不同约束条件对深海采矿输送管道动力学的影响

针对深海采矿系统长距离垂直输送管道顶端不同约束条件对复杂流固耦合振动特性的影响,采用基于双向流固耦合的模态分析方法,重点研究了铰接约束和弹性约束对管道固有频率及振型的影响;结合模态分析结果以及管道外壁所受应力和变形情况,对弹性约束管道进行谐响应分析,并根据分析结果对结构进行了优化设计。研究表明：对比两种约束条件模态分析结果,弹性约束管道固有频率最大、振幅最小,且振型最为简单,实际工程中管道顶端选用弹性约束最合适;当激励频率处于第7阶固有频率附近时,管道的振动响应最为激烈;通过增焊强环圈的方法对输送管道进行优化,对比优化前后模态分析结果,证明了优化的可行性。     

基于数值分析的模态阻尼系数获取方法

结构模态阻尼系数是影响振动疲劳特性的主要因素,获取模态阻尼系数对于结构振动疲劳的分析和仿真计算有重要作用,对于揭示金属材料振动疲劳损伤形成机理有直接意义。本研究针对2024-O铝合金,进行了大量的元件级试件的振动疲劳仿真分析、试验研究以及数值分析计算,并提出了一种基于数值分析的快速获取结构模态阻尼系数的方法,适合于获取试验件振动疲劳试验过程中的模态阻尼系数变化趋势。研究表明:在不中断试件疲劳试验的情况下,本文方法可以快速准确地得到试验件在整个振动疲劳历程中的模态阻尼系数,固有频率的相对偏差小于0.06%,模态阻尼系数的相对偏差小于1%。为进一步揭示金属材料振动疲劳损伤的形成机理奠定了基础。     

输液曲管平面内振动的波动方法研究

采用Flügge曲梁模拟弯曲管道,推导了管内流体的加速度,在总体轴线不可伸长假定的基础上建立了曲管平面内振动的动力学方程;采用波动方法,获得了曲管内振动波的传播和反射矩阵,提出了计算曲管平面内振动固有频率的数值方法。算例分析中,通过计算两端固定半圆形曲管的临界流速并与已有文献结果对比,验证了本文方法的正确性。最后,计算了两端固定半圆形曲管在四种不同流速下的前四阶固有频率,结果表明,管内流速的增大会降低管道的固有频率,当流速增大到某一特定值时,管道的一阶固有频率消失。     

风机塔筒结构横向振动特性的快速计算方法

本文提出了一种风机塔筒结构横向振动特性的快速计算方法．将机舱和叶片整体、连接法兰盘分别简化为集中质量,塔筒简化为非均匀悬臂梁,建立风机塔筒结构横向振动方程．给出了用假设模态法计算塔筒结构固有频率和模态函数的过程．通过与文献及有限元数值结果比较验证了方法的有效性．本文方法仅需给出结构的基本参数,如截面半径变化规律、法兰盘位置和质量、机舱及叶片质量,便可快速求解其频率和模态,无需建立其复杂的力学模型．     

THERMOELASTIC VIBRATION OF FLUID-CONVEYING MICROTUBES EMBEDDED IN ELASTIC MEDIUMS

研究热环境中被弹性介质包围的微米输流管道的横向振动问题. 根据Hamilton 原理及非线性热弹性理论建立管道横向振动控制方程,并利用复模态法对其进行求解,得到了系统的固有频率和屈曲失稳临界流速,讨论了环境温度和一些重要系统参数对管道振动特性的影响. 研究结果表明:环境温度变化、管道和流体的微尺度效应、管道外径及弹性介质刚度对输流微管道固有频率和临界流速都有很大影响.     

