硅烷化衍生／气相色谱／电子捕获检测水产品中羟基多氯联苯的研究

以贻贝为实验样品,采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比1:1)为萃取溶剂,超声提取,硫酸、活性硅胶柱净化去除脂质及蛋白干扰物质,以双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺-三甲基氯硅烷(BSTFA-TMCS,体积比 99:1)为衍生试剂对羟基多氯联苯进行硅烷化衍生,确定了最佳衍生参数,并研究了气相色谱/电子捕获检测水产品中羟基多氯联苯的分析条件.研究得出,硅烷化衍生最佳衍生温度为60 ℃,最佳衍生时间为40 min;阴性空白贻贝样品在1、2、4 μg/kg的添加水平下,3-OH-PCB101、4-OH-PCB112、4-OH-PCB106的平均回收率为72% ～84%,RSD为0.4% ～10.6%,检出限为1.0 μg/kg.该方法可用于水产品中羟基多氯联苯的检测.     

手性酰氯探针对于盐酸兰地洛尔及其立体异构体识别的质谱研究

采用质谱技术,利用手性探针酰氯对盐酸兰地洛尔及其3个立体异构体进行了区分识别研究。本研究采用了两个手性酰氯探针N-对甲苯磺酰基-L-苯丙氨酰氯(TSPC)和(-)-莰烷酰氯与盐酸兰地洛尔反应产生共价结合产物,放大了盐酸兰地洛尔与其立体异构体的结构差异。在二级串联质谱实验中,与手性酰氯探针结合的产物容易丢失羟基产生碎片离子m/z 793和672,在不同构型的产物离子所产生的丢失水分子的碎片离子的丰度具有一定差异,(-)-莰烷酰氯衍生化产物的碎片离子m/z 603由于立体结构差异,导致稳定性不同,使得不同构型的碎片离子丰度产生差异,可通过比较药物和异构体杂质在二级质谱中特征碎片离子丰度的差异,实现盐酸兰地洛尔及其立体异构体的有效区分识别。所有碎片的元素组成都经过高分辨质谱进行确证。本研究通过质谱法对于盐酸兰地洛尔及其立体异构体进行快速、简单的区分识别,为盐酸兰地洛尔立体异构体杂质的质谱分析相关研究提供数据支持。     

气相色谱-离子阱二级质谱对照高分辨质谱对食品中二噁英类多氯联苯的测定

确定了气相色谱-离子阱二级质谱在分析食品中12种二噁英类多氯联苯残留的定性参数;优化了分析过程的质谱条件;研究了实际样品(河豚、鳗鱼、甜虾、鸡脂肪、奶粉、猪肠衣)离子阱串联质谱测定值与高分辨质谱值的准确度差异.样品采用加速溶剂萃取方法提取、流体控制系统净化及离子阱二级质谱和高分辨质谱测定.两种方法测定值之间的回归方程和相关系数分别为:4种非邻位取代二噁英类多氯联苯,y=0.781 5x,r=0.933 1;8种邻位取代二噁英类多氯联苯,y=0.807 3x,r=0.996;样品中12种多氯联苯总毒性当量(Total TEQ):y=0.518 1x 0.125 5,r=0.992.离子阱二级质谱和高分辨质谱的检出限分别为0.5ng/kg和0.1ng/kg,样品中同位素内标的回收率为41%～102%.     

气相色谱/质谱法检测小鼠肌肉组织和血液中羟基多氯联苯

建立了测定小鼠肌肉和血液中3种羟基多氯联苯的气相色谱/质谱联用(GC-MS)方法.经正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶ 1, V/V)提取目标化合物后,结合H2SO4去脂,KOH反萃法对提取液进行净化,以双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺-三甲基氯硅烷(BSTFA-TMCS, 99∶ 1, V/V,)为衍生试剂对羟基多氯联苯进行硅烷化衍生后,在SIM模式下进行GC/MS分析.本方法检出限为2μg/kg.在3种添加水平2.0,5.0和20.0 μg/kg下,小鼠肌肉和血液中3种羟基多氯联苯的回收率范围为73.2%～113.2%;相对标准偏差为1.53%～10.4%.本方法可用于小鼠腹腔注射多氯联苯后,体内多氯联苯羟基代谢物的检测.     

