HPMTFP与1,10—菲罗啉(Phen)等中性萃取剂对Co(Ⅱ)的协同萃取

本文研究了以1-苯基-3-甲基-4-4-三氟乙酰基吡唑啉酮-5(HPMTFP)与1,10菲罗啉(Phen)。三辛基氧磷(TOPO)、三苯基氧磷(Ph_3PO)、三丁基磷酸酯(TBP)和二戊基亚砜(DASO)的氯仿溶液对CO(Ⅱ)的协同萃取.协萃图上发现,HPMTFP与Phen协萃效应显著,与TOPO、Ph_3PO协萃效应较小,而与TBP、DASO基本上无协萃效应.本文由协萃图数据斜率分析和求协萃反应平衡常数的方法,推断萃合物组成为Co(PMTFP)_2·B(B分别为Phen、TOPO、Ph_3PO),求得的各协萃反应的平衡常数如下:Co~(2+)+2HPMTFP_(0)+Phen_(0) Co(PMTFP)_2·Phen_(0)+2H~+ β_(12)=9.57Co~(2+)+2HPMTFP_(0)+TOPO_(0) Co(PMTFP)_2·TOPO_(0)+2H~+ β_(12)=9.56×10~(-3)Co~(2+)+2HPMTFP_(0)+PH_3PO_(0) Co(PMTFP)_2·PH_3PO_(0)+2H~+ β_(12)=5.01×10~(-3)根据模拟萃合物Co(PMTFP)_2·2C_2H_5OH和萃合物Co(PMTFP)_2·Phen的单晶X-射线结构研究结果,讨论了萃合物的结构和产生协萃效应的原因。     

铀的三元协萃规律研究——HTTA-HPMBP-(C_8H_5)_4AsCl三元协萃高氯酸铀酰的机理

本文研究α-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(HTTA)、1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-5-吡唑啉酮(HPMBP)与四苯基砷氯(C_6H_5)_4AsCl的氯仿溶液从高氯酸中萃取U(VI).该体系属螯合、离子缔合AAC类,其二元及三元协萃平衡常数分别为:logβ_(A_1C)=3.97[HTTA-(C_6H_5)_4AsCl];logβ_(A_2C)=4.86[HPMBP-(C_6H_5)_4AsCl];logβ_(A_1A_2C)=5.52[HTTA-PMBP-(C_6H_5)_4AsCl].用亚甲基蓝光度法测定了萃合物中ClO_4~-的存在,用斜率法确定二元协萃物组成为(C_6H_5)_4As~+[UO_2(ClO_4)(TTA)_2]~-和(C_6H_5)_4As~+[UO_2(ClO_4)(PMBP)_2]~-,三元协萃配合物为(C_6H_5)_4As~+[UO_2(ClO_4)(TTA)(PMBP)]~-.     

多元协同萃取的研究 Ⅲ.AAB类三元体系对Nd(Ⅲ)的协同萃取

本文对1-苯基-3-甲基-4-乙酰基吡唑啉酮-5(PMHP文中用HA表示)和2-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(TTA用HT表示)与甲基膦酸二异戊酯(DiAMP用B表示)和二戊基亚砜(DASO用S表示)这几种萃取剂的甲苯溶液构成的两组AAB类三元体系,从高氯酸底液中萃取轻稀土元素Nd(Ⅲ)的协萃机理进行了研究。用斜率法测定了Nd~(3+)(≤10~(-4)mol·1~(-1)/NaClO_4(μ=0.1)/PMHP-TTA-DiAMP-C_6H_5CH_3体系的三元协萃物组成分别为NdAT_2·B和NdAT_2·B_2,体系平衡常数分别为K_(ATB)_1=7.0×10~(-2),K_(ATB)_2=20.9(25℃)。同时测定了Nd~(3+)(≤10~(-4)mol·1~(-1)/NaClO_4,HClO_4(μ=0.1)/PMHP-TTA-DASO-C_6H_5CH_3体系协萃物分别为NdA_2T·S和NdA_2T·S_2,测定的平衡常数平均值分别为K_(ATS)_1=5.2×10~(-2),K_(ATS)_2=2.8(25℃,平均值)。     

