Novel Bi/BiOBr/AgBr composite microspheres: Ion exchange synthesis and photocatalytic performance

Novel Bi/BiOBr/AgBr composite microspheres were prepared by a rational in situ ion exchange reaction between Bi/BiOBr microspheres and AgNO₃. The characteristic of the as-obtained ternary microspheres was tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL). Under visible light irradiation, Bi/BiOBr/AgBr microspheres exhibited an excellent photocatalytic efficiency for rhodamine B (RhB) degradation, which was about 1.4 and 4.9 times as high as that of Bi/BiOBr and BiOBr/AgBr, demonstrating that the highest separation efficiency of charge carriers in the heterostructured Bi/BiOBr/AgBr. The photocatalytic activity of Bi/BiOBr/AgBr microspheres just exhibited a slight decrease after three consecutive cycles. The photocatalytic mechanism investigation confirmed that the superoxide radicals (O₂^•−) were the dominant reactive oxygen species for RhB degradation in Bi/BiOBr/AgBr suspension.     

Constructing recyclable photocatalytic BiOBr/Ag nanowires/cotton fabric for efficient dye degradation under visible light

In this study, a highly-efficient photocatalytic and recyclable BiOBr/Ag nanowires (AgNW)/cotton fabric (CF) composite was fabricated by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) for rapid treatment of dye wastewater. The integration of AgNW and BiOBr aims to establish a channel for faster and easier charge transfer to enhance the photocatalytic performance. The chemical structure and morphology of BiOBr/AgNW/CF, as well as its photo-degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light radiation were explored. Results reveal that BiOBr/AgNW/CF exhibits remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity over BiOBr/CF, which degrades 97 % of RhB within 90 min. BiOBr/AgNW/CF still maintains 88 % of photocatalytic degradation capacity after five reusing cycles due to the effective encapsulation of BiOBr that protects AgNW from oxidation. Photoluminescence, electron spin resonance, and free radical trapping experiments confirm that the separation efficiency of photo-generated electron-hole pairs plays an important role in improving photocatalytic performance. In all, this work exhibits great potential in the development of textile-based photocatalytic materials that integrates two significant merits, the high degradation efficiency and easy recovery.     

Photocatalytic property of a keggin-type polyoxometalates-containing bilayer system for degradation organic dye model

The photocatalytic activity composite films incorporating the Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POM) K₆CoW₁₂O₄₀·16H₂O and K₃PW₁₂O₄₀·nH₂O (MW₁₂ (M = P, Co)) and [Cu(II)(1,8-dimethyl-1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13-hexaazacycloteradecane)]²⁺(L) have been prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method. The experimental results show that the deposition process is linear and highly reproducible from layer to layer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the L/MW₁₂ composite films indicate that the film surface is relatively uniform and smooth. In addition, the films show high photocatalytic activity to the degradation of organic dye model (methyl orange (MO)), attributed to the formation of an O → W charge-transfer excited state at W–O–W bridge bond, resulting in generating highly reactive holes and electrons; The photocatalytic efficiency of the films have little change after several times of photocatalytic cycle, indicating that the composite films are stable, reused and recovered.     

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of carbon quantum dots/BiOBr composite and mechanism investigation

Novel CQDs/BiOBr composite photocatalysts are constructed via a simple hydrothermal synthesis and show superior activity in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.     

Plasmon-resonance-enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag quantum dots/TiO2 microspheres for methyl orange degradation

We successfully prepared Ag quantum dots modified TiO₂ microspheres by facile solvothermal and calcination method. The as-prepared Ag quantum dots/TiO₂ microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The Ag quantum dots/TiO₂ photocatalyst showed excellent visible light absorption and efficient photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation. And the sample with the molar ratio of 0.05 (Ag to Ti) showed the best visible light photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation, mainly because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects of Ag quantum dots to generate electron and hole pairs for enhanced visible light photocatalysis. Finally, possible visible light photocatalytic mechanism of Ag quantum dots/TiO₂ microspheres for methyl orange degradation was proposed in detail.     

