Strategies for visualising 3D points-of-interest on mobile devices

3D virtual environments are increasingly used as general-purpose medium for communicating spatial information. In particular, virtual 3D city models have numerous applications such as car navigation, city marketing, tourism and gaming. In these applications, points-of-interest (POI) play a major role since they typically represent features relevant for specific user tasks and facilitate effective user orientation and navigation through the 3D virtual environment. In this article, we present strategies that aim at effectively visualising POI in a 3D virtual environment used on mobile devices. Here, we additionally have to face the ‘keyhole’ situation, i.e. the users can realise only a small part of the environment due to the limited view space and resolution. For the effective visualisation of POI in 3D virtual environments we propose to combine specialised occlusion management for 3D scenes together with visual cues that handle out-of-frame POI. We also discuss general aspects and definitions of POI in the scope of 3D models and outline a prototype implementation of the mobile 3D viewer application based on the presented concepts. In addition, we give a first performance evaluation with respect to rendering speed and power consumptions.     

Flash Papervision3D中3D Web应用程序设计

为了能将日益应用广泛的Papervision3D、能在Flash Player中播放的目的,采用较为新颖的3D引擎方法,做了三维到二维的转换、Flint粒子系统实验,实现了平滑拉近物体从远处拉近及喷泉的效果.通用开源Flash 3D渲染引擎中Papervision3D是基于ActionScript的开源项目,而Flash在3D领域的应用相对贫乏,在Flash Player中播放,则具备体积小、与用户交互能力强、效果逼真的3D Web应用程序特点.     

Design for manufacturing of 3D capacitors

3D capacitor design parameters have been evaluated in order to improve the capacitance per unit die area. The geometrical issues as well as the process manufacturing issues are both investigated. The main manufacturing issues have been experimentally tested: etching, deposition and warpage of the wafer. An improvement has been observed for the robustness of 3D structures and the density of the capacitor has been increased for several proposed 3D pattern. All capacitors tested in this paper are realised with PICS technology.     

Image-based strategies for interactive visualisation of complex 3D geovirtual environments on lightweight devices

In this article, we present strategies for service-oriented, standards and image-based 3D geovisualisation that have the potential to provide interactive visualisation of complex 3D geovirtual environments (3DGeoVE) on lightweight devices. In our approach, interactive geovisualisation clients retrieve sets of 2D images of projective views of 3DGeoVEs generated by a 3D rendering service. As the key advantage of the image-based approach, the complexity that a client is exposed for displaying a visual representation is reduced to a constant factor primarily depending on the image resolution. To provide users with a high degree of interactivity, we propose strategies that are based on additional service-side functionality and on exploiting multiple layers of information encoded into the images for the local reconstruction of visual representations of the remote 3DGeoVE. The use of service-orientation and standards facilitates designing distributed 3D geovisualisation systems that are open, interoperable and can easily be adapted to changing requirements. We demonstrate the validity of the proposed strategies by presenting proof-of-concept implementations of several image-based 3D clients for the case of virtual 3D city models.     

3D电视的原理及电路解析

2009年12月,随着阿凡达的大热,消费者对3D的狂热在国际上掀起一轮3D热潮。在3D电影的促动下,3D市场已于2010年开始起飞。而且随着全球消费电子厂商陆续推出一批包括电视机、监视器、笔记本电脑、蓝光盘播放器、数码相机、摄像机、电子相框等3D相关产品进军家庭市场。据DisplaySearch的市场调研数据显示,2010年3D电视全球出货量达到420万台。2011年全球3D电视货量达2 340万台,2014年预计将出货达9 000万台。中国的3D电视产业发展备受业内外人士关注,我国不仅是全球最大的平板电视市场,更是全球最大的彩电制造基地。从平板电视到互联网电视再到3D电视,每一次技术升级,国内彩电企业总是紧跟而上。2010年3月,TCL、创维等企业开始推出3D电视;随后在9月份,海信推出了融合网络多媒体技术、3D显示技术的LED背光电视;康佳一举推出4大系列、20多款智能3D电视。文中主要阐述3D电视的原理及技术分类,并以康佳988系列3D电视为例,解析3D部分电路。     