KBr-乙醇-(NH_4)_2SO_4体系析相萃取分离和富集铱的研究

研究了KBr-乙醇-(NH_4)_2SO_4水体系析相萃取分离和富集铱的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件.结果表明,(NH_4)_2SO_4能使乙醇的水溶液分成两相,在分相过程中,Ir(Ⅳ)与KBr生成的IrBr_6~(2-)与质子化乙醇(C_2H_5OH~(2+))形成的缔合物[IrBr_6~(2-)][C_2H_5OH~(2+)]_2能被乙醇相完全萃取.当乙醇、KBr和(NH_4)_2SO_4分别为体积分数30%、4.0×10~(-3)mol/J L、0.3 g,mL.pH 3时,Ir(Ⅳ)的萃取率达到99.5%以上,Ga(Ⅲ),Al(Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ),Mo(Ⅵ),Fe(Ⅲ),Ni(Ⅱ),Zn(Ⅱ),Co(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ),V(Ⅴ),Ag(Ⅰ),Ru(Ⅲ)和Rh(Ⅲ)基本不被萃取,实现了Ir(Ⅳ)与上述金属离子的分离.     

草酸草酸基五氨合钴(Ⅲ)-草酸-水体系的研究

为判断文献中所载(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅳ)、(Ⅴ)、(Ⅵ)(见前)五种钴铬合盐是否存在,我们用“湿固相法”在40°和50℃研究了[Co(NH_3)_5C_2O_4]C_2O_4—H_2C_2O_4—H_2O体系。结果证明,在这一温度范围内只形成(Ⅰ)盐:[Co(NH_3)_5C_2O_4]_2C_2O_4·4H_2C_2O_4,其余四种均不存在。我们将进一步研究上述体系在较高和较低温度下的情形以便作出较为广泛的结论。     

两个新奇的铼的卡宾和卡拜络合物的合成和结构

铼的阳离子卡拜络合物,[π-C_5H_5(CO)_2—R_(?)CC_6H_5]BBr4(Ⅰ),在THF中低温下与邻-碳硼烷基锂反应,碳硼烷基阴离子加成到卡拜碳和羰基碳原子上生成两个新奇的铼的卡宾和卡拜络合物,π-环戊二烯基二羰基[(1-碳硼烷基)(苯基)卡宾]铼[π-C_5H_5(CO)_2ReC(C_2HB_(10)H_(10))C_6H_5](Ⅱ)和π-环戊二烯基羰基(1-碳硼烷基甲酰基)(苯基卡拜)铼[π-C_5H_5(CO)(COC_2HB_(10)H_(10))ReCC_6H_51(Ⅲ)。这表明在阳离子卡拜络合物Ⅰ中有两个亲电中心。络合物Ⅲ在溶液中室温下逐渐转变为络合物Ⅱ。Ⅱ和Ⅲ是通过元素分析和红外、核磁共振光谱及质谱分析,最后通过X射线单晶结构分析鉴定的。本文还讨论了上述反应的可能机制。     

高位阻有机磷萃取剂的研究 Ⅲ.叔丁基膦酸单烷基酯的合成及其结构与萃取镱、镥性能的关系

合成了一系列具有高位阻特征的叔丁基膦酸单烷基酯t-C_4H_9P(O)(OR)OH(R分别为n-C_8H_(17),—CH_2CH(C_2H_5)C_4H_9,—CH(CH_3)C_6H_(13),—CH_3CH_2CH(CH_3)CH_2C(CH_3)_3和n-C_(12)H_(25))。初步探讨了它们的结构与萃取重稀土元素Yb(Ⅲ)和Lu(Ⅲ)性能的关系。萃取能力随着酯烷基空间位阻的增大而显著降低。在ph_(1/2)值与酯烷基的Charton空间参数v间存在着近似的直线关系。叔丁基膦酸单烷基酯对Yb、Lu的反萃性能优于2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己酯(P-507)。     

