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1.
GUAN Yue WANG Chong WANG Biao MA Jian XU Xiu-mei SUN Yan-feng LIU Feng-min LIANG Xi-shuang GAO Yuan LU Ge-yu 《高等学校化学研究》2013,29(5):837-840
Hierarchical tin oxide(SnO2) architectures were synthesized with a facile hydrothermal method. In the hydrothermal synthesis, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) surfactant plays an important role as structure-directing reagent. The synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM). The results clearly reveal that the hierarchical architectures of SnO2 were composed of aggregated nanosheets with a thickness of about 100 nm. A possible mechanism for the formation of the SnO2 hierarchical architectures was proposed. In addition, the gas sensing properties of the as-prepared products were investigated and it was found that the sensor based on the special SnO2 hierarchical architectures exhibited a high response and good selectivity to NO2 at the optimal working temperature of 160 ℃. 相似文献
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采用静电纺丝法制备了PVP/FeC6H5O7复合纳米纤维, 并将复合纤维在500 ℃高温烧结3 h, X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明, 烧结后的产物为正尖晶石结构的γ-Fe2O3晶体. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测结果表明, 制得了直径均匀、 连续的复合纳米纤维, 其平均直径约为1000 nm; 烧结后的γ-Fe2O3纳米纤维保持了其连续性, 但纤维发生了收缩, 直径较烧结前小, 平均约为600 nm. 比表面积分析表明, γ-Fe2O3纳米纤维比表面积为57.18 m2/g. 气敏性能测试结果表明, 230 ℃为γ-Fe2O3纳米纤维检测丙酮气体的最佳工作温度. 在此温度下, γ-Fe2O3纳米纤维对丙酮气体表现出高响应度[S=6.9, c(Acetone)=7.88×104 mg/m3]和线性度(7.88×102~1.58×105 mg/m3浓度范围内). 同时, γ-Fe2O3纳米纤维气体传感器件还表现出良好的长期稳定性. 相似文献
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采用静电纺丝的方法制备了SnO2纳米纤维,并分别用PdO、Au、CdO对该纳米纤维材料进行表面修饰.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDX)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)比表面积测试对材料进行表征.修饰前后, SnO2纳米纤维都是由约15 nm的纳米颗粒构成的直径约为200 nm的多级结构材料.采用静态测试系统对纯SnO2及不同物质修饰的SnO2的气敏特性进行测试,结果表明,未修饰的SnO2纳米纤维气敏元件对甲醛具有较好的响应.修饰后的SnO2材料的气敏特性都有明显的改善. CdO修饰的SnO2气敏元件对甲醛的响应值最高,且响应恢复时间短,选择性好. Au修饰的SnO2气敏元件对甲醛响应的最佳工作温度从300 ℃降到了200 ℃.经PdO修饰后, SnO2纳米纤维对甲苯的响应值变得最高.初步分析了经过修饰的SnO2气敏材料的敏感机理. 相似文献
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SnO2 nanocrystal with different crystalline sizes were prepared with SnCl2 2H2O and H2O2 raw materials by a hydrothermal process. The synthesized powders at different reaction temperatures were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, specific surface area and gas sensitivity measurements. The results revealed that the pure SnO2 nanocrystallites synthesized at 120 ℃ have high specific surface area (210.3 m2/g), and show a high sensitivity to C2H5OH gas. Both traits are beneficial in gas-sensitive detection application. 相似文献
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以电纺In_2O_3纳米纤维为模版,通过溶剂热法构建了p-CuO/n-In_2O_3异质结纳米纤维.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对所得材料的形貌和结构进行表征.结果表明,CuO纳米颗粒可以均匀地负载在超细In_2O_3纳米纤维表面;随着反应液中乙酸铜浓度的增加,负载的CuO纳米颗粒密度也逐渐增加.通过制备旁热式气敏器件对复合纳米纤维材料的气敏特性进行了研究.结果表明,与纯In_2O_3纳米纤维相比,p-CuO/n-In_2O_3异质结纳米纤维对H_2S气体具有较高的灵敏度和较低的工作温度. 相似文献
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SHI Juan WU Shi-hua WANG Shu-rong 《高等学校化学研究》2005,21(6):641-645
Nanocrystalline tin oxide samples were prepared by using Sn2 (NH4 )2 (C2O4)3 as the precursor. The thermal decompositions were respectively conducted at 250,450 and 650 ℃. TG-DTA, XRD, TEM, FTIR were used to characterize the samples. The indirect heating sensors by using these materials as sensitive bodies were fabricated on an alumina tube with Au electrodes and platinum wires. Sensing properties of these sensors were investigated. It was found that the tin oxide sample obtained by thermal decomposition at 450 ℃ has a higher sensitivity to C2H5OH and a higher selectivity to hexane and ammonia than those obtained via the conventional precipitate method and the working temperatures needed were greatly decreased. 相似文献