Sn whisker evaluations in 3D microbumped structures

Sn whiskering remains a reliability concern in electronic applications. Despite extensive research on growth rates and mitigation strategies, no predictive theory is in place. Literature data are available for Cu/Sn-based films and coatings as well as for board-level and flip-chip solder bumps but data are scarce for scaled-down solder volumes and for higher intermetallic-to-solder ratios. The current work investigates whiskers in “isolated geometries” for 3D solder-capped Cu microbumps with >2 orders of magnitude smaller solder volumes compared to state-of-the-art. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time Sn whisker growth is reported in isolated solder volumes (e.g. <8 μm-side cube). Whiskers propensity was evaluated using JEDEC industrial specifications. The tested structures were: 5/3.5 μm-thick Cu/Sn films and 15 μm-diameter electroplated solder capping (Sn, SnAg, SnCu) on Cu microbumps (as-plated vs. reflowed). Selected Sn whiskers and “whisker-like” features were analysed and identified experimentally with SEM, EDX and FIB. In the absence of a predictive model, first-order and “what if” calculations based on IMC molar volume and oxide cracking hypotheses were carried out. This approach quantifies “figures of merit” for Sn whisker propensity with (1) different bump-limiting metallization (BLM) cases e.g. Cu, Ni, Co and (2) further microbump scaling. Future research recommendations are outlined to mitigate manufacturing risks by controlling “sit time” between bumping and stacking.     

3DCLIMBER: Climbing and manipulation over 3D structures

This paper describes the development of a novel pole climbing robot with the ability of climbing and manipulating across 3D structures, like petrochemical pipelines. The robot consists of a 4-DOF serial climbing mechanism and two grippers. Unlike many other developed pole climbing robots, 3DCLIMBER can overcome bends, T-junctions, flanges, and sharp changes on the pole’s diameter. With the current gripper, the robot can operate on circular profiles with diameters ranging from 200 mm to 350 mm and is able to scan the exterior surface of the pole. Existence of separate gripping and climbing modules allows application of various grippers for different profile shapes and sizes without any change on the climbing mechanism. In case of power failure the robot maintains its status without slipping on the structure. Furthermore, some nondestructive test operations require fine manipulation over the structure. Fine manipulation with an industrial arm encounters many well known difficulties. Such difficulties become even more problematic when the base of the robot’s arm is mobile. This problem was addressed by a robotic proprioception solution embedded into the robot by integration of inclinometers and range finder sensors as well as error compensation and self calibration algorithms. The proposed algorithms and sensors significantly improved the manipulation accuracy of the robot.     

基于Java3D的三维模型交互设计系统的开发与应用

首先概括地介绍了Java3D技术在三维模型交互设计的应用.提出了采用Java3D用于虚拟三维模型的描述,通过远端客户机读取服务端客户上传的三维图形数据,实现与用户交互的虚拟三维交互建模方案,使用程序提供的绘图工具对图形进行编辑并将结果保存到服务端相应的文件,通过对服务器端文件的读写操作来实现用户之间的信息交互,共享数字化的设计信息,使Internet成为设计工作的主要协作平台.     

3D视音频技术综述

随着2009年底卡梅隆导演的《阿凡达》影片的热映,三维立体( 3D Stereo)显示技术成为目前火热的技术之一,通过左右眼信号分离,在显示平台上能够实现的立体图像显示.立体显示是VR虚拟现实的一个实现沉浸交互的方式之一,3D(3 dimensional)立体显示可以把图像的纵深,层次,位置等细节全部展现,观察者更直观地了解图像的现实分布状况,从而更全面了解图像或显示内容的信息.为了配合3D立体视觉环境,介绍了3D音频技术,它是未来的一个趋势,并且对3D音频技术的基本理论、声学特点和发展状况等给出了看法.     

