二氧化钛涂覆多壁碳纳米管的制备及可见光催化活性

以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为反应性模板, 金属钛粉为钛源, 采用熔盐法制备碳化钛涂覆的MWCNTs中间体, 然后通过控制氧化制备二氧化钛涂覆的MWCNTs复合光催化剂. 考察了熔盐反应温度、MWCNTs和钛粉的摩尔比及氧化温度等对产物的结构和形貌的影响. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对其进行了系统的表征; 以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应, 考察了催化剂的可见光(λ>420 nm)催化活性. 结果表明: 所制备的催化剂基本保持了原始MWCNTs的纤维状形貌, 二氧化钛涂层在MWCNTs表面分布均匀, 并与MWCNTs之间结合紧密, 形成了Ti－O－C键. MWCNTs增强了污染物亚甲基蓝在催化剂表面的吸附, Ti－O－C键的形成使得在二氧化钛价带附近形成了杂质能级, 提高了对可见光的吸收和利用, 因此所制备的TiO₂/MWCNTs复合光催化剂表现出较高的可见光催化活性.     

Gd掺杂TiO2/活性炭纤维复合材料的制备及表征

以TiCl4和Gd(NO3)3·6H2O为主要原料,采用酸催化水解法制备Gd掺杂TiO2光催化剂并通过浸涂法将其负载在活性炭纤维(ACF)表面,制得Gd掺杂TiO2/ACF复合材料。 以气相苯为模型物,考察材料的光催化活性。 利用XRD、FTIR及GC-MS对催化剂的晶相结构、光谱特征等进行了表征。 结果表明,Gd掺杂能有效抑制TiO2的晶粒生长。 Gd掺杂量、浸涂次数影响TiO2/ACF光催化活性,Gd2O3掺杂质量分数为0.48%、浸涂2次的TiO2/ACF活性最高。 在苯光催化氧化后的Gd掺杂TiO2/ACF复合材料表面未发现醌类中间产物的存在。 Gd的掺入能减缓催化剂失活,光催化反应100 min后仍能表现出较高活性。     

CNT/Fe-Ni/TiO_2/ZnO阵列修饰Ni阳极的制备及光催化制氢性能

采用层层自组装方法在Ni片阳极上构建TiO2/Zn O纳米棒阵列,以二氧化钛前驱体溶胶中掺杂的铁和镍为催化剂,通过气相沉积法在TiO2/Zn O纳米棒阵列间原位生长碳纳米管(CNTs),得到CNT/Fe-Ni/TiO2/Zn O复合光催化剂修饰的光活性Ni片阳极.以碱性电解池为基础,用紫外线辐照修饰的Ni阳极实现光催化和电解水的有机耦合制氢过程.通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对CNT/Fe-Ni/TiO2/Zn O复合膜光催化剂的结构进行了表征,并测试了其光催化辅助电解水制氢(WEAP)活性.结果表明,生长了碳纳米管的光催化复合膜CNT/Fe-Ni/TiO2/Zn O修饰的Ni阳极的产氢速率分别比Fe-Ni/TiO2/Zn O修饰的Ni阳极和纯Ni片提高了93.7%和533.0%.     

Influence of carbon source on the anatase and brookite mixed phase of the C-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity

Choosing resorcinol, phloroglucinol, ethylene glycol and glycerol as carbon sources, respectively, C-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles are prepared via hydrothermal method. Here glucose is first used to determine the optimal C-doping amount and reaction environment. The experimental results reveal that adding small amount of carbon in TiO₂ can change the phase structure of the TiO₂, the self-characteristic of carbon source influences the ratio of anatase to brookite in the mixed phase structures, and the carbon source with no benzene ring can lead to a high content of brookite phase. The mixed crystal phases show lower band gap energy and less photogenerated electronic-hole recombination. Furthermore, a high content of hydroxyls in carbon source and a high ratio of brookite phase in the mixed crystal phases are beneficial to the photocatalytic performance.     