Ultrasonic assisted synthesis of ZnO nanoflakes and photocatalytic activity evaluation for the degradation of methyl orange

In the present investigation, ZnO nanoflakes was prepared via sonochemical synthesis route. Effect of ultrasonic treatment time was studied based on structural, morphological and optical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the formation of wurtzite hexagonal crystalline structure of ZnO nanoflakes. Ultrasonic treatments affected the crystallite size and the density of dislocation, which is due to increased nucleation and growth rates of nanoflakes. The samples synthesized at 40–50 min ultrasonic treatment showed a strong absorption band at 605 and 650 (cm^?1) versus other treatments, which is an indication of 2D nanostructure (nanoflakes). FE-SEM analysis further confirms the formation of 2D nanostructures of the ZnO. The composition and purity was confirmed by the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, which displays the occurrence of Zn and O elements in the sample. Photocatalytic activity (PCA) of ZnO nanoflakes was studied for methyl orange (MO) dye degradation under UV light exposure and up to 93.13 % dye degradation is achieved within 90 min. Effect of various parameters (dye concentration, mass of photocatalytic material) and kinetic study was also performed. Results revealed that the ultrasonic treatment affected the optical and photocatalytic properties of the of ZnO nanoflakes, which could be employed for the remediation of dyes in textile effluents.     

溶剂对BiOBr结构和光催化降解RhB的影响

以水热法合成了不同形貌的BiOBr样品.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氮气吸附脱附曲线和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)研究溶剂对BiOBr样品的晶形、形貌、孔径分布和比表面积、光学性质的影响;以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物,研究溶剂对BiOBr的可见光催化性能的影响.实验结果表明,采用EG为溶剂的BiOBr在可见光降解RhB中表现出最佳的降解效果,因其较采用HNO_3、GL和PVP为溶剂的样品具有更高I_((001))/I_((102)),更小的禁带宽度和更均一的纳米片形貌.此外,阐述了溶剂对光催化降解RhB的影响机理.     

p-n异质结型光催化剂BiOBr/NaBiO3的制备与可见光催化活性

采用化学蚀刻法在NaBiO3表面利用HBr与NaBiO3的反应原位沉积BiOBr,制备了异质结型光催化剂.利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(UV-Vis DRS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对其相结构、微观形貌和光吸收性能进行了表征.光催化实验结果表明,BiOBr/NaBiO3在可见光下可以有效降解罗丹明B(RhB)溶液,当BiOBr与NaBiO3的摩尔比为40.1%时,BiOBr/NaBiO3具有最大催化活性.通过不同牺牲剂的加入及荧光实验结果推测了该异质结型材料光催化过程中光生载流子的传输方向及活性物种.研究结果表明,BiOBr/NaBiO3催化活性的增强主要归结为两者之间形成了有效的异质结,其内建电场能够促进光生载流子的分离,同时h+在光催化降解过程中是主要的活性物种.     

S掺杂BiOBr的制备及其光催化固氮性能研究

以硫脲、五水硝酸铋为前驱体,采用溶剂热法制备出S掺杂BiOBr光催化剂。利用XRD,SEM,XPS,UV-Vis DRS、光电化学性能等对所制备的光催化材料进行了一系列表征。同时,在可见光照射下对S掺杂BiOBr进行光催化固氮性能研究。结果表明：S掺杂BiOBr的晶体结构未发生改变,比表面积增大。同时,形成的氧空位有利于吸附、活化N2分子和促进光生载流子的迁移,进而提高其光催化固氮性能。与BiOBr相比,S掺杂BiOBr的光催化产氨为25.36 mg?L-1?h-1?g-1cat,是BiOBr的4.6倍。最后,经4次循环实验,S掺杂BiOBr催化剂仍保持稳定的固氮效率。     

NiFe2O4/g-C3N4 heterojunction composite with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

Spinel structure nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) photocatalyst NiFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ was synthesized by the coprecipitation route to enhance the photocatalytic activity for the visible-light driven degradation of methyl orange. The NiFe₂O₄ doping content is responsible for the microstructure and photocatalytic activity of NiFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ samples. Compared with pure NiFe₂O₄ and g-C₃N₄, the 2-NiFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ composite with NiFe₂O₄ doping of 2.0 wt% exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and superior stability after five runs for degrading methyl orange under visible light irradiation. The catalytic activity of 2-NiFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ sample produced using the coprecipitation route was higher than those of conventional 2-NiFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄ bulks prepared by the impregnation approach. The prepared samples for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. It’s ascribed to the synergistic effect between NiFe₂O₄ and g-C₃N₄, which can inhibit the recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs, accelerate photoproduced charges separation, and enhance the visible light absorption.     