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Greta R. Patzke Michael Binnewies Ulrich Nigge Hans‐Dieter Wiemhfer 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2000,626(11):2340-2346
Chemical Transport of Solid Solutions. 8. Transport Phenomena and Ionic Conductivity in the In2O3/SnO2 System Chemical transport reactions are a suitable pathway to the preparation of In2O3‐rich and SnO2‐rich mixed crystals coexisting in the In2O3/SnO2 system (Cl2 as transport agent, 1050 → 900 °C). Experiments are consistent with thermodynamic calculations. The existence of other phases in the system In2O3/SnO2 could not be confirmed. The ionic conductivity of In2O3(SnO2) was investigated. 相似文献
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通过在水热合成后追加退火处理,制备了径向生长的具有分级结构的树枝状三维Co3O4晶体,并用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对其结构和形貌进行了表征. 在110 oC对其气体探测性能的研究表明这种Co3O4分级结构对氨气有较高的探测灵敏度和响应速度(10 s),性能稳定并具有可重复性. 同时,还在较低的探测温度下对酒精、丙酮和苯进行了气敏探测. 相似文献
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Cobalt oxide(C0304) with different morphologies was achieved by a simple solution-based method. Various parallel experiments show that several experimental parameters, such as the concentrations of NaOH and ethylene glyeol(EG), play important roles in the morphological controlling of C0304 nanoparticles. A lower concen- tration of NaOH favors quasi-spherical product with a uniform size of about 15 nm, whereas a higher concentration of NaOH generally leads to the formation of nanoplates with wide size distribution. In addition, C0304 nanorods were also obtained partially by introducing a certain amount of EG. A possible mechanism was proposed for the selective formation of C0304 with various morphologies. X-Ray diffraction(XRD), infrared(IR) spectrometry, scanning elec- tron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and UV-Vis spectrometry were used to characterize the samples. 相似文献
10.
Enhancement of H2 Sensing Properties of In2O3-based Gas Sensor by Chemical Modification with SiO2 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ZiLiZHAN DengGaoJIANG JiaQiangXU 《中国化学快报》2004,15(12):1509-1512
The sensitivity and selectivity to H2 of a new In203-based gas sensor were improved significantly by surface chemical modification. A dense layer of SiO2 near the surface of the porous In2O3 bead was formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diethoxydimethysilane (DEMS). The dense layer functioned as a molecular sieve, thereby the diffusion of gases with large molecular diameters, except for 1-12, was effectively controlled, resulting in a prominent selectivity and high sensitivity for H2. The working mechanism of the sensor was also presented. 相似文献
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用简单有效的静电纺丝法制备了Ce掺杂的In2O3纳米纤维材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合成样品的晶体结构和形貌进行了表征.结果显示,此纤维材料的平均直径约为90nm,长度达到几十个微米.气敏性能测试结果表明,4%(w)Ce掺杂的In2O3纳米纤维对三乙胺的灵敏度最高,该气敏元件对3μL·L-1三乙胺的灵敏度达到2.6,响应时间为5s,恢复时间约为6s,且具有较好的选择性. 相似文献
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FENG Cai-hui RUAN Sheng-ping ZHU Ling-hui LI Chao LI Wei CHEN Wei-you CHEN Li-hua ZHANG Xin-dong 《高等学校化学研究》2011,27(5):720-723
ZnO nanofibers with an average diameter of about 90 nm were prepared by an electrospinning method combined with a calcination process. The as-electrospun nanofibers before and after calcination were characterized by means of differential thermal analysis(DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The fibers after calcination at 600 °C belong to the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The sensor based on ZnO nanofibers exhibited excellent ethanol sensing properties at 206 °C such as good linear dependence in the low concentration(1―100 μL/L), high response, and good selectivity. Fast response(less than 2 s) and recovery(about 16 s) were also observed in our investigations. 相似文献
13.