两端弹性支承输流管道固有特性研究

输流管道广泛应用于航天航空、石油化工、海洋等重要的工程领域, 其振动特性尤其是系统固有特性一直是国内外学者研究的热点问题. 本文研究了两端弹性支承输流管道横向振动的固有特性, 尤其是在非对称弹性支承下的系统固有特性. 使用哈密顿原理得到了输流管道的控制方程及边界条件, 通过复模态法得到了静态管道的模态函数, 以其作为伽辽金法的势函数和权函数对线性派生系统控制方程进行截断处理. 分析了两端对称支承刚度、两端非对称支承刚度、管道长度以及流体质量比对系统固有频率的影响规律, 重点讨论了管道两端可能形成的非对称支承条件下固有频率的变化规律. 结果表明, 较大的对称支承刚度下管道的第一阶固有频率下降较快; 当管道两端支承刚度变化时, 管道的各阶固有频率在两端支承刚度相等时取得最值; 对于两端非对称支承的管道而言, 两端支承刚度越接近, 第一阶固有频率下降的越快, 而且相应的临界流速越小; 流体的流速越大, 其对两端非对称弹簧支承的管道固有频率的影响更为明显.      

有多阶固有频率要求的组合结构设计

在各子结构的振动固有特性（固有频率、振型）已知下，通过设计子结构间的连接元件，使得组合结构的多阶固有频率得到满足。在组合结构动力重分析中，以各子结构的剩余附着模态作为其保留模态的补充，进行模态缩减，保证了计算的精度，提高了计算速度。对具有刚体模态的子结构采取了移频处理技术。文中给出的两个设计计算实例，表明了本文方法的有效性。     

六面体柔性桁架多体结构的模态测试实验研究

采用半正弦冲击波形，通过内力激振的方法对六面体空间柔性格架结构进行了模态实验研究，得到了系统的前四阶固有频率和模态振型。比较实验结果与理论计算结果，二者能够很好的吻合，验证了理论计算方法的正确性。实验结果表明采用内力激振的方法能够有效的激起结构的固有频率，所得的振动参数可为下一步空间柔性格架振动主动控制提供直接依据。     

U型充液管道的流固耦合分析

基于流固耦合原理,在ADINA软件中建立了U型充液管道的有限元模型,对其进行了流固耦合模态分析,研究了壁厚对管道固有频率的影响;并对简支U型管道的充液过程进行了数值仿真,研究了充液加速度和壁厚对管道位移及应力的影响。结果表明:随着模态阶数的增加,管道的固有频率逐渐增大;在无耦合时计算的管道固有频率大于流固耦合状态时的结果,管道固有频率随壁厚的增加呈非线性增加;在充液过程中U型管道的最大应力出现在弯头处;在充液过程中管道的位移与应力随充液加速度的增大而增大,随壁厚的增大而减小;但无论充液加速度多大,充液后管道的最终位移基本相同。     

输液管道附加支承刚度优化设计

研究液固耦合效应作用下,两端铰支输液管道系统附加支承的刚度和位置优化设计。应用有限元分析方法,建立了输液管道液固耦合振动方程。为有效控制管道结构的振动,利用在管道结构上附(增)加支承的方法,提高输液管道系统的固有频率,预防系统可能发生强烈的耦合振动导致不稳定状态。提出了附加支承最小(临界)刚度的快速计算策略和途径,分别探讨分析了输液管道内液体的流速、附加支承的位置以及第一阶固有频率的目标值对最优支承刚度值的影响。     

Analytical test functions for free vibration analysis of rotating non-homogeneous Timoshenko beams

In this paper, the governing equations for free vibration of a non-homogeneous rotating Timoshenko beam, having uniform cross-section, is studied using an inverse problem approach, for both cantilever and pinned-free boundary conditions. The bending displacement and the rotation due to bending are assumed to be simple polynomials which satisfy all four boundary conditions. It is found that for certain polynomial variations of the material mass density, elastic modulus and shear modulus, along the length of the beam, the assumed polynomials serve as simple closed form solutions to the coupled second order governing differential equations with variable coefficients. It is found that there are an infinite number of analytical polynomial functions possible for material mass density, shear modulus and elastic modulus distributions, which share the same frequency and mode shape for a particular mode. The derived results are intended to serve as benchmark solutions for testing approximate or numerical methods used for the vibration analysis of rotating non-homogeneous Timoshenko beams.     

