Bayesian estimation of keyword confidence in Chinese Continuous speech recognition

In a syllable-based speaker-independent Chinese continuous speech recognition system based on classical Hidden Markov Model(HMM),a Bayesian approach of keyword confidence estimation is studied,which utilizes both acoustic layer scores and syllable-based statistical language model(LM) score.The Maximum a posteriori(MAP) confidence measure is proposed,and the forward-backward algorithm calculating the MAP confidence scores is deduced.The performance of the MAP confidence measure is evaluated in keyword spotting application and the experiment results show that the MAP confidence scores provide high discriminability for keyword candidates.Furthermore,the MAP confidence measure can be applied to various speech recognition applications.     

Reorientation of Defect Dipoles in Ferroelectric Ceramics

We investigate the frequency, temperature, tetragonality and quenched temperature dependences of the hysteresis loops in Pb[(Zr0.52 Ti0.48)0.95 (Mn1/3Nb2/3)0.05]O3 (PMnN-PZT) ceramics. It has been demonstrated that the polarization-field hysteresis curves show “pinched” shapes when tested at room temperature, higher frequency or using the large-tetragonality specimen. While normal square-like loops are observed at 200℃ and 0.01 Hz or using the small-tetragonality one. Meanwhile, close relations between the P-E loops and the applied frequency,temperature or tetragonality reveal that there exists a typical relaxation time corresponding to the reorientation of the defect dipoles. It can be seen further from the quenched temperature dependences of the loops that the reorientation of the defect dipoles may influence the pinching. Compared to the intrinsic depinning procedure induced by changes of the distribution of defect dipoles, we provide new evidence for extrinsic depinning mechanism of the defect dipoles in the ferroelectric ceramics.     

Polarized Emission of an Eu^3＋ Doped Azo-Polymer Waveguide

We investigate the polarized emission behaviour of an Eu^3 doped azo-polymer waveguide. Affected by the azobenzene groups in the photoinduced orientation process by the 532nm linearly polarized laser, the ligands were realigned orderly perpendicular to the direction of the orientation direction. This leads to the polarized absorption and emission of the waveguide in the orientation direction. By an m-line apparatus based on the prism coupling technique, two guided propagation modes were observed in the waveguide, and the refractive index at 650hm in TE polarizations is 1. 7505.     

Abnormal Energy Dependence of Photoluminescence Decay Time in InGaN Epilayer

We employ photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL to study exciton localization effect in InGaN epilayers.By measuring the exciton decay time as a function of the monitored emission energy at different temperatures,we have found unusual behaviour of the energy dependence in the PL decay process. At low temperature, the measured PL decay time increases with the emission energy. It decreases with the emission energy at 200K, and remains nearly constant at the intermediate temperature of 12OK. We have studied the dot size effect on the radiative recombination time by calculating the temperature dependence of the exciton recombination lifetime in quantum dots, and have found that the observed behaviour can be well correlated to the exciton localization in quantum dots. This suggestion is further supported by steady state PL results.     

A New Method for Determining Dipole Moment Orientation of Single Molecules

A new imaging method is proposed to determine the three-dimensional dipole moment orientation of single fluorophore. Far-field microscopy can provide orientational information projected in the sample plane, while total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) can offer the knowledge perpendicular to the surface because longitudinal electric-field components can be generated in total internal reflection geometry. By comparing fluorescence intensities measured with far-field epi-fluorescence microscopy and TIRFM, the exact information of single-fluorescent-molecule orientation is extracted. Detailed analysis of the method is given with a numerical example.     

Strong Surface Diffusion Mediated Glancing-Angle Deposition： Growth, Recrystallization and Reorientation of Tin Nanorods

Different from usual glancing-angle deposition where low surface diffusion is necessary to form nanorods, strong surface diffusion mediated glancing-angle deposition is exemplified by growing tin nanorod films on both silicon and glass substrates simultaneously via thermal evaporation. During growth, the nanorods were simultaneously baked by the high-temperature evaporator, and therefore re-crystallized into single crystals in consequence of strong surface diffusion. The monocrystalline tin nanorods have a preferred orientation perpendicular to the substrate surface, which is quite different from the usual uniformly oblique nanorods without recrystallization.     

Comment on “A New Method for Determining Dipole Moment Orientation of Single Molecules”

In a recent issue of Chinese Physics Letters, Wang et al. proposed a method for determining orientation of transit‘ion dipole moments of single molecules. The suggested method is based on differences in electric field profile in fluorescence microscope produced by excitation light in epi-fluorescence illumination and total internal reflection illumination configurations,     

Research on atmospheric refraction correction of airborne electro-optical system target location北大核心CSCD

目标定位精度是评判机载光电系统性能的一项重要指标。对于高空机载光电系统,目标定位精度除受传感器、测距仪、载荷平台稳定精度、飞行平台稳定精度和位置精度等综合因素影响外,还受大气折射的影响,对于高空机载光电系统远距离对地观测,大气折射对目标定位的影响尤为严重。该文从大气折射对目标定位的影响机理出发,给出大气模型,分析大气折射的影响因素,并基于介于圆球体和参考旋转椭球体之间的地球模型给出了大气折射误差模型;基于该文提出的近似参考旋转椭球体地球模型,仿真分析了大气折射对目标定位的影响结果。分析结果对于机载光电系统远距离目标定位大气折射修正具有重要指导意义。     

Reply to “Comment on ‘A New Method for Determining Dipole Moment Orientation of Single Molecules＇”

Vacha et al. made a comment on our paper,in which our paper is compared with another paper oftheirs.     

