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1.
Adsorption kinetics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine hemoglobin (bHb) to Cibacron Blue 3GA (CB) modified Sepharose CL-6B has been studied. The effects of liquid-phase ionic strength and CB coupling density on the uptake rates of these two proteins in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) were evaluated by effective pore diffusivity derived from a pore diffusion model. The results showed that despite their similar molecular masses and sizes, the effects of aqueous-phase ionic strength and CB density on the effective pore diffusivities of BSA and bHb were distinctly different. The effective pore diffusivity of BSA to CB-Sepharose increased significantly with decreasing CB density and increasing liquid-phase ionic strength. This was considered due to the decrease in electrostatic repulsion between the BSA and CB molecules of like charge. That is, the increase in ionic strength and the decrease in CB coupling density reduced the electrostatic hindrance effect on BSA diffusion to CB-Sepharose, facilitating the hindered pore diffusion. In contrast, because of the higher isoelectric point of bHb (7.0) compared to BSA (4.7), bHb suffered little electrostatic hindrance effect during its diffusion to CB-Sepharose. Therefore, the effective pore diffusivity of bHb was unchanged with the change in liquid-phase ionic strength and CB coupling density. 相似文献
2.
微孔中简单流体扩散行为的分子动力学模拟研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用分子动力学模拟方法研究了受限在微孔中的简单流体氩的扩散行为,考察了微孔类型、孔径、温度和密度对微孔中流体扩散系数的影响.研究发现,微孔中流体的扩散系数均小于体相流体,并且随孔径的减小而减小,同时沿孔道或狭缝方向的扩散系数分量远大于沿孔径方向的分量,并且流体在通道型微孔中的扩散系数小于在狭缝型微孔中的扩散系数,温度和密度也是影响微孔中扩散的重要因素. 相似文献
3.
4.
The transport properties, including the diffusivity and viscosity, of water confined in hydrophobic nanopores and nanoslits were studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the diffusion coefficient in nanopores and nanoslits is markedly lower than that in the bulk. But the viscosity is much larger than that in bulk. The parallel diffusion coefficient is obviously larger than the perpendicular ones. The diffusion coefficient in the channel pore is ever less than that in the slit pore at the same pore width, but the viscosity is larger. The temperature and density affect significantly the diffusivity and viscosity in nanopores and nanoslits. Lower density water exhibits some special characteristics on density profiles in nanopores and nanoslits at lower temperatures, and the density profiles show a change from homogeneous to inhomogeneous as the pore width is reduced. Even clusters occurred in micropores. 相似文献
5.
The equilibrium and kinetics of levulinic acid (LA) adsorption on two basic polymeric adsorbents, 335 (highly porous gel) and D315 (macroreticular), were investigated. Experimental adsorption rates in batch stirred vessels under a variety of operating conditions were described successfully by the parallel pore and surface diffusion model taking into account external mass transfer and nonlinear Toth isotherm. The film-pore diffusion model was matched with the rate data and the resulting apparent pore diffusivities were strongly concentration-dependent and approached to a constant value for 335 adsorbent. Thus, the constant value was taken as the accurate pore diffusivity, while the pore diffusivity in D315 was estimated from the particle porosity. The surface diffusivities decreased with increasing initial bulk concentration for both adsorbents. The inverse concentration dependence was correlated reasonably well to the change of isosteric heat of adsorption as amount adsorbed. 相似文献
6.
Debapriya Chakraborty Nilanjana Bose Sukanya Sasmal Swagata Dasgupta Tapas K. Maiti Suman Chakraborty Sunando DasGupta 《Analytica chimica acta》2012
Aim of the present work is to investigate the reaction–diffusion process of a two species system under laminar flow in a T-shaped microchannel. A zone formed at the interface between the aqueous solutions of these two species is affected by advection and diffusion. Through theoretical analyses and experimental results, the effect of dispersion has been shown to influence this diffusion zone. We have defined a parameter called effective diffusivity, to account for the dispersion effects and observed it to be a function of the channel Peclet number. In the limiting case of low Peclet number, this parameter is constant and turns out to be equal to the molecular diffusivity. We have also related effective diffusivity and the dispersion coefficient through scaling estimates. 相似文献
7.