3D电视行业的发展现状与前景分析

3D电视是近年来的一个新的技术亮点和产业热点,主要从3D电视的拍摄、3D节目制作、3D节目传输、3D终端显示等方面介绍了3D电视行业的发展现状,并对3D电视的发展前景进行分析。     

快门眼镜式3D液晶显示3D效果优化方法

文章研究了快门眼镜式3D液晶显示3D效果的调试原理,提出了一种3D效果优化的方法,该方法适用于120Hz及更高帧频的3D液晶显示。     

图像导引介入治疗中可视化3D的2D/3D图像数据分析

三维成像对许多医学过程(根本上是对患者的健康)来说,是非常关键的。本文探讨了三维成像方法的与众不同之处,以及作为一种不断发展创新的技术,临床医生们对它的需求和期待。     

定量三维电子显微术及三维电子衍射

用电子晶体学可以确定尺度在微米甚至纳米级晶体的原子结构。它所要求的晶体尺寸比X射线晶体学所需的小百万倍。确定晶体的原子结构既可通过对高分辨电子显微像作图像处理,也可直接用电子衍射数据。同时还可将高分辨电子显微像和电子衍射数据与X射线粉末衍射结合起来确定晶体结构。如果晶体的单胞很大,原子在任何方向上的投影都有重叠,确定晶体的原子结构则需要拍摄一系列不同晶带轴的电子衍射图及高分辨像,再将其综合起来重构晶体的三维静电势图,以得到晶体的原子位置。本文将概括地介绍最近十几年中电子晶体学的一些最新进展及其在无机晶体结构解析方面的一些最新应用实例。     

体三维模型数据采集技术研究

体三维显示技术是计算机视觉领域最为活跃的研究方向之一,它能够在一个实际的三维空间中对场景进行360度还原。由于涉及大量的数据再现问题,体三维模型的获取较为困难,特别是对真实世界中物体的体三维重建。分析了体三维显示的特点及相关应用,概述了现有的体三维模型数据采集技术,为相关方向的研究提供了参考。     

微三维结构型腔的微细电火花加工

利用简单截面形状电极,建立在在分层制造思想上的电极等损耗微细电火花加工技术是实现微三维结构微细加工的有效手段。分析了该方法的工艺特点;研究了实现该技术的条件及电极损耗补偿策略。     

三维人脸建模技术分析及应用

三维人脸建模是计算机视觉和计算机图形学领域中一个研究热点,笔者首先分析了三维人脸建模技术背景意义和研究现状;其次论证了各种三维人脸建模技术的优缺点;最后对三维人脸建模技术的应用领域进行了详细介绍并进一步展望了今后三维人脸建模方向。     

3D打印专利技术的国内主要申请人分析

对3D打印技术进行了简介,并且根据设定的关键词、IPC分类号等对涉及3D打印技术的中国已公开专利进行检索,列出了国内前14位申请人,通过对其中5位申请人的专利申请的情况(申请类型、申请状态等)的统计分析,总结其各自的专利申请的特点,并进行了各申请人之间的比较及建议,对我国相关企业的研发和专利申请提出了建议.     

三维互连中光刻及晶圆级键合技术的挑战、趋势和解决方案

基于它的技术优势三维集成技术正在不断地被应用到新的产品中,也包括被应用到消费电子产品里。N时也对许多工艺提出了新的要求,其中也包括光刻和晶圆级键合。三维集成技术还是需要光刻工艺来完成图形的转换．为此．讨论了三维集成工艺对工艺设备和技术提出的挑战。介绍了SUSS公司与三维技术相关的产品。着重讨论与三维集成工艺相关的光刻和键合工艺。描述了三维集成对它们提出的挑战以及目前已有的解决方案和前景。并介绍一款新的具有0．25汕m对准精度的接近接触式光刻机。     

三维物体形状检测与重构系统的研究

三维物体形状检测与重构技术是计算机图像处理技术的一个分支,在众多领域有着广泛的应用前景。文中介绍了基于面结构光投影法的三维物体形状检测与重构系统,阐述了测量原理,建立了数学模型,给出了系统检测与重构的步骤,并根据检测得到的三维点云数据的特点,提出了适合本课题的简单、有效的三角网格化方法。实验结果证明该系统能够进行有效的检测与重构,具有很好的应用价值。     

裸眼3D技术嵌入式软件设计与研究

嵌入式设备是裸眼3D技术产业化的重要对象,其图像显示技术值得专门研究.应用Android SDK开发工具包及API和类库,在Eclipse集成开发环境下设计裸眼3D图像显示软件,完成自动识别屏幕分辨力、立体图像分辨力,使用低失真缩放与匹配技术完成立体图像融合,从而使双视图的立体图像在3D液晶显示屏上得到正确显示.