Determination of displacement with a piezoelectric transducer using phase-shift algorithms

This investigation accurately measures the relationship between applied voltage and the displacement of a piezoelectric transducer device both by analyzing phase shifting interferometry algorithms and using a Twyman-Green interferometer. Simulations are performed to calculate unknown phase shifts, especially around π/2 and 3π/2. It is indicated that the Hariharan algorithm is indeed an effective phase shifting interferometry algorithm.     

干涉成像系统传递函数的数值分析

干涉仪系统传递函数能有效地表征系统相位成像的性能。通过假设干涉成像系统是复振幅的线性平移不变系统,模拟计算正弦相位光栅和相位台阶这两类标准相位物体的成像,确定干涉仪系统传递函数。数值分析结果表明:系统传递函数随着波像差的增加而减小;干涉成像系统对小幅度相位（远小于1 rad）成像是近似线性的,而对大幅度相位(大于0.5 rad）成像则是明显非线性的。当正弦相位的幅度为1时,系统传递函数在1/2和1/3截止频率处出现明显的急剧下降。高度为/2的相位台阶成像时,系统传递函数随着空间频率的增加而缓慢地降低。 The performance of phase imaging in interferometric imaging system is well characterized by the system transfer function (STF). The STF of the interferometric imaging system is analyzed numerically by assuming that the system is linear and shift-invariant for the complex field. Two standard phase objects, sinusoidal phase grating and phase step, are employed and simulated to determine the STF. Numerical simulation results show that the STF decreases as the wavefront aberration of interferometric imaging system increases. It also shows that the interferometric imaging system is approximately linear for small phase (far less than 1 rad) but explicitly nonlinear for large phase (larger than 0.5 rad). The STF has a visible drop at one half or one third of the cut-off frequency of the imaging system when the amplitude of sinusoidal phase is 1 rad. For a phase step with a height of /2 rad, the STF has no visible drop but decreases slowly with the increasing of spatial frequency. The results provide a useful guidance to the design of interferometer and the measurement of STF and power spectrum density in experiment.     

Charge-symmetry-breaking effects from phase-shift analysis of elastic π± He scattering

A phase-shift analysis of elastic π^±4 He scattering at energies 20–160 MeV was performed to determine pure hadronic phase shifts. No statistically significant difference between the hadronic phase shifts deduced from π⁺⁴ He and π⁻⁴ He scattering was observed.     

Performance of equal phase-shift search for one iteration

Grover presented the phase-shift search by replacing the selective inversions by selective phase shifts of π/3. In this paper, we investigate the phase-shift search with general equal phase shifts. We show that for small uncertainties, the failure probability of the phase-π/3 search is smaller than the general phase-shift search and for large uncertainties, the success probability of the large phase-shift search is larger than the phase-π/3 search. Therefore, the large phase-shift search is suitable for large-size of databases.     

Truncation of continuum ambiguities in phase-shift analysis

The continuum ambiguity in the determination of phase shifts from scattering data consists of a family of amplitudes which have in general an infinite number of partial waves. In practical computations, however, the partial wave series is necessarily truncated. We discuss the relation of the resulting (truncated) amplitudes to those representing the true continuum ambiguity. In particular, we show that each of the latter is approximated increasingly well, as the cut-off tends to infinity, uniformly inside an ellipse in the cos plane.     

Dispersion compensation for atom interferometry

A new technique for maintaining high contrast in an atom interferometer is used to measure large de Broglie wave phase shifts. Dependence of an interaction induced phase on the atoms' velocity is compensated by applying an engineered counterphase. The counterphase is equivalent to a rotation, is precisely determined by a frequency, and can be used to measure phase shifts due to interactions of unknown strength. Phase shifts of 150 rad (5 times larger than previously possible) have now been measured in an atom beam interferometer, and we suggest that this technique can enable comparisons of atomic polarizability with precision of one part in 10,000.     