Lispro insulin (LPI), a widely used insulin analog, is produced on tons per year scale. Linear gradient reversed phase chromatography (RPC) is used in the production to separate LPI from two impurities, which differ from LPI by a single amino acid residue. A chromatography model for the ternary separation in this RPC process is unavailable from the literature. In this study, a parallel pore and surface diffusion model is developed and verified for LPI and the two impurities. The LPI can be recovered with high yield (≥95%) and high purity (>99.5%). A new method, which requires a small amount of materials and an order of magnitude fewer experiments, has been developed to estimate the solvent-modulated isotherm parameters. A modified reversed phase modulator model is developed to correlate the adsorption isotherms of LPI and impurities. A strategy has been developed for estimating the intrinsic pore diffusivity and surface diffusivity. Since the adsorption affinities decrease by more than three orders of magnitude as organic fraction (φ) increases from 0.19 to 0.40, the apparent diffusivities based on a pore diffusion model or a surface diffusion model can also vary by several orders of magnitude. For this reason, a pore diffusion model or a surface diffusion model with a constant apparent diffusivity cannot predict closely the chromatograms over the same range of organic fractions, concentrations, and loadings. The parallel pore and surface diffusion model with constant diffusivities can predict closely the frontal and elution profiles over a wide range of organic fractions (0.19-0.40), LPI concentrations (0.05-18 g/L), linear velocities (<10 cm/min), and loading volume (0.0004-13 CV). For large loading stepwise and linear gradient elution, the peaks of LPI and the impurities are strongly focused by self-sharpening and gradient focusing effects as a result of the steep decrease of adsorption affinity from the loading φ (0.19) to elution φ (≥0.27). When the ratio of diffusion rate to convection rate is greater than 10, spreading due to diffusion is largely compensated by the focusing effects. As a result, a pore diffusion model with a constant pore diffusivity can predict closely the elution profiles in stepwise and linear gradient elution. The experimental yield values (≥95%) can be predicted to within ±1% by the model. 相似文献
8.
Deposition of silane on a zeolite's external surface is a well established method of increasing its shape selective properties
by modifying diffusion resistances. In this work the intracrystalline diffusivity of cyclohexane in both a parent and silanized
ZSM-5 samples were measured using the zero length column technique. It was found that the apparent intracrystalline diffusivity
did indeed decrease in the modified samples. Models based on a surface barrier approach to describe pore mouth narrowing and
an increase in intracrystalline tortuosity as a result of pore blockage were used to interpret the experimental data. It is
found that the data correspond most consistently with the model describing pore blockage. 相似文献
9.
TheporousionexchangeresinshavebecomeanimportantreactivepolarermaterialwhicharewidelyappliedinindustrialoperationsHowever,afewstudi..[l--3]reportedtheintraparticlediffusivityofporousionexchangers.Theionexchangedisplacementprocessonporousresinbedforseparationofrareearthsistheoneofthebestwaystoenhancetheeffectivityofthismethod.TounderstandthediffusionoftheionintheresinisveryavailablefolimproVingtheprocess.EXPERIMENTAL1.Pre--experimentsAllthereagentsusedareA.R.grade.152'154Euisusedasaradiot… 相似文献
10.
Bryntesson LM 《Journal of chromatography. A》2002,945(1-2):103-115
A pore network model is presented, that is a geometrical simplification of a porous medium. The network consists of pore chambers interconnected by pore throats. A recursive algorithm for the simulation of mercury intrusion porosimetry in the network is presented. Calculations indicate that it is possible to fit simulated mercury intrusion data to experimental data, and thereby obtain parameters of the pore size distribution and pore topology (pore connectivity). A time-dependent material balance equation for diffusion on the pore level is set up and solved for the pore network. By calculating the concentration evolution in the network, the transient diffusivity and the steady-state diffusivity are found. When the network is well connected, those two diffusivities are equal, but for poorly-connected networks they differ. For migrating solutes that are non-negligibly small compared to the pore throats, considerable differences between the transient and steady-state diffusivities were found. 相似文献
11.