加速溶剂萃取和净化-气相色谱/三重四极杆串联质谱法测定水体沉积物中多氯联苯

建立了加速溶剂萃取同步净化-气相色谱/三重四极杆串联质谱法测定水体沉积物中7种指示性多氯联苯(PCB28,PCB52,PCB101,PCB118,PCB153,PCB138,PCB180)的方法。通过加速溶剂萃取条件和弗罗里硅土净化剂的优化,一步完成了萃取和净化过程,很好地去除了基质干扰。采用改进的色谱柱提高了分析效率,通过优化三重四极杆串联质谱的离子对(母离子/子离子)、碰撞电压、扫描峰宽等条件,显著提高了7种多氯联苯的灵敏度。7种多氯联苯在0.1~50μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,线性系数(R2)为0.9997~0.99993,方法检出限为0.005~0.010μg/kg。在2.0μg/kg和20.0μg/kg两个浓度添加水平,其回收率为83.5%~96.1%和85.1%~97.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%~7.6%和1.5%~8.2%。该方法已成功应用于实际水体沉积物中多氯联苯的测定。     

电喷雾-离子阱-飞行时间质谱联用研究黄酮和异黄酮苷元C环上的裂解规律

采用电喷雾-离子阱-飞行时间串联质谱在负离子模式下分析了4个黄酮苷元和6个异黄酮苷元的质谱数据, 并总结了两类化合物C环上的裂解规律. 黄酮化合物C环以Rretro-Diels-Alder(RDA)裂解断裂为主, 形成A1,3-离子且相对丰度较高; 而异黄酮化合物C环断裂以碳0和碳3键的断裂为主, 形成B0,3-离子, 且相对丰度较高. 说明黄酮化合物的交叉共轭体系和异黄酮的非交叉共轭体系对C环的裂解影响较大, 而且黄酮化合物的B环和异黄酮化合物的A, B环上取代基的类型和位置对生成碎片离子的稳定性也有影响, 导致生成的碎片离子类型及其相对丰度不同, 根据其质谱数据(包括碎片离子的质荷比和相对离子丰度)可以推测黄酮类化合物的结构类型和取代状况, 为快速鉴定黄酮化合物和异黄酮化合物结构奠定了基础.     

SNP的电喷雾串联质谱研究

采用电喷雾串联质谱技术对两组单核苷酸多态性(SNP)样品进行了研究,初步研究结果显示应用串联质谱可快速鉴定SNP分型以及确定SNP位点。采用16.3 mmol/L三乙胺(TEA)-400 mmol/L六氟异丙醇(HFIP)缓存溶液,电喷雾负离子模式下,长度为20 bp的寡核苷酸的MS扫描谱图显示其母离子呈较宽的多电荷态分布。选择低电荷态[M-4H]4-母离子,碰撞能为54 eV时,MS/MS扫描得到丰富的碎片离子,通过鉴定特征离子碎片(w和a-B离子系列)可确定其序列。     

吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生的Aurora激酶抑制剂在电喷雾质谱中的裂解规律研究

吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生的Aurora激酶抑制剂是具有良好开发前景的新型抗肿瘤药物之一. 采用电喷雾-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱技术, 对4种吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生的Aurora激酶抑制剂在电喷雾质谱中的裂解途径及其碎片离子结构进行研究. 实验结果表明: 吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生物拥有4个可能的质子化模式, 不同的质子化作用会产生不同的碎片离子, 且吡咯并[3,4-c]吡唑衍生物N(5)-CO键断裂所产生的碎片离子相对丰度较高, 可以作为药物代谢动力学及酶学水平研究中质谱的特征性碎片离子. 需要指出的是, 化合物3, 4能够分别丢失一分子水形成碎片离子[M+H-H₂O]⁺, 根据高分辨质谱和理论计算结果我们推测该过程是由质子化作用发生在酰胺氧原子上引发的, 而CID条件下N(5)-CO键的进一步断裂可产生相对丰度较高的碎片离子.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法鉴定人尿中奥美拉唑代谢物

应用高效液相色谱－电喷雾离子阱质谱法鉴定了人口服奥美拉唑（OPZ）后0－6h内尿中的代谢物。尿中代谢物经富集后，应用高效液相色谱法分离，然后在线进行选择离子扫描（SIM）、二级碎片离子全扫描（full scan MS^2)和三级碎片离子全扫描（full scan MS^3)，进行对尿中微量的烷烃羟基化、O－脱烷烃化、硫氧化和还原以及葡萄糖醛酸化和硫酸化的9种代谢物进行了质谱解析。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定化妆品中10种性激素残留

采用超高效液相色谱-串联电喷雾四极杆质谱在多反应监测模式下测定了特殊功效类化妆品中10种性激素的残留.样品按照不同剂型分别前处理,目标物以乙腈/水为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离.在超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析过程中以保留时间和离子对(母离子和两个碎片离子)信息比较定性,以母离子和响应值高的碎片离子进行定量.方法检出限为0....     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.