of potential interfering ions on the determination of Ag(I) was studied, and an appropriate method was used for the elimination of this effect.     

Electrochemical behaviour and determination of rimsulfuron herbicide by square wave voltammetry

The voltammeric behaviour of rimsulfuron herbicide has been studied by square wave stripping voltammetry on static hanging mercury drop electrode. It exhibited a well-defined peak within the pH range of 1.0–6.0, having a maximum peak response at ?600 mV (vs.Ag/AgCl) at pH 3.0. The factors such as accumulation potential (E_acc), accumulation time (t_acc), frequency (f), pulse amplitude (ΔE) and step potential (ΔE_s) have been optimised. The calibration plot was a straight line in the range of 4.4–134.4 μg L^?1 with a detection limit of 1.3 μg L^?1. The validity of the method was assessed from the recoveries of spiked lake water, tomato juice and agrochemical formulation of Doncep^®. The results of the experiments conducted for five recoveries were 48.8 ± 1.7 and 49.7 ± 1.0 μg L^?1, which are very close to the rimsulfuron spiked to lake water and tomato juice (50 μg L^?1), with a relative error of –2.4% and ?0.6%, respectively. The electrode reaction mechanism was also postulated.     

硫辛酸在金电极上自组装成膜动力学研究

自组装单层膜 (ＳＡＭ)应用广泛[1～ 3] 。但对于硫辛酸 (ＴＡ)自组装成膜动力学过程的研究尚未见报道。本研究利用石英晶体微天平 (ＱＣＭ)对ＴＡ自组装成膜过程进行在线监测 ,研究成膜动力学特征 ,并探讨浓度、温度对成膜过程的影响 ,以及在不同ｐＨ值下 ,ＳＡＭ的稳定性 ,推算了不同温度下的速率常数及成膜的活化能。1　实验部分1 1　基本原理通过监测成膜过程中石英晶体微天平 (ＱＣＭ)的振荡频率的变化 ,据Ｓａｕｅｒｂｒｅｙ方程 ,可推知在石英谐振器 (ＱＣＭ)的金电极表面 ,ＴＡ的吸附质量Γ(Γ =Δｍ Ａ ,ｇ ｃｍ2 )与ＱＣＭ的频率…     

细胞色素c在微带金电极上的直接电化学

报道了一种新的促进剂4,6-二甲基-2-巯基嘧啶(DMMP)对细胞色素c(Cyt.c) 电化反应的促进作用,用红外光谱和光电子能对DMMP 在金电极表面形成的单分子膜进行了表征.循环伏安实验表明Cyt.c在DMMP修饰微电极上能发生准可逆的电化学反应,异相电子传递速率常数K~5为6.6×10^-^3cm/s,对DMMP修饰膜的稳定性进行了考察;讨论了Cyt.c发生电化学反应的异相电子传递速率常数K~5受电极, 表面促进剂的修饰量以及空气中氧影响的机理.     

Potential-dependent chemiluminescence of luminol on the gold electrode modified with ferrocenylalkanethiol self-assembled monolayer

Self-assembled monolayer of ferrocenylundecanethiol (FcC11SH) on gold electrode was used for the potential-dependent catalyst for chemiluminescence of luminol. Ferrocene head groups adsorbed on gold were oxidized to ferricinium cation species electrochemically and catalyzed the chemiluminescence of luminol. As the redox state of ferrocene group can be regulated by electrode potential, chemiluminescence response can also be controlled electrochemically. The presented system was adopted for detection of glucose in the presence of glucose oxidase since the light emission was detected even in the neutral and weak acid solution.     

The determination of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions by square wave voltammetry

Hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions can be determined directly by square wave voltammetry. The method is applicable to samples with a large range of pH in matrices ranging from distilled de-ionized water to sea-water. Its dynamic range extends from 0.5 to at least 1000 microM and the precision is about +/-6% at 2.5 microM and +/-2% at 215 microM. In comparison to DC and differential pulse polarography, by using square wave voltammetry the scan time is reduced from minutes to a fraction of a second, the sensitivity is increased by several-fold and the dynamic range has been greatly expanded at both the lower and the upper end by at least an order of magnitude. The low detection limit allows this method to be applied to the determination of H(2)O(2) in some samples of rainwater.     