水热法制备掺杂铁离子的TiO2纳米粒子及其光催化反应研究

以TiCl⁴为前驱体,采用水热法制备了掺杂铁离子的TiO₂纳米粒子,利用XRD对不同条件下制备的产物进行了表征,探讨了反应温度、胶体溶液pH值和反应时间对水热反应的影响.考察了所制备的Fe³⁺-TiO₂纳米粒子光催化降解罗丹明B的催化性能,实验发现,制备的掺杂0.1%Fe³⁺-TiO₂纳米粒子与纯TiO₂相比,具有更好的催化活性.     

La2O3掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备和性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La2O3掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂，并通过XRD、TEM、BET和XPS等手段进行了表征．掺入La2O3后，阻止了TiO2从锐钛矿晶型向金红石晶型的转变，使TiO2的粒径减小，比表面积增大．以甲基橙为光催化降解反应模型化合物，考察了光催化剂的活性．测定了甲基橙在纯TiO2和La2O3掺杂TiO2光催化剂上的吸附常数．考察了pH、H2O2对降解性能的影响．讨论了光催化活性与催化剂性质的关系．     

La掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备与表征

用共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了La掺杂TiO2光催化剂(La3 -TiO2),并以罗丹明B为模型反应物,进行了光催化降解实验.结果发现,共沉淀法制备的La3 -TiO2具有较高的光催化活性,当掺La量为1.0%、于800℃煅烧2 h时获得的催化剂活性最佳.用X射线衍射、N2吸附、扫描电镜和电子探针等手段测定了两种方法制备的典型样品的结构和粒度分布.两种方法制备的催化剂都是含有锐钛矿和金红石型TiO2的混合晶体,但共沉淀法制备的催化剂具有较高的锐钛矿含量、较大的晶粒和大孔/介孔的多级孔结构,这是其具有较高光催化活性的主要原因.     

Preparation of N-doped and oxygen-deficient TiO2 microspheres via a novel electron beam-assisted method

Nitrogen-doped and oxygen-deficient TiO₂ microspheres (NT) with large specific surface were prepared by a solvothermal method and following with electron beam (EB) irradiation under various doses (140–500 kGy). XPS results show that under the EB irradiation, nitrogen ions have been doped into the TiO₂ lattice successfully, as well as part of Ti⁴⁺ on the surface of the samples changed to Ti³⁺. Photocatalytic performance was tested by decomposing Rhodamine B in the aqueous phase under visible light irradiation. The prepared materials under the EB irradiation at dose of 140 kGy (NT-140) exhibit the best visible light photocatalytic activity. It is attributed to the large specific surface (138.4 m²/g) and a synergistic effect between substitutional nitrogen dopants and oxygen defects in NT-140. The results obtained may provide a new sight for the application of EB-assisted preparation of nanomaterials.     

聚苯胺改性氮掺杂碳纳米管制备及其超级电容器性能

利用苯胺原位化学聚合合成聚苯胺包覆碳纳米管(CNTs), 再炭化处理制备氮掺杂碳纳米管(NCNTs).激光拉曼(Raman)光谱和X射线光电子谱(XPS)分析及透射电镜(TEM)观察表明, 苯胺包覆碳纳米管经炭化处理后, 得到以碳纳米管为核、氮掺杂碳层为壳, 具有核-壳结构的氮掺杂碳纳米管, 而碳纳米管本征结构未遭破坏. 研究表明, 随着苯胺用量的增大, 氮掺杂碳纳米管的氮掺杂碳层变厚, 氮含量从7.06%(质量分数)增加到8.64%, 而作为超级电容器电极材料, 随着氮掺杂碳层厚度降低, 氮掺杂碳纳米管在6 mol·L^-1氢氧化钾电解液中的比容量从107 F·g^-1增大到205 F·g^-1, 远高于原始碳纳米管10 F·g^-1的比容量, 且聚苯胺改性氮掺杂碳纳米管表现出较好的充放电循环性, 经1000次充放电循环后仍保持初始容量的92.8%~97.1%, 表明氮掺杂碳纳米管不仅通过表面氮杂原子引入大的法拉第电容和改善亲水性使电容量显著增大, 其具有的核壳结构特征也使循环稳定性增强。     