针对周期偏移声信标的广义二阶时延差水声定位模型

针对具有周期偏移的声信标定位问题,提出了一种广义二阶时延差水声定位模型。将传统二阶时延差拓展至不需要等周期间隔选取定位节点的广义情况,从而进一步提高定位精度;同时,引入松弛算法实现定位节点的最优化,并引入密度聚类算法以提高输入时延野值的鲁棒性。仿真及湖试数据处理结果表明,该模型相对于传统时延差模型或二阶时延差模型具有更高的定位精度。所提模型实现了针对周期漂移声信标的高精度定位,典型使用场景下的定位精度可达到3 m。     

一种水下三维被动定位技术

本文给出了一种三维被动定位方法。该方法利用三元水平阵和二元垂直阵实现对目标的三维定位。由三元水平阵首先求得目标斜距和目标方位,在此基础上利用垂直阵估计目标深度坐标,最后综合已有测量结果来求解目标水平坐标。本文还通过仿真分析了该方法的定位性能。     

空气中被动声定位系统定位精度分析

本文对影响被声定位系统定位精度的几种因素进行了比较全面及深入的分析。推导出了测时差定位系统在均匀煤质和非均匀媒质中一些因素对定位精度影响的公式；给出了误差曲线；得出了一些有益的结论并提出了提高定位精度的几种方法。     

指示光源衍射所引起的位置敏感探测器附加定位误差探讨

介绍位置敏感探测器工作原理,分析了其自动取光斑重心的定位机理。概括了位置敏感探测器的各种工作方式,指出了在许多位置敏感探测器的应用场合,光源衍射不可避免,并从理论上分析了因衍射而造成的对位置第三探测器定位的影响,为估算由此造成的定位误差提供了理论依据,同时对工程应用也有一定的参考价值。     

大型设备中金属跌落零件的声学定位问题研究

针对金属跌落零碰金属板产生的冲击信号，比较了时域初始过零点法和能量比法两种时间延心估计方法。     

微地震监测技术研究进展——震源成像的相对定位法*

微地震监测技术是利用岩石破裂位置的时空分布对地下裂缝进行成像和分析,因此,震源定位是微地震资料处理中最基础和最重要的内容。该文首先介绍了微地震定位方法的研究现状,特别是近年来相对定位法在微地震定位应用中的研究进展。然后,详细阐述了两种波形叠加类相对定位方法的原理,并结合实际矿山微地震数据分析了两种方法的成像分辨率特征、计算效率和定位结果,验证了该文研究方法的可行性。最后,对波形叠加类定位方法及微地震监测技术的发展方向进行了讨论和展望。     

基于可见光通信的室内两点定位算法研究

针对可见光通信中基于接收信号强度的三边定位法在实际中难以应用的现状,提出一种基于可见光通信的室内两点定位模型,只需2个LED,能够克服定位需要多灯环境的限制,同时定位接收端结构简单,不需以往研究中的复杂设计,只在平面上配置3个光电探测器即可。利用收发两端的位置关系计算坐标的可能解,以光电探测器组合成的三角形具有相对位置不变的性质作为判据,判断出真实坐标完成单点定位,最后进行加权定位提升鲁棒性。不降噪处理时,大小适中的接收端在5m×3m×3m的室内环境中,55%以上区域的定位精度在25cm以内,同时能够有效克服接收端水平旋转或上下抖动对定位效果的影响,具备实际应用价值。     

机载光电系统的目标定位研究

为了解决光电系统的目标定位问题,提出了一种机载光电系统的自主定位方法.利用齐次坐标变换方法推导了机载光电目标从光电平台极坐标系到WGS-84大地坐标系的转换方程;采用工程实例进行了机载光电系统的目标定位误差分析.分析结果表明,该方法可以减小定位误差,获得较高的定位精度,满足对海上或陆上目标定位的需求.该方法实现简单,具...     

三维空间凸透镜成像坐标定位法

通过深入探究空间点和线段的凸透镜成像规律, 概括总结创建出一新的成像方法“ 凸透镜成像坐标定 位法” . 突破解决了传统几何光学“ 透镜成像作图法”所无法解决的一些难题, 可精确定位每一像点在坐标系中的位 置以及物体凸透镜成像的形状, 画出三维空间物体跨越焦平面时的立体发散图像. 举例阐明了“ 凸透镜成像坐标定 位法”的作图要点及注意事项     

空气声被动定位的误差分析

本文讨论了了空气中声被动定位系统的误差来源,给出了相应的误差公式,并分析了各种误差对测向及测距精度的影响,为确定和提高被动声定位系统的精度提供了有价值的参考数据。