Au/BiOBr/石墨烯复合物的制备及其苯酚降解光催化性能

采用水热法和多巴胺还原法制备了Bi OBr、Bi OBr/石墨烯和Au/Bi OBr/石墨烯光催化剂,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光光谱(PL)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)等方法表征其形貌、相结构、光谱吸收性质以及组成结构。在可见光照射下,通过对水相中苯酚的降解,考察了Au/Bi OBr/石墨烯复合光催化剂活性。结果表明,由于量子效率的提高、带隙能的降低(2.25 e V)以及Au表面等离子体共振,复合光催化剂表现出比纯Bi OBr更高的光催化活性,Au/Bi OBr/石墨烯复合物在180 min内对苯酚降解率可达到64%。     

BiOBr/HPW/Au的制备及其光催化性能的研究

采用水热法和光还原法制备了BiOBr/HPW/Au光催化剂。表征结果表明，BiOBr/HPW/Au光催化剂成功制备，在可见光照射下，BiOBr/HPW/Au具有良好的光催化降解罗丹明B活性，其一级反应动力学速率常数是BiOBr的3.55倍。捕获剂实验结果表明，该反应过程中主要的活性物种是·O₂^-，BiOBr/HPW/Au具有高光催化活性的主要因为是BiOBr、HPW和Au纳米粒子三者的相互作用，提高了BiOBr对可见光的吸收以及电子-空穴对的分离效率，进而提高BiOBr的可见光催化活性。     

BiOBr的可控制备及对废水中卡马西平的有效降解

以Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O为原料, 乙醇为介质, KBr和/或十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为溴源, 采用溶剂热法合成了不同结构和性能的BiOBr微纳米材料, 通过 X射线衍射仪(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 红外光谱仪(FTIR)、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)及比表面积和孔隙度分析仪对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, 溴源(KBr, CTAB)对BiOBr的结晶特性和形貌有重要影响, 其中采用双溴源且KBr与CTAB摩尔比为3∶7时制得的BiOBr(K∶C=3∶7)光催化剂在模拟太阳光下具有最优的光催化性能, 光照20 min后对废水中卡马西平的降解速率常数是以KBr为溴源制备的BiOBr(K)的4.10倍和以CTAB为溴源制备的BiOBr(C)的2.14倍. BiOBr(K∶C=3∶7)优异的光催化活性可归因于其高暴露的(110)晶面、 表面羟基、 疏松的片层状形貌及较大的比表面积和孔体积. 活性物种淬灭实验结果表明, BiOBr(K∶C=3∶7)的光催化活性主要源于光生空穴、 羟基自由基和电子.     

微波辅助离子热合成具有高光催化活性的BiOBr片层微米立方体

微波辅助离子热合成技术因其加热和反应速度快、反应时间短、产物选择性高、环保、节能等优点, 而广泛应用于纳米棒、纳米线和中空纳米微球等各种形貌功能材料的合成. BiOBr 光催化剂具有毒性低、光生空穴氧化能力强、光降解活性高等优点, 在光催化降解污染物方面研究非常广泛. 虽然各种形貌的 BiOBr 光催化剂可以通过传统的溶剂热法合成,但仍然需要开发绿色和高效节能的合成方法, 来设计新型结构和高光催化降解活性的 BiOBr 光催化剂. 本文首次报道了由微波辅助离子热自组装的方法合成新型结构的 BiOBr 微米立方体. 该 BiOBr 由规则的多层纳米片组成, 其通过在 Br-端表面上选择性吸附离子液体形成, 随后形成氢键的π-π堆叠. 结果显示 BiOBr 是由厚度小于 50 nm 的纳米片组装成为 4 μm 左右的纳米立方块. 其中 Bi:Br:O 摩尔比为 1:1:1, 表明生成纯化学计量比的 BiOBr, 且具有高结晶度的纯四方相. 我们通过添加不同的表面活性剂, 进一步确认氢键-co-π-π叠层在 BiOBr 片层立方块形成中的重要性.将 BiOBr 片层立方块研磨粉碎后其 BET 表面积为从 2.30 急剧增至 17.3 m2/g, 但其降解 RhB 活性却大幅度下降. 由于纳米片层的层间反射和散射, 有效地提升了 BiOBr 的可见光吸收, 光学带隙由 2.66 窄化为 2.56 eV, 因而具有高的可见光光降解活性和优异的稳定性及矿化能力. 光催化降解 180 min 后, 罗丹明 B 的转化率约为 99.57%, 而有机碳去除率高达12.24%; 对于磨碎的 BiOBr 罗丹明 B 的转化率和有机碳去除率分别为 68.68% 和 8.62%. 光催化反应前后的 BiOBr 中, Bi3+离子的 XPS 峰位置没有明显的变化, 进一步表明 BiOBr 光催化剂具有较高的稳定性. 这种具有高活性、优异的稳定性以及高矿化能力的 BiOBr, 在实际应用光催化降解染料废水和清洁能源方面显示出很好的潜力. 此外, 通过光催化反应过程中不同捕获剂的添加确定了光降解的主要活性物种. 当加入硝酸银溶液的时候, 由于光生电子快速被 Ag+离子捕获, 光降解活性明显下降. 活性物种的捕获实验表明, 光生电子为主要的活性物种.     

