二维二元碳化硅纳米结构的等离激元激发

基于含时密度泛函理论,研究两种构型的二维二元碳化硅（SiC）纳米结构的等离激元激发.SiC纳米结构有两个等离激元共振带.由于键长的改变,相对于硅烯纳米结构和石墨烯纳米结构,SiC纳米结构的两个等离激元共振带分别发生蓝移和红移.一种SiC纳米结构的等离激元共振激发依赖于边界的构型和纳米结构形貌;另一种SiC纳米结构的等离激元共振激发对于边界构型和纳米结构形貌的依赖性降低.沿不同方向激发时,等离激元共振特性基本相同.     

单层磷化硼纳米结构中的量子等离激元激发

基于含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)研究了单层磷化硼纳米结构中的等离激元激发。单层磷化硼纳米结构中有两个主要的等离激元共振带,一个等离激元共振带位于能量点3eV附近,另一个等离激元共振带位于能量点9eV附近。单层磷化硼纳米结构在光谱的可见光区存在等离激元共振。单层磷化硼纳米结构的边界构型(锯齿形边界和扶手椅边界)以及沿着激发光的偏振方向的边界宽度对单层磷化硼纳米结构吸收光谱有很大的影响。单层磷化硼纳米结构中等离激元模式是长程电荷转移激发。     

基于含时密度泛函理论的表面等离激元研究进展

纳米粒子的局域表面等离激元(LSP)由于其新颖的光学特性成为目前国内外研究的热点之一. 本文利用含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)对金属团簇及石墨烯纳米结构中的等离激元激发及调制的物理本质进行了研究. 和宏观大小的材料相比, 由于纳米结构的尺寸和量子受限效应, 纳米结构的等离激元具有一些不同的特征. 在低能共振区, 光谱线发生展宽, 并且发生劈裂. 由于纳米单体间的电磁耦合作用, 使聚合的纳米结构表现出了与单体不同的光学性质. 这些结果为等离激元的调控提供了坚实的理论指导.     

一组线性稠环芳香烃的等离激元激发

采用含时密度泛函理论,研究了一组线性稠环芳香烃量子点的等离激元激发.沿着线性稠环芳香烃所在的平面方向,体系中有两个主要的等离激元共振带:一个位于3.9 e V附近;另一个位于16 e V附近.随着线性稠环芳香烃长度的增加,在低能共振区,沿不同方向激发时,体系的吸收峰分别发生了蓝移和红移.此外,与并五苯相比,在低能共振区,一氯并五苯的吸收光谱的吸收峰发生了红移和展宽,其中氯原子位于并五苯的两端时对一氯并五苯等离激元激发影响较大.在低能共振区,线性稠环芳香烃的等离激元共振模式与石墨烯量子点相似.     

三角形钠原子团簇中的表面等离激元

运用含时密度泛函理论研究等边三角形钠原子团簇中的表面等离激元激发.发现:在团簇尺寸较大时,沿三角形底边和底边中垂线方向激发的共振模式不同,然而沿两方向的吸收光谱线形一样,主要吸收峰的共振能量也相同.低能聚集共振在空间引起电场增强的极大值主要分布在三角形的端点附近.     

阴极荧光在表面等离激元研究领域的应用

表面等离激元以其独特的光学性质广泛应用于纳米尺度的局域电磁场增强、超高分辨成像及微弱光电探测.阴极荧光是电子与物质相互作用而产生的光学响应,利用电子束激发金属纳米结构能够实现局域等离激元共振,并在亚波长尺度实现对共振模式的调控,具有超高空间分辨的成像特点.阴极荧光探测通常结合扫描电子显微镜或透射电子显微镜而实现,目前己被应用于表面等离激元的探测及共振模式的分析.本文从阴极荧光物理机理出发,综述了单一金属纳米结构和金属耦合结构的等离激元共振模式阴极荧光研究进展,并总结了阴极荧光与角分辨、时间分辨以及电子能量损失谱等关键技术相结合的应用,进一步分析了其面临的关键问题,最后展望了阴极荧光等离激元研究方向.     

