硒化锑薄膜太阳电池的模拟与结构优化研究

采用wx-AMPS模拟软件对硒化锑(Sb_2Se_3)薄膜太阳电池进行建模仿真,将CdS, ZnO和Sn02的模型应用到Sb_2Se_3太阳电池的电子传输层中.结果显示,应用CdS和ZnO都能实现较高的器件性能,并发现电子传输层电子亲和势(Xe-ETL)的变化能够调节Sb_2Se_3太阳电池内部的电场分布,是影响器件性能的关键参数之一.过高或者过低的Xe-ETL都会使电池的填充因子降低,导致电池性能劣化.当Xe-ETL为4.2eV时,厚度为0.6μm的Sb_2Se_3太阳电池取得了最优的7.87%的转换效率.应用优化好的器件模型,在不考虑Sb_2Se_3层缺陷态的理想情况下,厚度为3μm的Sb_2Se_3太阳电池的转换效率可以达到16.55%(短路电流密度J_(SC)=34.88 mA/cm~2、开路电压V_(OC)=0.59 V、填充因子FF=80.40%).以上模拟结果表明,Sb_2Se_3薄膜太阳电池在简单的器件结构下就能够获得优异的光电性能,具有较高的应用潜力.     

Ag-ZnO混合薄膜在聚合物太阳能电池中的应用

采用旋涂法研制了Ag浆SC100-ZnO混合薄膜,系统研究了不同混合比例SC100∶ZnO薄膜作为电子传输层或光散射层对聚合物太阳能电池器件性能的影响,并讨论了其中存在的物理机制。研究发现,采用少量SC100(1%和2.5%)混合的薄膜作为光散射层,可以提高器件的性能参数(短路电流密度和填充因子),器件的光电转换效率分别提高了4.4%和5%。     

双电子传输层结构硫硒化锑太阳电池的界面特性优化

硫硒化锑薄膜太阳电池因其制备方法简单、原材料丰富无毒、光电性质稳定等优点,成为了光伏领域的研究热点.经过近几年的发展,硫硒化锑太阳电池的光电转换效率已经突破10%,极具发展潜力.本文针对硫硒化锑太阳电池中n/i界面引起的载流子复合进行了深入研究.发现硫硒化锑太阳电池的界面特性会受到界面电子迁移能力和能带结构两方面的影响.界面电子迁移率的提高能使电子更有效地传输至电子传输层,实现器件短路电流密度和填充因子的有效提升.在此基础上,引入ZnO/Zn_1-xMg_xO双电子传输层结构能够进一步优化硫硒化锑太阳电池性能.其中,Zn_1-xMg_xO能级位置的改变可以同时调节界面和吸光层的能级分布,在Zn_1-xMg_xO导带能级为-4.2 eV,对应Mg含量为20%时,抑制载流子复合的效果最为明显,硫硒化锑太阳电池也获得了最佳的器件性能.在去除缺陷态的理想情况下,双电子传输层结构硫硒化锑太阳电池在600 nm厚时获得了20.77%的理论光电转换效率,该研究结果为硫硒化锑太阳电池...     

在空穴传输层聚(3-己基噻吩)中添加1,8-二碘辛烷改善碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能

无空穴传输层的碳基钙钛矿太阳能(PSCs)电池拥有成本低、制备步骤简单、稳定性高的优点,应用前景广阔.但是碳电极与活性层的直接接触,导致器件的光电转换效率普遍低于其他金属电极的钙钛矿太阳能电池.本文使用聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)作为器件的空穴传输层,相比传统的有机空穴传输层材料Spiro-OMeTAD,具有低成本和易于制造的优点,并通过在P3HT中掺杂1,8-二碘辛烷(DIO)的方法优化其光电性能,提升了载流子的迁移率,阻挡电子的运输,降低界面复合,改善了碳电极与器件的界面接触,提高了短路电流J_(sc)和填充因子FF,使器件的初始光电转换效率从14.06%提升至15.11%.器件在氮气环境下测试稳定性,连续光照1000 h后器件的转换效率仍保持在98%以上.     

4，4＇，4＂-三（N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基）三苯胺掺杂MoOx作为空穴传输层对有机太阳电池性能的影响永

通过采用4,4’,4”．三（N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基）三苯胺（m-MTDATA）掺入MoO。作为器件的空穴传输层来提高酞菁铜（CuPc）／C60小分子有机太阳电池的效率．采用真空蒸镀的方法制备了一系列器件,其中结构为铟锡氧化物（ITO）／m-MTDATA：MoO2（3：1）（30nm）／CuPc（20nm）／C60（40nm）／4,7-二苯基-1,10-菲罗啉（Bphen）（8nm）／LiF（0．8nm）／Al（100am）的器件,在AMl．5（100mW／cm2）模拟太阳光的照射条件下,开路电压Koc=0．40V,短路电流Jsc=6．59mA／cm2填充因子为0．55,光电转换效率达1．46％,比没有空穴传输层的器件ITO／CuPc（20nm）／C60（40nm）／Bphen（8nm）／LiF（0．8nm）／A1（100nm）光电转换效率提高了38％．研究表明,加入m-MTDATA：MoO2（3：1）（30am）空穴传输层减小了有机层和ITO电极之间的接触电阻,从而减小了整个器件的串联电阻,提高了器件的光电转换效率．     