Relation between Morphology and Photoelectrochemical Performance of TiO2 Nanotubes Arrays Grown in Ethylene Glycol/Water

The TiO₂ nanotube films were prepared by anodizing Ti plates in 0.2 M NH₄F ethylene glycol/10% H₂O under different formation voltages keeping fixed the time length, or by keeping fixed the formation voltage and varying the time length. The morphology of the TiO₂ film obtained was observed by SEM images and different morphological parameters were derived from them. Furthermore, the optical and semiconducting properties of TiO₂ films were also measured. The photoelectrochemical performance toward water oxidation of the TiO₂ only showed to be dependent with the inner diameter of the nanotubes, that could be related to the interaction of the film with the light and the transport of species in the electrolyte inward or outward the film.     

比表面积和吸附强度对TiO2/活性炭复合体光催化降解酸性红27 活性和动力学的影响

通过超临界预处理和溶胶-凝胶过程, 制备TiO₂/活性炭复合体(TCS), 利用X射线衍射, X光电子能谱和氮气吸附-解吸分析对其结构特征进行表征, 以酸性红27的光催化降解评价复合体的光催化活性. 结果表明: TCS光催化活性比纯TiO₂大, 归功于TiO₂小晶粒尺寸, 对酸性红27和羟基自由基高的吸附量. TCS复合体对酸性红27的降解效率随其比表面积的增大先升高后降低. 通过改进的Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型对酸性红27在不同的复合体上光催化降解动力学行为进行描述, 表明TCS光催化活性的差异主要是由比表面积和吸附强度相互制约所引起. TCS3由于具有适当的比表面积和恰当的吸附强度而具有最高的光催化活性.     

Electrodeposition of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing

In this work, an amperometric H₂O₂ sensor based on TiO₂/MWCNTs electrode is reported. TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized on vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays by electrodeposition. The morphology of the TiO₂/MWCNTs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical performance of the TiO₂/MWCNTs electrode for detection of H₂O₂ was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry. The TiO₂/MWCNTs electrode displays high electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of H₂O₂ in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4). At an applied potential of +0.40 V, the TiO₂/MWCNTs electrode exhibits a linear dependence (R=0.998) in the H₂O₂ concentration up to 15.0×10^?3 M with a sensitivity of 13.4 μA mM^?1 and detection limit of 4.0×10^?7 M with signal/noise=3. The optimal response time is less than 5 s with addition of 1 mM H₂O₂. The TiO₂/MWCNTs electrode presents stable, high sensitivity and also exhibits fast amperometric response to the detection of H₂O₂, which is promising for the development of H₂O₂ sensor.     

有机电解液在阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管中的应用

二氧化钛纳米管由于其特殊的结构和优异的性能,在很多领域都有着重要的应用前景。阳极氧化法是制备二氧化钛纳米管的一种主要方法。近来,在阳极氧化法中使用有机电解液来制备二氧化钛纳米管取得了非常显著的效果。与传统的水溶性电解液相比,其深宽比和光电转换效率有了很大的提高。本文主要介绍了二氧化钛纳米管的阳极氧化原理以及有机电解液在阳极氧化法中对二氧化钛纳米管生长过程的影响。     

活性炭负载Cu离子掺杂纳米TiO2颗粒的制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在活性炭(AC)表面负载掺杂Cu离子的TiO2纳米颗粒, 制备负载型掺杂Cu2+-TiO2/AC复合光催化剂, 采用XRD, ESR, FS, UV-Vis和BET等手段对其进行了表征, 通过罗丹明B的光催化降解试验, 分析活性炭载体的比表面积和Cu离子掺杂量对负载型掺杂催化剂光催化活性的影响. 结果表明, Cu以+2价存在, Ti以少量的+3价存在; TiO2纳米颗粒具有量子尺寸效应, 吸光阈值显著蓝移, 并使光谱相应范围向可见光区拓展; 另外, 适量Cu离子的掺杂降低了负载型TiO2/AC的荧光强度. 负载和高温处理没有改变活性炭载体的微观结构. 以AC3为载体和质量分数为3%的Cu离子掺杂所制备的3%Cu2+-TiO2/AC3催化剂的活性最高, 并且该催化剂便于回收, 在重复使用中也表现出很高的光催化活性.     

Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Disulfoton in Aqueous TiO2 Suspensions: Parameter and Reaction Pathway Investigations

The photocatalytic degradation of organophosphorus insecticide disulfoton is investigated by having titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as a photocatalyst. About 99% of disulfoton is degraded after UV irradiation for 90 min. The effects of the solution pH, catalyst dosage, light intensity, and inorganic ions on the photocatalytic degradation of disulfoton are also investigated, as well as the reaction intermediates which are formed during the treatment. Eight intermediates have been identified and characterized through a mass spectra analysis, giving insight into the early steps of the degradation process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the degradation pathways of disulfoton. The results suggest that possible transformation pathways may involve in either direct electron or hole transfer to the organic substrate. The photodegradation of disulfoton by UV/TiO₂ exhibits pseudo‐first‐order reaction kinetics and a reaction quantum yield of 0.267. The electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude for photocatalytic degradation of disulfoton is 85 kWh/(m³ order).     

In situ polypyrrole polymerization enhances the photocatalytic activity of nanofibrous TiO2/SiO2 membranes

PPy@TS nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic capability was prepared by in situ polymerizing polypyrrole on the surface of TiO₂/SiO₂ nanofibrous membrane.     

形态结构和光电特性对纳米TiO2光催化性能的影响

采用sol-gel法制备了系列纳米TiO2光催化剂,运用X射线衍射、BET比表面测定、紫外漫反射吸收光谱和表面光电压谱等手段对催化剂进行表征,并以乙烯作为光催化反应的指标反应分子,研究了TiO2纳米晶的性质对于光催化活性的影响.随着焙烧温度的升高,TiO2的晶粒逐渐增大,比表面积下降,晶相由锐钛矿向金红石转变,其吸收带边与光伏响应阈值向长波方向移动,氧化－还原能力降低,降解乙烯的转化率迅速下降.     

The Preparation and Characterization of La Doped TiO2 Nanotubes and Their Photocatalytic Activity

La-doped TiO₂ nanotubes (La/TiO₂ NTs) were prepared by the combination of sol-gel process with hydrothermal treatment. The prepared samples were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectra, and ultraviolet-visible spectra. The photocatalytic performance of La/TiO₂ NTs was studied by testing the degradation rate of methyl orange under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The results indicated La/TiO₂ NTs calcined at 300°C consisted of anatase as the unique phase. The absorption spectra of the La/TiO₂ NTs showed a stronger absorption in the UV range and a slight red shift in the band gap transition than that of pure TiO₂ nanotubes. The photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ NTs could be improved by the doping of lanthanum ions, which is ascribed to several beneficial effects the formation of Ti-O-La bond and charge imbalance, existing of oxygen defects and Ti³⁺ species, stronger absorption in the UV range and a slight red shift in the band gap transition, as well as higher equilibrium dark adsorption of methyl orange. 0.75 wt% La/TiO₂ NTs had the best catalytic activity.     

苯乙酮的TiO2光催化降解及其影响因素

在TiO2(Degussa P25)和波长大于350 nm的光作用下,水中苯乙酮(1×10-5～1×10-4mol／L)能发生光催化降解,生成邻羟基苯乙酮等中间产物.该降解过程遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程,降解速率随入射光强度的增强和溶液起始pH值的增大而增大,但反应温度的影响较小,其降解反应的表观活化能为4.2～6.4 KJ/mol.