C_(60)富勒烯二聚物的等离激元激发

基于含时密度泛函理论,研究了C60富勒烯二聚物的等离激元激发.当两个C60分子靠近,分子之间的间隙较大,通过电容性相互作用时,二聚物的低能等离激元共振模式随着间隙的减小发生红移.进一步减小间隙时,由于电子的隧穿,C60富勒烯二聚物的等离激元共振模式发生了改变,长程电荷转移激发模式形成.与金属纳米结构二聚物不同,当再继续减小间隙时,长程电荷转移激发模式没有发生蓝移,而是继续红移.在可见光范围内,C60富勒烯二聚物有很强的吸收光谱.     

介观尺寸原子链中的等离激元：紧束缚模型

本文运用紧束缚模型对介观尺寸原子链的等离激发进行了系统的研究, 通过量子响 应理论和相无规近似得到了等离激元的本征频率方程, 通过该方程计算了系统中等离子体的激发能量, 并分别对体系的本征振荡以及外电场作用在原子链上发生共振的情况进行了研究. 结果表明, 体系在外场作用下发生共振时, 偶极矩的峰值与等离子体的激发态相对应, 说明外场此时激发了等离激元; 体系处在共振情况下, 电荷振荡的幅度远远大于非共振的情况, 相对来说体系的电荷虚部的共振更为明显. 对于体系的本征等离振荡频率, 同等长度时等离子体的激发能量总是大于同级的单电子激发能量; 等离激元的能谱与原子链的长度和电子密度以及系统的库仑关联强度都有很大关系; 在原子链长度保持不变的情况下, 等离子体的激发能量随电子数目的变化以半满为中心呈对称关系. 关键词： 纳米结构 一维原子链 等离激元     

石墨烯覆盖铝纳米光栅表面等离激元共振光谱及传感特性

表面等离激元共振技术具有无需标记、灵敏度高、实时检测等优点,已广泛应用于生物医疗、环境监测及食品安全等领域。相对于传统贵金属材料表面等离激元共振传感器而言,铝表面等离激元共振传感器具有价格低廉、共振光谱带宽小等优点,已逐渐成为了该领域的研究热点。针对铝材料存在与生物分子兼容性差、易氧化等缺点,利用石墨烯化学稳定性好、比表面积大、抗氧化能力强、生物兼容性好等独特优势,将其作为与被测分子直接接触的传感层,提出了一种石墨烯覆盖铝纳米光栅的表面等离激元共振传感器。首先,基于多物理场有限元仿真软件建立了该传感器的物理模型,分别分析了石墨烯层数和铝光栅结构参数(占空比、高度、周期)对传感器共振光谱的影响。结果表明,石墨烯与铝光栅的复合有效增强了入射光波与传感器的相互作用,采用单层石墨烯与铝光栅复合时,共振峰具有最窄的光谱带宽。当铝纳米光栅结构Λ=600 nm,H=40 nm,η=70%时,光谱反射率为零。进一步分析了结构优化后的传感器的传感特性。结果表明,单层石墨烯覆盖铝纳米光栅传感器具有最高的品质因数24.5 RIU-1,其灵敏度高达626 nm·RIU-1。该传感器具有探测精度高、分子兼容性好等优点,能为生化分析、环境监测和食品安全等领域提供一个新的绿色传感平台。     

二维有限元方法研究石墨烯环中磁等离激元

石墨烯等离激元是决定石墨烯光学性质的重要元激发,拥有一系列优异的特性,其通过外置电场的动态可调性最引人注目;石墨烯具有很强的磁场响应(如室温观测的量子霍尔效应),因而磁场可作为一个新的调控自由度,形成的准粒子叫作石墨烯磁等离激元.鉴于石墨烯的二维属性,石墨烯磁等离激元的研究大多采用三维近似,即将石墨烯等效成厚度很薄的三维块材,该处理方案需消耗大量的计算资源.本文在准静态近似下,围绕库仑定律和电荷守恒定律,构建了高效的二维有限元方法,自洽地求解石墨烯面内的积分微分方程,并提出本征值损失谱表征准粒子的激发.利用二维有限元方法,探讨了4类石墨烯环中磁等离激元的激发;最低阶的偶极共振都支持磁等离激元的对称劈裂,在孔很小时,其对模式劈裂的影响可忽略,但当孔的尺寸变大时,内外边界的相互作用将抑制模式劈裂,并最终导致其消失.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.