Bao‐Guo Wang Takeo Yamaguchi Shin‐Ichi Nakao 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2000,38(1):171-181
The filling‐type membrane is composed of grafted polymer and solvent‐resistant substrate; the calculation of solubility, diffusivity and swelling‐suppression effect by the substrate permits the prediction of solvent permeability. As noted in our previous article, the use of this approach, called membrane design, resulted in accurate prediction of the permeability of aromatic compounds. In this study, the influence of hydrogen bonding on solubility and diffusivity is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The solubility of chloroform and dichloromethane in poly(acrylate)s increases, and their diffusivity decreases, compared with that estimated without considering the hydrogen‐bonding effect. Solubilities predicted by the lattice‐fluid hydrogen‐bonding (LFHB) model show good agreement with the results of vapor sorption. Comparison of diffusion coefficients measured by vapor permeation with those predicted from free volume theory reveals that the decrease of solvent diffusion coefficient is approximately proportional to the fraction of associated molecules. Fluxes of chloroform and dichloromethane were measured by vapor permeation experiments through filling‐type acrylate membranes, and predictions agree well with experiments. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 171–181, 2000 相似文献
12.
Kazukiyo Nagai Akihito Sugawara Shingo Kazama Benny D. Freeman 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(12):2407-2418
The effects of physical aging on the solubility, diffusivity, and permeability of propane and n-butane in a hydrocarbon-based disubstituted polyacetylene, poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) (PMP), were studied. As the relative pressure of propane and n-butane increased, the solubility of both hydrocarbons increased. Like other glassy polymers, the sorption isotherms for propane and n-butane in all PMP films were concave to the relative pressure axis, indicating dual-mode sorption behavior. The diffusion of propane and n-butane in PMP followed typical Fickian diffusion in a plane sheet. The propane diffusivity in both the unaged and aged films increased with increasing concentration of propane sorbed in the film. The n-butane diffusivity in aged films also increased with increasing n-butane concentration. However, unaged films showed the opposite behavior: the diffusivity decreased with increasing n-butane concentration. These diffusion phenomena are a consequence of the interplay between thermodynamic and mobility factors. The permeabilities of propane and n-butane decreased monotonically with increasing penetrant concentration, similar to the behavior observed in other common glassy polymers. The relaxation of the nonequilibrium excess free volume in PMP films induced the decrease in both solubility and diffusivity. As a result, the permeability of propane and n-butane in PMP decreased upon physical aging. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2407–2418, 2004 相似文献
13.
Vesna Bacheva Dr. Federico Paratore Dr. Shimon Rubin Dr. Govind V. Kaigala Prof. Moran Bercovici 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(31):12994-12999
We present a new concept for on-chip separation that leverages bidirectional flow, to tune the dispersion regime of molecules and particles. The system can be configured so that low diffusivity species experience a ballistic transport regime and are advected through the chamber, whereas high diffusivity species experience a diffusion dominated regime with zero average velocity and are retained in the chamber. We detail the means of achieving bidirectional electroosmotic flow using an array of alternating current (AC) field-effect electrodes, experimentally demonstrate the separation of particles and antibodies from dyes, and present a theoretical analysis of the system, providing engineering guidelines for its design and operation. 相似文献
14.
Betty Wong Zhiyi Zhang Y. Paul Handa 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1998,36(12):2025-2032
An in situ gravimetric technique, employing an electrobalance, is described for determining the solubility and diffusivity of gases in polymers over extended ranges of temperature and pressure. Solubilities of CO2 in polystyrene at 35°C were measured as a test case; the results are in excellent agreement with the literature values determined by the pressure decay method. Solubility and diffusivity results are also reported for PVC-CO2 at 35°C and for PS-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane at 30, 90, and 120°C. A comparison with other studies shows the in situ method to be more efficient and precise than the ones based on weighing the gas-saturated polymer under ambient conditions. The kinetics of gas sorption were analyzed in terms of two data reduction techniques to derive diffusion coefficients. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 2025–2032, 1998 相似文献
15.