WANG Hongzhi SHI Yulei LI Zixuan ZHANG Weiguo YAO Suwei 《高等学校化学研究》2014,30(4):650-655
Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composites were synthesized via a simple electrochemical method from graphene oxide and Co(NO3)2·6H2O as raw materials.Co3O4 nanoparticles with sizes of around 30-50 nm were distributed on the surface of graphene nanosheets confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Electrochemical properties of Co3O4/graphene composite were tested by cyclic voltammetry,galvanostatic charge-discharge,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composite was used as the pseudocapacitor electrode in the 2 mol/L NaOH aqueous electrolyte solution.The Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composite electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 357 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g in a three-electrode system.72% of capacitance was retained when the current density increased to 3 A/g.The Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide composite prepared electrodes show a high rate capability and excellent long-term stability.After 1000 cycles of charge and discharge,the capacitance is still maintained 87% at a current density of 1 A/g,indicating that the composite is a oromising alternative electrode material used for supercapacitors. 相似文献
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采用共沉淀法制备了Co3O4/Ce0.8Pr0.2O2催化剂,并将其用于乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应,考察了Co3O4负载量以及Pr掺杂对催化剂性能的影响.采用X射线衍射、程序升温还原、热重分析和透射电子显微镜对催化剂的结构和表面性质进行表征.结果表明,催化剂中部分Co进入到载体的晶格中,使载体发生畸变产生更多的氧空位;载体中Pr掺杂有利于生成更多的氧空位,提高了催化剂的抗积碳性能,同时Pr掺杂可以增强Co3O4与载体之间的相互作用,提高金属Co的抗烧结性能;15%Co3O4/Ce0.8Pr0.2O2催化剂具有最好的催化活性,在反应温度为400℃,空速80 000 mL/(g.h),n(H2O)∶n(EtOH)=3的条件下可将乙醇完全转化;10 h稳定性测试结果表明该催化剂具有较好的稳定性. 相似文献
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采用静电纺丝法成功制备了Y掺杂的ZnO纳米纤维.并通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能量色散X射线(EDX),透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及热重差热分析(TG-DTA)等手段对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征分析.同时用纯的ZnO和Y掺杂的ZnO纳米纤维制备了传感器,对浓度为(1-200)×10-6 (体积分数)丙酮的气敏特性进行了测试分析.测试结果表明,可以通过简单控制纳米纤维中Y的含量,来微调该传感器的气敏特性.同时也发现通过Y掺杂, ZnO纳米纤维对丙酮的气敏特性有所改善,表现出很高的响应.纯ZnO和Y掺杂ZnO制成的传感器对几种潜在干扰气体表现出良好的选择性,比如氨气、苯、甲醛、甲苯以及甲醇.本文最后也讨论了该传感器的气敏作用机理. 相似文献
16.
不同形貌Co3O4的水热-微乳液法制备及其电化学性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以四元微乳液(水/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/环己烷/正戊醇)为介质, 在100 ℃水热环境下成功地合成了具有蒲公英状、剑麻状以及捆绑式结构的前驱化合物, 经300 ℃焙烧可得结构保持的Co3O4. X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)测试表明, 所得样品为立方尖晶石结构, 同时水热反应时间对材料的形貌有很大的影响. 循环伏安和恒电流充放电等电化学测试均表明, 水热反应6 h、经热处理后得到Co3O4具有较好的电化学电容行为, 单电极比电容可达340 F·g-1. 相似文献
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Qiuchen Dong Xudong Wang William S. Willis Donghui Song Yikun Huang Jing Zhao Baikun Li Yu Lei 《Electroanalysis》2019,31(4):678-687
Nitrogen‐doped hollow cobalt oxide nanofibers (Co3O4 NFs) with both glucose catalytic activity and pH sensitivity were fabricated through core‐sheath electrospinning technique, followed by calcination. The as‐developed nitrogen‐doped hollow Co3O4 NFs were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, and then employed to fabricate a dual electrochemical sensor for both pH sensing and glucose sensing. The pH sensitivity of the developed nitrogen‐doped hollow Co3O4 NFs demonstrated a Nernst constant of 12.9–15.9 mV/pH in the pH range of 3.0~9.0 and 6.8–10.7 mV/pH in the pH range of 9.0~13.0, respectively. The developed hollow cobalt oxides nanofibers sensor also possesses glucose sensitivity of 87.67 μA mM?1 cm?2, the limit of detection of 0.38 μM (S/N=3), and an acceptable selectivity against several common interferents in non‐enzymatic glucose determination. High accuracy for monitoring glucose in human serum sample was also demonstrated. These features indicate that the as‐synthesized nitrogen‐doped hollow cobalt oxides nanofibers hold great potential in the development of a unique dual sensor for both solid‐state pH sensing and superior non‐enzymatic glucose sensing. 相似文献
20.
水热条件对立方状Co3O4形貌的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了原料浓度、溶液酸度、水热反应温度和时间以及陈化方式等条件对立方状Co3O4形貌和粒度的影响,采用XRD,TEM和IR等手段跟踪反应过程,并表征产物,对水热过程中的相转变和尖晶石相Co3O4的水热形成机理进行了初步探讨 相似文献