Quantitative phase retrieval in dynamic laser speckle interferometry

The rapid progress of modern manufacturing and inspection technologies has posed stringent requirements on optical techniques for vibration characterization and dynamic testing. Due to its simplicity, accuracy and whole-field characters, laser speckle interferometry has served as one of the major techniques for dynamic measurement. In this paper, a two-step phase shifting method is developed for quantitative speckle phase measurement, which helps to eliminate the specklegrams needed for phase evaluation and facilitate dynamic measurement. Unlike previously reported two-step methods using fringe patterns with known phase shift of π/2, a small unknown phase shift is employed instead in the proposed method, which eliminates the need for phase shifting devices. Further investigation shows that small phase shifts are preferable over large phase shifts in this method. Shearographic experiments conducted have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed technique.     

π-Λ耦合常数和π-Λ低能P3/2波散射

本文将改进的Chew-Low展开应用到π-A的P_3/2分波散射,以从共振参量(能级和宽度)来确定π∧∑的耦合常数和P_3/2相移随能量的变化。当共振宽度采用目前比较公认的值50MeV时,给出的π-A耦合常数为g²=34或f²=0.12.文中亦给出了其他可能的宽度值所相应的结果。所得到的P_3/2相移曲线虽无实验可以比较,但估计在质心系总能量W≈1450MeV以下,应该是可靠的。     

基于最小二乘迭代的多表面干涉条纹分析

为了准确地测量透射平行平板,提出了基于最小二乘迭代的多表面干涉条纹分析方法.依据波长调谐相移的原理,通过最小二乘迭代准确地求得每组双表面干涉条纹的实际相移值.从而准确地提取平板前后表面面形及厚度变化等信息.模拟计算结果表明.当相移值有微小偏差(小于0.2 rad)时,通过10次迭代后求得相位的峰值(PV)误差为0.005 rad,均方根(RMS)误差为0.002 rad,而相应Okada算法的PV误差为0.512 tad.RMS误差为0.103 rad.实验结果验证了该箅法的有效性.     

Phase determination in holographic Moiré in presence of nonsinusoidal waveforms and random noise

This paper proposes a subspace parameter estimation method which besides allowing for accommodating multiple PZTs in an optical interferometer permits for extracting in real time values of phase shifts between data frames at each pixel point. The technique enables to freely choose values of phase shifts between 0 and π. A generalized phase measurement algorithm allows for computing multiple phase information present in the interferometer. The method facilitates the use of spherical beams, addresses errors arising from the miscalibration of the phase shifting devices, and is capable of handling nonsinusoidal waveforms in an effective manner. Numerical simulations demonstrate that phase distributions can be measured with high accuracy even in the presence of noise.     

Investigations on Left Hand Cut Contribution to Determination of κ（700） Pole

The uncertainties of background contributions to J = 0 partial wave πK scattering phase shifts are carefully studied. We firstly point out that the circular cuts exhibit different characters in S1/1 and S3/2 waves. While the former contributes negatively to the scattering length parameter, the latter contributes positively, i.e., has a wrong sign. This fact indicates that short range force contribu tions to the phase shift are non-negligible in the exotic channel. Nevertheless, it is verified that the κ pole will be affected only slightly with respect to the theoretical uncertainty in estimating the left hand cut contributions.     

Hot images from phase defects in high-power broadband laser beams

We investigate the formation of hot image from the phase defect in broadband laser beam. It is found that the hot image intensity in the broadband beam case is lower than that in the narrowband beam case under the same input peak intensity, indicating that the formation of hot image can be suppressed by a small amount of bandwidth. The physical origins for such a suppression effect are explained. In addition, an interesting phenomenon found is that the phase defects causing phase shifts around π rad become less dangerous than those around ±π/2 rad when the peak power of the incident broadband laser beam reaches a certain level. Numerical simulations are performed to confirm the theoretical analyses.     

On the elastic and inelastic S,P and D phase-shift analysis

An analytical method to find S, P and D phase shifts with and without absorption effects is presented. The method was tested in the π?N scattering case using experimental data at energies of 523 and 310 MeV. In the inelastic case it was found that there are three sets of $\text{T =}\text{3}\text{2}$ solutions consistent with the input data.     

Giant Faraday and Kerr rotation with strained graphene

Polarized electromagnetic waves passing through (reflected from) a dielectric medium parallel to a magnetic field undergo Faraday (Kerr) rotation of their polarization. Recently, Faraday rotation angles as much as 0.1?rad were observed for terahertz waves propagating through graphene over a SiC substrate. We show that the same effect is observable with the magnetic field replaced by an in-plane strain field which induces a pseudomagnetic field in graphene. With two such sheets a rotation of π/4 can be achieved, which is the required rotation for an optical diode. Similarly a Kerr rotation of 1/4 rad is predicted from a single reflection from a strained graphene sheet.     