Study on self-assembled monolayer of functionalized thiol on gold electrode forming capacitive sensor for chromium(VI) determination

A capacitive sensor based on S-{12-[1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]dodecyl} ethanethioate (FT), a compound with a functional group exhibiting selective affinity towards Cr(VI) ions, was developed. FT was mixed with shorter-chain thiol-decanethiol (DT), to obtain an Au electrode surface well covered by a thiol monolayer. The composition and high quality of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were crucial factors influencing the performance of the capacitive sensor. In this work, SAMs formed from FT and DT mixtures with different compositions were studied. For physicochemical characterization of SAMs X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurements as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to estimate an electrode surface coverage. Based on the obtained results, the composition of thiol layer providing the best parameters for capacitive sensing of chromium(VI) was chosen. Moreover, the analytical performance of sensor was verified.

     

Indirect measurement of brucine by adsorptive stripping voltammetry at mercury electrode

After reaction with nitric acid, brucine can be transformed into cacotheline, and then measured indirectly by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. This method is based on the adsorptive accumulation of cacotheline at a hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by cathodic linear sweep voltammetry. The cathodic peak potential is about -0.35 V (vs. saturated Ag AgCl ). The detection limit of 2.0 x 10(-9) M is obtained under optimized conditions. The electrochemical behaviour of cacotheline and the mechanism of the electrode reactions are discussed.     

多巴胺在DTNB自组装膜上的电催化研究

在金电极表面制备了DTNB(5,5′ Di thiobis(2 nitrobenzoicacid))自组装单分子层膜(DTNB/AuSAM)。多巴胺在DTNB自组装膜上有一对可逆性良好的氧化还原峰,其氧化峰电流与多巴胺的浓度在5.0×10-6mol/L～1.0×10-4mol/L的范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-6mol/L。在pH3.5的缓冲溶液中,在DTNB自组装膜上多巴胺和抗坏血酸的电化学响应可以明显区分,氧化峰电位分离达276mV。可用于抗坏血酸存在下多巴胺的检测。测定了盐酸多巴胺注射液中多巴胺的含量,其平均回收率为104%。     

Modification of gold electrode by self-assembled 2-mercapto benzothiazole for the determination of Hg2+

An electrochemical method was developed for the determination of mercury using polycrystalline gold electrode modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBTH). Morphological and electrochemical characterisation of the self-assembled structure of MBTH was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The monolayer of MBTH has shown high affinity for Hg²⁺. The limit of detection for the determination of Hg²⁺ using the MBTH SAMs modified gold electrode was obtained as 0.421 μg L^?1. The pre-concentration of Hg²⁺ at open circuit potential is beneficial for the onsite monitoring of mercury concentration in water samples.     

Electroanalysis of dopamine at a gold electrode modified with N-acetylcysteine self-assembled monolayer

Voltammetric behavior of dopamine (DA) on a gold electrode modified with the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of N-acetylcysteine has been investigated, and one pair of well-defined redox peaks of dopamine is obtained at the SAM modified gold electrode. The oxidation peak current increases linearly with the concentration of dopamine in the range of  mol l⁻¹. The detection limit is 8.0×10⁻⁷ mol l⁻¹. This method will be applicable to the determination of dopamine in injection of dopamine hydrochloride, and the good recovery of dopamine is obtained. Furthermore, The SAM modified gold electrode can resolve well the voltammetric responses of dopamine and ascorbic acid (AA), so it can also be applied to the determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid.     

Study and determination of the pesticide Imidacloprid by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry

The kinetics of the reaction between double stranded DNA (dsDNA) and formamide is monitored at the single DNA molecule level. We find that stretching of the DNA leads to an accelerated reaction rate and to a shift in the final equilibrium concentrations. The larger the stretching force, the faster the reaction and the larger the denatured fraction of the product DNA. The single molecule kinetics is obtained from the change in the contour length of the DNA which, in turn, is measured using optical tweezers on a microbead-single DNA molecule-cover slip construct.