辽西风积土动剪切模量与阻尼比特性试验研究

研究辽西风积土的动力特性离不开其动剪切模量与阻尼比这两个最基本的参数. 通过一系列动三轴试验, 分析了围压、固结比、振动频率对原状风积土的动剪切模量与阻尼比的影响情况, 并探讨了其产生的机理. 通过试验数据分析表明, 风积土的动剪切模量随围压的增大而增大, 但阻尼比随围压的增大而减小; 动剪切模量随固结比的增大而增大, 阻尼比随固结比的增大而减小; 动剪切模量和阻尼比均随振动频率的增大而增大, 但影响较小, 不如前两个因素明显.     

Structural vibration of flexural beams with thick unconstrained layer damping

In this paper, the dynamic behaviour of free layer damping beams with thick viscoelastic layer is analysed. A homogenised model for the flexural stiffness is formulated employing Reddy and Bickford’s quadratic shear in each layer, in contrast to the classical model of Oberst and Frankenfeld for thin beams, which does not take into account shear deformations. The results provided by these two models in free and forced vibration are compared by means of finite element procedures with those of a 2D model, which considers extensional and shear stress, and longitudinal, transverse and rotational inertias.The viscoelastic material is characterised by a fractional derivative model, which takes into consideration the variation of the complex modulus with frequency. To avoid the frequency dependence of the stiffness matrices, the extraction of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors is completed by a new iterative method developed by the authors. The frequency response to a harmonic force is deduced by the superposition of modal contribution functions.From these numerical applications it can be concluded that the model for thick beams provides sufficient accuracy for practical applications, able to reproduce the mechanical behaviour of free layer damping beams with thick viscoelastic layer, reducing the storage needs and computational time with respect to a 2D model.     

Dynamic and buckling analysis of polymer hybrid composite beam with variable thickness

This work deals with a study of the dynamic and buckling analysis of polymer hybrid composite(PHC) beam. The beam has variable thickness and is reinforced by carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and nanoclay(NC) simultaneously. The governing equations are derived based on the first shear deformation theory(FSDT). A three-phase HalpinTsai approach is used to predict the mechanical properties of the PHC. We focus our attention on the effect of the simultaneous addition of NC and CNT on the vibration and buckling analysis of the PHC beam with variable thickness. Also a comparison study is done on the sensation of three impressive parameters including CNT, NC weight fractions, and the shape factor of fillers on the mechanical properties of PHC beams,as well as fundamental frequencies of free vibrations and critical buckling load. The results show that the increase of shape factor value, NC, and CNT weight fractions leads to considerable reinforcement in mechanical properties as well as increase of the dimensionless fundamental frequency and buckling load. The variation of CNT weight fraction on elastic modulus is more sensitive rather than shear modulus but the effect of NC weight fraction on elastic and shear moduli is fairly the same. The shape factor values more than the medium level do not affect the mechanical properties.     

Surface stress effect on the vibration and instability of nanoscale pipes conveying fluid based on a size-dependent Timoshenko beam model

Presented in this paper is a precise investigation of the effect of surface stress on the vibration characteristics and instability of fluid-conveying nanoscale pipes.To this end,the nanoscale pipe is modeled as a Timoshenko nanobeam.The equations of motion of the nanoscale pipe are obtained based on Hamilton's principle and the Gurtin-Murdoch continuum elasticity incorporating the surface stress effect.Afterwards,the generalized differential quadrature method is employed to discretize the governing equations and associated boundary conditions.To what extent important parameters such as the thickness,material and surface stress modulus,residual surface stress,surface density,and boundary conditions influence the natural frequency of nanoscale pipes and the critical velocity of fluid is discussed.     

Nonlinear free vibration of reticulated shallow spherical shells taking into account transverse shear deformation

This paper deals with nonlinear free vibration of reticulated shallow spherical shells taking into account the effect of transverse shear deformation. The shell is formed by beam members placed in two orthogonal directions. The nondimensional fundamental governing equations in terms of the deflection, rotational angle, and force function are presented, and the solution for the nonlinear free frequency is derived by using the asymptotic iteration method. The asymptotic solution can be used readily to perform the parameter analysis of such space structures with numerous geometrical and material parameters. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the characteristic amplitude-frequency relation and softening and hardening nonlinear behaviors as well as the effect of transverse shear on the linear and nonlinear frequencies of reticulated shells and plates.     