气液色谱法研究双-(O,O′-二正辛基二硫代磷酸酯)合镍(Ⅱ)与伯醇加合反应的热力学性质

本文用气液色谱法研究了 Ni[(C_8H_(17)O)_2PS_2]_2与 C_1—C_4伯醇加合反应的热力学性质.测定了317—353K 范围内加合反应的平衡常数,用作图法求得反应的ΔH和ΔS.ΔH、ΔS 与伯醇的碳原子数之间呈线性关系:-ΔH=11.8+4.57X (kJ/mol)-ΔS=30.6+16.4X (J/mol·K)用静电作用模型描述了加合物成键的实质.加合反应的平衡常数可以用经验公式描述:lgK=-1.601-0.8572X+(619.1-237.8X)/T     

三重桥氧三核铁脂肪酸配合物FAB和EI质谱研究

本文报道三重桥氧三核铁脂肪酸配合物[Fe_3(μ_3～O)(μ-O_2CR)_6(H_2O)]_3~+(R=CH_3,C_2H_5,C_3H_7,C_4H_9,C_(15)H_(31)和C_(17)H_(35))的快原子轰击(FAB)和电子轰击(EI)质谱。在FAB—MS谱中观察到四种系列离子:Ⅰ.[Fe_3O(O_2CR)_n]~+n=2-6;Ⅱ.[Fe_3O(O_2CR)_nO]~+n=1-4;Ⅲ.[Fe_2O(O_2CR)_n]~+n=1-3;Ⅳ.[Fe_2(O_2CR)_n]~+n=2-4;以及与底物所形成的加合离子[Fe_3O(O_2CR)_n·NBA-1]~+n=3-5(NBA是间-硝基苄醇)。在EI—MS谱中,除上述Ⅰ—Ⅳ离子(其中n的数目略有差异)外,还观察到含三个配位水的完整阳离子[Fe_3(O_2CR)_6(H_2O)_3]~+及其与配体羧酸的加合离子[Fe_3O(0_2CR)_n(H_20)_3·RCOOH+H]~+n=4-6,(Fe_3O(O_2CR)_nO(H_2O)3·RCOOH+H]~+n=2—4和Fe(O_2CR)_n]~+n=1—3。分析了它们的断裂规律,探讨了从中所获得的有益启示。     

铕(Ⅲ)的β—双酮—邻菲绕啉混配配合物的合成、晶体结构和红外光谱

合成了1,3-二苯基-4-乙酰吡唑酮-5[Hl)PAP=C_(17)H_(14)N_2O_2]邻菲绕啉[phen=C_(12)H_8N_2]配铕的混配合物Eu(DPAP)_3·(o-phen);并测定、讨论其晶体结构和150—4000cm~(-1)范围的红外光谱。 晶体Eu(DPAP)_3(o-phen)属单斜晶系;空间群为C_2~6h—C2/c;Z=8;晶胞参数a=23.021(15),b=22.988(11),c=23.549(9),β=109.27(4)°,V=11761(10);F(000)=4527.00,μ=11.28cm~(-1)(Mo靶)。     

Synergistic extraction of uranium(VI) with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-acylpyrazolone-5 and neutral extractants

The synergistic extraction of uranium(VI) from hydrochloric acid solution with five chelating agents: 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazolone-5 (PMBP), 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-acetylpyrazolone-5 (PMAP), 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(2-chlorobenzoyl)pyrazolone-5 (PMCBP), 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(p-nitrobenzoyl)pyrazolone-5 (PMNBP) and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-trifluoroacetylpyrazolone-5 (PMTFP) plus the neutral extractants tributylphosphate (TBP), dioctyl sulfoxide (DOSO) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in chloroform has been investigated. The extraction coefficients have been found to be greater for such mixtures than the individual component. The formulas of the extracted species have been determined to be UO₂A₂B (where HA = chelating agent, B = neutral extractant). Extraction power of these chelating agents increases as follows: PMCBP>PMNBP>PMTFP=PMBP>PMAP. Synergistic extraction power of the neutral extractants increases as follows: TOPO>DOSO>TBP. The extraction equilibrium constants have been calculated. The mechanism of the synergistic extraction and possible structure of the extracted species are discussed.     