溶剂预处理结合热退火提升聚噻吩结晶度及其光伏性能

活性层的微观形貌在很大程度上决定了聚合物光伏器件的性能表现并依赖于制备工艺条件。为了改善薄膜内部分子排布结构并追求较高的器件光电转化效率,采用溶液法制备了基于P3HT：PCBM的聚合物太阳能电池（器件结构:ITO/PEDOT：PSS/P3HT：PCBM/Al）,通过改变器件制备流程中活性层退火处理工艺,研究了热退火、溶剂退火以及溶剂预处理结合热处理的双重退火对聚合物太阳电池性能的影响。研究发现:双重退火的光伏器件的各项性能参数均优于单一退火处理器件,获得了3.25%的光电转化效率。原子力显微镜及X射线衍射仪的表征结果进一步证明:双重退火处理能够在促进聚合物给体良好有序结晶的同时保证共混组分适度地相分离,从而有利于光生激子的解离以及载流子的传输。     

Cs_2CO_3共蒸阴极对有机电致发光器件性能的影响(英文)

研究了碳酸铯(Cs2CO3)掺杂8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3)作为电子注入层对有机电致发光器件性能的影响。结果表明,与常用的Cs2CO3超薄层作电子注入层相比,Cs2CO3∶Alq3共蒸阴极对器件效率和亮度有很大提高,器件电流效率从3.1 cd/A(Cs2CO31 nm/Al)提高到6.5 cd/A(Cs2CO33%∶Alq3/Al)。器件性能的提高归因于Cs2CO3∶Alq3共蒸阴极比单层Cs2CO3阴极具有更好的电子注入能力和电子传输性能。薄膜形貌表明,共蒸阴极能有效降低Alq3表面粗糙度,有助于提高器件发光性能及寿命。     

溶剂预处理结合热退火提升聚噻吩结晶度及其光伏性能

活性层的微观形貌在很大程度上决定了聚合物光伏器件的性能表现并依赖于制备工艺条件。为了改善薄膜内部分子排布结构并追求较高的器件光电转化效率,采用溶液法制备了基于P3HT∶PCBM的聚合物太阳能电池(器件结构:ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/P3HT∶PCBM/Al),通过改变器件制备流程中活性层退火处理工艺,研究了热退火、溶剂退火以及溶剂预处理结合热处理的双重退火对聚合物太阳电池性能的影响。研究发现:双重退火的光伏器件的各项性能参数均优于单一退火处理器件,获得了3.25%的光电转化效率。原子力显微镜及X射线衍射仪的表征结果进一步证明:双重退火处理能够在促进聚合物给体良好有序结晶的同时保证共混组分适度地相分离,从而有利于光生激子的解离以及载流子的传输。     

P-I-N型锡铅钙钛矿太阳电池性能的限制因素及解决策略

锡铅钙钛矿太阳电池已被证明可以用于全钙钛矿叠层太阳电池中,作为窄带隙底电池进一步提高器件光电转换效率.目前, P-I-N型锡铅钙钛矿太阳电池的最高效率为21.7%,明显低于铅基钙钛矿太阳电池.本文分析了限制其性能提高的主要因素,并针对性地总结了近几年研究工作者们提出的有效解决策略,主要包括:1)通过添加富锡化合物、强还原剂或含大的有机阳离子的化合物以抑制Sn²⁺氧化,减少锡铅钙钛矿材料p型掺杂程度,降低电池开路电压损耗; 2)通过调控组分、改变钙钛矿薄膜制备方法、溶剂工程或添加含功能性基团的化合物以延缓锡铅钙钛矿薄膜结晶生长速率,提高薄膜质量; 3)通过选用合适的电子传输层或空穴传输层,减少能级失配对载流子传输的影响或避免载流子传输层的本身不稳定性对器件的影响.最后,本文展望了锡铅钙钛矿太阳电池的未来发展,认为其不仅有望实现高效稳定的单结太阳电池,而且还可以应用于高效全钙钛矿叠层太阳电池.     

MEH-PPV与TiO2共混体系太阳电池性能分析

以MEH-PPV(poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene)为电子给体材料(Donor,D),TiO2纳米线为电子受体材料(Aceeptor,A),制成了共混体系太阳电池.从D/A材料共混体系的紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、光荧光谱(PL)、器件的电荷传输的光导J-V图等方面,分析了MEH-PPV:TiO2体系器件性能变化的原因.得出了当在纯MEH-PPV中掺入TiO2纳米线时,共混体系的太阳电池性能大幅度增加,当D/A比例为1:3时,其太阳电池在AM1.5光照下,其开路电压Voc为0.7 V,短路电流密度Jsc为0.3 mA/cm2填充因子FF为30.5%,能量转换效率n为0.091%.其能量转换效率比纯MEH-PPV作为活性层器件提高近60倍.发现当共混体系用苯硫酚溶剂回流时,其器件性能又提高了近一倍.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.