Vesna Bacheva Federico Paratore Shimon Rubin Govind V. Kaigala Moran Bercovici 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(31):12894-12899
We present a new concept for on‐chip separation that leverages bidirectional flow, to tune the dispersion regime of molecules and particles. The system can be configured so that low diffusivity species experience a ballistic transport regime and are advected through the chamber, whereas high diffusivity species experience a diffusion dominated regime with zero average velocity and are retained in the chamber. We detail the means of achieving bidirectional electroosmotic flow using an array of alternating current (AC) field‐effect electrodes, experimentally demonstrate the separation of particles and antibodies from dyes, and present a theoretical analysis of the system, providing engineering guidelines for its design and operation. 相似文献
16.
Impact of Taylor‐Aris diffusivity on analyte and system zone dispersion in CZE assessed by computer simulation and experimental validation
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Application of pressure‐driven laminar flow has an impact on zone and boundary dispersion in open tubular CE. The GENTRANS dynamic simulator for electrophoresis was extended with Taylor‐Aris diffusivity which accounts for dispersion due to the parabolic flow profile associated with pressure‐driven flow. Effective diffusivity of analyte and system zones as functions of the capillary diameter and the amount of flow in comparison to molecular diffusion alone were studied for configurations with concomitant action of imposed hydrodynamic flow and electroosmosis. For selected examples under realistic experimental conditions, simulation data are compared with those monitored experimentally using modular CE setups featuring both capacitively coupled contactless conductivity and UV absorbance detection along a 50 μm id fused‐silica capillary of 90 cm total length. The data presented indicate that inclusion of flow profile based Taylor‐Aris diffusivity provides realistic simulation data for analyte and system peaks, particularly those monitored in CE with conductivity detection. 相似文献
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18.
M. Dvoyashkin E. E. Romanova W.-D. Einicke R. Gläser J. Kärger R. Valiullin 《Adsorption》2011,17(1):93-99
Diffusion of cyclohexane in mesoporous silica materials with different degrees of surface silanization has been probed by
means of pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance. The self-diffusion coefficients have been measured at various pore
fillings from about 10% of one monolayer coverage to complete pore saturation by the capillary-condensed phase. It is found
that the surface modification, namely grafting of dimethyloctadecylmethoxysilane molecules to the silica surface, reduces
diffusivities of guest molecules as compared to the native sample. The contribution of the Knudsen molecular diffusion to
the measured diffusivity has been assessed using the model of fast molecular exchange between the adsorbed phase on the pore
walls and the molecules in the gaseous phase in the pore interior. The diffusivity data were correlated with the degree of
the surface modification, with the latter being probed by measuring 1H and 13C spectra using magic angle spinning (MAS) solid state NMR, nitrogen adsorption and thermogravimetry. 相似文献
19.
Langford JF Schure MR Yao Y Maloney SF Lenhoff AM 《Journal of chromatography. A》2006,1126(1-2):95-106
Two computational approaches, namely Brownian dynamics and network modeling, are presented for predicting effective diffusion coefficients of probes of different sizes in three chromatographic adsorbents, the structural properties of which were determined previously using electron tomography. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the adsorbents provide detailed, explicit characteristics of the pore network, so that no assumptions have to be made regarding pore properties such as connectivity, pore radius and pore length. The diffusivity predictions obtained from the two modeling approaches were compared to experimental diffusivities measured for dextran and protein probes. Both computational methods captured the same qualitative results, while their predictive capabilities varied among adsorbents. 相似文献
20.
用同位素交换法研究了Eu3+离子在D72和D751树脂内的扩散过程.应用分步孔道扩散方程将粒内有效扩散系数De分解为孔道扩散系数Dp和固相扩散系数Dg,表明该方程可用于描述多孔树脂内的动力学过程.实验表明,De、Dp、Dg均随反应温度的升高而增大.计算了实验条件下的Eu3+的自扩散活化能;D72树脂的Dp和Dg对温度的响应比D751树脂大,其De、Dp、Dg值亦均大于D751树脂;Eu3+在溶液中的自扩散系数Ds>Dp,说明离子在树脂孔道内的自扩散不能完全等同于其在溶液中的自扩散. 相似文献