Synergistic extraction of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) with mixtures of Cyanex272 and other organophosphorus ligands

The extraction of thorium(IV) and uranium(VI) from nitric acid solutions has been studied using mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex272 or HA), and synergistic extractants (S) such as tri-butylphosphate (TBP), tri-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)thiophosphinic acid (Cyanex301). The results showed that these metallic ions are extracted into kerosene as Th(OH)₂(NO₃)A·HA and UO₂(NO₃)A·HA with Cyanex272 alone. In the presence of neutral organophosphorus ligands TBP and TOPO, they are found to be extracted as Th(OH)₂(NO₃)A·HA·S and UO₂(NO₃)A·HA·S. On the other hand, Th(IV), U(VI) are extracted as Th(OH)₂(NO₃)A·HA·2S and UO₂(NO₃)A·HA·S in the presence of Cyanex301. The addition of neutral extractants such as TOPO and TBP to the extraction system enhanced the extraction efficiency of both elements while Cyanex301 as an acidic extractant has improved the selectivity between uranium and thorium. The effect of TOPO on the extraction was higher than other extractants. The equilibrium constants of above species have been estimated by non-linear regression method. The extraction amounts were determined and the results were compared with those of TBP. Also, it was found that the binding to the neutral ligands by the thorium–Cyanex272 complexes follows the neutral ligand basicity sequence.     

Synergic extraction of Cd(II) with mixtures of 4-methyl-N-8-quinolinylbenzenesulphonamide and tri-n-butylphosphate or tri-n-octylphosphine oxide dissolved in toluene

The distribution equilibria of Cd(II) from 0.1 mol dm⁻³ KNO₃ with mixtures of 4-methyl-N-8-quinolinylbenzenesulphonamide and the organophosphorus compounds tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) or tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) dissolved in toluene have been investigated. The composition of the extracted species and values of the corresponding stoichiometric extraction constants have been deduced following both graphical and numerical treatments of experimental data. Synergic effects are bigger with TOPO than with TBP in agreement with its greater ability to displace water molecules from the coordination sphere of the metal ion.     

Extraction of Re(VII) by neutral and basic extractants

The mechanism of Re(VII) extraction from sulphate-containing solutions using primary amine Primene JMT, trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), tributyl phosphate (TBP), and their mixtures was investigated. It was found that the ratio of Re(VII) with Primene JMT and its sulphate in the organic phase was 1:1. The composition of Re(VII) complexes with TOPO depended on the acidity of solution ranging from about 1:1 to 2:1. When the extraction was carried out by TBP the mole ratio of TBP to Re was approximately 4. Primene JMT proved to be the most suitable agent for Re(VII) extraction with the exception of strongly acidic solutions, in which TOPO provided better results. The mixed solvents Primene JMT and TOPO as well as Primene JMT and TBP presented a slight synergism in weakly acidic solutions. Presented at the 33rd International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 22–26 May 2006.     

Thermodynamics of the extraction of Eu3+ with thenoyltrifluoroacetone,triphenylarsine oxide and other phosphine oxides

Extraction of Eu³⁺ from 0.1M aqueous perchlorate medium by thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) and by mixtures of HTTA and tributylphosphate (TBP), HTTA and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO), HTTA and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and HTTA and triphenylarsine oxide (TPAsO) has been studied at various temperatures allowing for the elucidation of the mechanism of extraction in each case and a comparison between the various bases.     