Free vibration of axially loaded thin-walled composite Timoshenko beams

Based on shear-deformable beam theory, free vibration of thin-walled composite Timoshenko beams with arbitrary layups under a constant axial force is presented. This model accounts for all the structural coupling coming from material anisotropy. Governing equations for flexural-torsional-shearing coupled vibrations are derived from Hamilton’s principle. The resulting coupling is referred to as sixfold coupled vibrations. A displacement-based one-dimensional finite element model is developed to solve the problem. Numerical results are obtained for thin-walled composite beams to investigate the effects of shear deformation, axial force, fiber angle, modulus ratio on the natural frequencies, corresponding vibration mode shapes and load–frequency interaction curves.     

求解任意形状厚板自由振动的微分容积法

用一种新型的数值方法－微分容积法求解具有任意形状的厚板自由振动问题。该方法的基本思想是将任意一个线性微分算子对函数的作用值如一个连续函数或其任意阶偏导数、或其线性组合在某点处的值表示为域内各点函数值的线性加权组合，如此可将问题的控制方程和边界条件离散成为一组线性齐次代数方程。这是一典型的特征值问题，其特征值可用子空间迭代法求解。文中给出了详细的计算公式，用一些数值算例说明了该方法求解中厚板自由振动问题的可行性、有效性和通用性，并通过与有关文献比较验证了该方法的数值精度。     

APPROXIMATE THEORY AND ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR DYNAMIC CALCULATION OF VISCOELASTIC LAYERED PERIODIC PLATE

由于周期性隔振结构动力计算中较少考虑轨道交通载荷及材料黏弹性,因此,本文以黏弹性层状周期板为研究对象,提出了垂向移动简谐载荷下,可以考虑材料黏弹性及板内横向剪切变形的黏弹性层状周期板动力计算近似理论并给出解析解答.设板中性面的横向剪切变形为横截面的整体剪切变形,利用Reissner-Mindlin假设及提出的剪切变形补充计算条件,得到了中性面法线转角与中性面剪应力的关系.基于平衡方程和应力连续条件,建立了黏弹性层状周期板振动控制方程,推导了对边简支对边自由条件下,板垂向位移的简化Fourier级数形式解.与经典层合板模型和有限元计算结果进行了比较,验证了本文解答的有效性.结果表明：（1）黏弹性层状周期板可以显著降低单一材料板在自振频率处的振动响应,但会引起局部低频频段的振动放大;（2）板的垂向位移随着载荷速度的增大而增大,当载荷速度超过300 km/h后,其对板振动响应的影响减弱;（3）黏弹性层剪切模量存在最佳设计值,可使结构的隔振性能最佳;（4）黏弹性层的阻尼特性在低频范围内对结构振动影响较小;（5）可在满足工程实际的情况下适当增加板长,以提高结构的隔振性能.     

Influence of excitation amplitude on the characteristics of nonlinear butyl rubber isolators

The purpose of this study is to explore the advantages and characteristics of nonlinear butyl rubber (type IIR) isolators in vibratory shear by comparison with linear isolators. It is known that the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials exhibit significant frequency and temperature dependence, and in some cases, nonlinear dynamic behavior as well. Nonlinear characteristics in shear deformation are reflected in mechanical properties such as stiffness and damping. Furthermore, even when the excitation amplitude is small the response amplitude may often be large enough that nonlinearities cannot be ignored. The treatment involves developing phenomenological models of the effective storage modulus and effective loss factor of a rubber isolator material as a function of excitation amplitude. The transmissibility of a nonlinear viscoelastic isolator is compared with that of a linear isolator using an equivalent linear damping coefficient. Forced resonance vibration and impedance tests are used to characterize nonlinear parameters and to measure the normalized transmissibility. It is found that as the excitation amplitude of the nonlinear viscoelastic isolator increases, the response amplitude decreases and the transmissibility is improved over that of the linear isolator for excitation frequency that exceeds a particular value governed by the temperature and excitation amplitude. The method of multiple scales and numerical simulations are used to predict the response characteristics of the isolator based on the phenomenological modeling under different values of system parameters.