BiOBr/BiOI复合体的制备及可见光催化性能

以硝酸铋、碘化钾、溴化钠和聚乙二醇-400为主要原料,利用水热法制备出具有较小粒径的BiOBr/BiOI复合体,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射(DRS)等测试手段对样品的形貌、物相组成进行了表征。以罗丹明B为模拟污染物,研究了可见光下所制备样品的光催化性能。结果表明:BiOBr/BiOI复合体的光催化性能高于单一的BiOBr和BiOI,光照80 min后罗丹明B的降解效率可达95.6%。     

Hierarchical BiOBr microspheres with oxygen vacancies synthesized via reactable ionic liquids for dyes removal

Hierarchical BiOBr microspheres with oxygen vacancies, which can be used for the dyes removal, have been synthesized successfully in the presence of different kinds of ionic liquids. It was revealed that BiOBr prepared by the ionic liquids with short chain length exhibited higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light. The experimental results showed that the phenomenon of the photocatalytic degradation of MO can be explained by the photoluminescence spectra.     

Analytical control of photocatalytic treatments: degradation of a sulfonated azo dye

The degradation of Methyl Orange (C₁₄H₁₄N₃SO₃Na), chosen as a model sulfonated azo dye, was investigated in aqueous solutions containing suspended polycrystalline TiO₂ particles under irradiation with simulated sunlight. The dye disappearance and the formation of the mineralization end products were monitored; the formation of the main transient intermediates was also examined in detail. Particular attention was devoted to the identification and to the evolution of fragments retaining the chromophoric group. The comparison of data coming from various analytical techniques led to a possible reaction mechanism for the degradation process, giving insight into an aspect of the treatment which has not been considered in previous studies.     

sp2 carbon-conjugated covalent organic frameworks for efficient photocatalytic degradation and visualized pH detection

The design and fabrication of versatile covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with multiple properties for diverse applications is highly desirable. Here, the difunctional COFs material g–C₁₈N₃–COF was prepared and modified to be applied for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and pH detection, respectively. Owing to the triazine unit which was suitable for photocatalyst construction, g–C₁₈N₃–COF was sensitive to visible light and exhibited excellent photocatalysis capability toward RhB. Specially, the photocatalytic degradation of RhB with a high concentration of 300 ppm using g–C₁₈N₃–COF reached equilibrium within 6 h. Moreover, g–C₁₈N₃–COF was further grown in-situ onto the filter paper to generate a novel composite material g–C₁₈N₃–COF@Paper with bright yellow fluorescence. g–C₁₈N₃–COF@Paper could visualize the pH detection by remarkable changes in its fluorescent intensity and color in the range of pH value from 1 to 5, on account of the protonation of the nitrogen atoms from the triazine ring in g–C₁₈N₃–COF. The triazine-based sp² carbon-conjugated g–C₁₈N₃–COF, respectively, used as photocatalyst and sensor in this work offers a new strategy to construct the versatile COFs material, facilitating the application of functional COFs in the environmental protection field.     

n-p异质结型CdS/BiOBr复合光催化剂的制备及性能

采用两步水热法制备了CdS/BiOBr复合光催化剂,并通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段对其物相、表面结构、光响应性等性质进行了表征.结果表明,合成的CdS/BiOBr复合材料是n-p型异质结,由CdS颗粒裹附在BiOBr纳米球的表面构成,这种结构不仅具有良好的可见光响应范围,且有利于光生电子的迁移,并有效地抑制光生电子/空穴对的复合.通过光催化降解模拟染料废水和光催化脱除模拟含硫燃料评价了CdS/BiOBr复合材料的可见光催化性能.结果表明,6%(质量分数)CdS/BiOBr降解次甲基蓝的拟一级动力学常数分别为BiOBr和CdS的5.3和9.6倍,脱除噻吩的拟一级动力学常数分别为BiOBr和CdS的1.9和3.2倍.CdS/BiOBr具有良好的光催化稳定性,循环使用5次后,降解率仍能达到90%以上.     

Recent developments in photocatalytic dye degradation upon irradiation with energy-efficient light emitting diodes

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are gaining recognition as a convenient and energy-efficient light source for photocatalytic application. This review focuses on recent progress in the research and develop...