Transverse and vortex domain wall structure in magnetic nanowires with uniaxial in-plane anisotropy

Micromagnetic and analytical models are used to investigate how in-plane uniaxial anisotropy affects transverse and vortex domain walls in nanowires where shape anisotropy dominates. The effect of the uniaxial anisotropy can be interpreted as a modification of the effective wire dimensions. When the anisotropy axis is aligned with the wire axis (θ(a) = 0), the wall width is narrower than when no anisotropy is present. Conversely, the wall width increases when the anisotropy axis is perpendicular to the wire axis (θ(a) = π/2). The anisotropy also affects the nanowire dimensions at which transverse walls become unstable. This phase boundary shifts to larger widths or thicknesses when θ(a) = 0, but smaller widths or thicknesses when θ(a) = π/2.     

基于光学涡旋相移技术的离面位移测量

设计了基于光学涡旋相移技术的离面位移测量实验方案,实现了电子散斑干涉中相移的数字控制.该方法利用输入液晶空间光调制器中的叉形光栅产生涡旋光束,通过涡旋光束绕轴的旋转产生相移;同时,产生的涡旋光束又作为参考光与物光干涉.实验中,在物体发生离面位移前后依次输入四幅叉形光栅,产生相移步长为π/2的涡旋光束,利用CCD获得涡旋光与物光的干涉光场,从而获得离面位移场的包裹相位;再通过解包裹,获得物体离面变形的相位变化.光学涡旋相移法可应用于离面位移测量.     

Zernike apodized photon sieves for high-resolution phase-contrast x-ray microscopy

We present a type of diffractive lens, Zernike apodized photon sieves (ZAPS), used as the objective for high spatial resolution and high phase-contrast imaging of weakly absorbing materials in x rays. The structure of ZAPS is based on the combination of two concepts: apodized photon sieves and Zernike phase contrast. The ZAPS is a single optic that integrates the appropriate ±π/2 rad phase shift through selective zone placement shifts in an apodized photon sieve. Analysis of the focusing properties of the apodized photon sieve in terms of point-spread function show that the sidelobes have been significantly suppressed at the expense of slightly widening the width of the main lobe. In combination with synchrotron light sources, ZAPS offers new opportunities for high-resolution phase-contrast x-ray microscopy in the physical and life sciences.     

Separation of S-wave pseudoscalar and pseudovector amplitudes in π−P↑ → π+π−n reaction on polarized target

A new analysis of S-wave production amplitudes for the reaction π^?p↑ → π⁺π^?n on a transversely polarized target is performed. It is based on the results obtained by the CERN-Cracow-Munich collaboration in the ππ energy range from 600 MeV to 1600 MeV at 17.2 GeV/c π^? momentum. Energy-independent separation of the S-wave pseudoscalar amplitude (π exchange) from the pseudovector amplitude (a ₁ exchange) is carried out using assumptions much weaker than those in all previous analyses. We show that, especially around 1000 MeV and around 1500 MeV, the a₁ exchange amplitude cannot be neglected. The scalarisoscalar ππ phase shifts are calculated using fairly weak assumptions. Below the KK? threshold we find two solutions for the π — π phase shifts, for which the phases increase slower with the effective π — π mass than the P-wave phases. Both solutions are consistent with a broad f ₀(500) but only one is similar to the well-known “down” solution. We find also the third solution (with a somewhat puzzling behavior of inelasticity) which exhibits a narrow f ₀(750) claimed by Svec. All the solutions undergo a rapid change at the KK? threshold. Above 1420 MeV the phase shifts increase with energy faster than those obtained without the polarized-target data. This phase behavior as well as an increase of the modulus of the a₁-exchange amplitude can be due to the presence of the f ₀(1500).     

Fixed-point quantum search for different phase shifts

Grover recently presented the fixed-point search algorithm. In this Letter, we study the fixed-point search algorithm obtained by replacing equal phase shifts of π/3$\pi /3$ by different phase shifts.