Synergism in the extraction of europium in the presence of alkylphosphates and sulphoxides

Synergism in the extraction of europium(III) has been investigated using a mixture of naphthoyltrifluoroacetone and synergists like trioctylphosphine-oxide (TOPO), tributylphosphate (TBP), trihexylphosphate (THP), diphenylsulphoxide (DPSO) and benzylsulphoxide (BSO). Synergism decreases in the order: TOPO < TBP ≃THP < BSO < DPSO indicating a correlation between electron density at the donor atom and extent of synergism. The equilibrium constants for adduct formation have also been evaluated.     

The separation of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) by liquid-liquid extraction

The extraction of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from thiocyanate solutions with bis-2-ethylhexyl sulphoxide (B₂EHSO) in benzene as an extractant has been studied by tracer techniques. For comparison, extraction has also been carried out with tributylphosphate (TBP). The extraction data have been analysed by both graphical and theoretical methods by taking into account complexation of the metal in the aqueous phase by inorganic ligands and plausible complexes extracted into the organic phase. The results demonstrate that Zn(II) is extracted as Zn(SCN)₂·2B2EHSO and Zn(SCN)₂·2TBP. In the case of Cd(II), the extracted species are Cd(SCN)₂·4B2EHSO/4TBP. The synergistic extraction of Zn(II) and Cd(II) with mixtures of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazolone-5 (HPMBP) and B2EHSO or TBP or trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) from acetate buffer solutions has also been investigated. Zn(II) is extracted as Zn(PMBP)₂·B2EHSO/TBP/TOPO. On the other hand, Cd(II) is found to be not extracted with these mixed-ligand systems under the experimental conditions. These results also demonstrate the mutual separation of Zn(II) and Cd(II) using the synergistic extraction with HPMBP in the presence of various neutral oxodonors.     

Effect of interaction of thenoyltrifluoroacetone with neutral oxo-donors in the synergistic extraction of tervalent actinides

The interaction of HTTA with TBP, DOSO, DBBP and TOPO in xylene has been studied by a spectrophotometric method. The complex species formed is HTTA. S (where S is a neutral donor) and the equilibrium constants for the formation of the species follow the order TOPO > DBBP > DOSO > TBP. After application of a correction for the HTTA-S interaction, the free HTTA and S concentrations in the organic phase were calculated. Plots of log D vs. log [HTTA] for the tervalent actinides Am, Cm, Bk and Cf gave straight lines with a slope of 3 only after application of the interaction correction, otherwise curves with slopes varying from 3 to 2 were found. The equilibrium constants of the organic phase synergistic reactions of the tervalent actinides are found to be approximately 10% higher after application of the HTTA-S interaction correction.     

Synergistic extraction of radium using 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone and tributyl phosphate or trioctylphosphine oxide

The extraction of radium into a mixture of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) or trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in n-hexane or cyclohexane has been investigated with regard to the dependence on pH, and TBP and TOPO concentrations. It has been found that the formation of mixed complexes of the type Ra(TTA)₂ (TBP)₂ and Ra(TTA)₂(TOPO)₂ occurs and the overall extraction constants of both complexes were calculated. With the systems described, very high distribution ratios of radium have been attained; these may advantageously be used for the separation and concentration of traces of radium.     

Synergistic extraction of uranyl thenoyltrifluoroacetonate with trioctyl phosphine oxide

Synergistic effect with a strong donor, trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO), has been studied in the extraction of thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) complexes of uranyl ion. The chemical form of the species extracted was found to be the 1∶1 adduct, UO₂A₂·S (S∶TOPO), and no evidence was found concerning other mixed complexes. Adduct formation constants determined in twelve inert solvents vary from lg K_S=6.79 in chloroform to 9.58 in n-hexane, while their increasing order is almost the same as that for the adducts with other phosphine oxides and TBP.