氧瓶燃烧-硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定无卤低烟阻燃电缆料中痕量氯

采用氧瓶燃烧法对无卤低烟阻燃电缆料样品进行燃烧,用去离子水作为吸收液吸收释出的氯化氢气体,并用硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定样品中氯含量。氯离子的质量浓度在0.20～5.00mg.L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系。该方法用于无卤低烟阻燃电缆料样品中微量氯的测定;用标准加入法测得回收率在96.0%～103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于4.5%。     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃研究进展

本文阐述了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃研究的必要性和重要性,介绍了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的燃烧过程,概述了阻燃材料的三种作用机理。文中介绍了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的几种常用的添加型阻燃剂,总结了它们各自的阻燃机理、优缺点及研究进展,指出由具有协同作用的阻燃元素构成的复配型阻燃剂是当下研究热点。文中还举例介绍了反应型阻燃剂常用的改性方法以及创新性的思路,最后阐述了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料阻燃技术的现状及未来发展趋势。     

软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料用无卤阻燃剂的研究

本文以羟基苯氧膦丙烯酸(CEPP)和三聚氰胺(MA)为原料合成了一种含磷、氮无卤阻燃剂(CMA),采用FT-IR表征了阻燃剂的化学结构,并将该阻燃剂用于软质聚氨酯泡沫(FPUF)的阻燃。用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了阻燃剂的加入对FPUF的形态的影响,通过LO I和垂直燃烧(Cal.117A)测试研究了该阻燃剂对FPUF的阻燃效果。结果表明,CMA可以有效提高FPUF的阻燃性:当CMA的添加量为10%时,FPUF即可通过Cal.117A测试,其LO I值也从17.3提高到23.0;随阻燃剂添加量的增加,FPUF的阻燃性能也逐渐提高。TG测试结果表明CMA的加入对FPUF的热稳定性没有多大影响。     

离子色谱法测定氯化石蜡中的总氯量

采用氧瓶燃烧法处理氯化石蜡样品,用离子色谱测定吸收液中Cl^-的方法来确定氯化石蜡的总氯量。在Metrosep A SUPP5型阴离子分离柱上,以3．2mmol／LNa2CO3和1．0mmol／LNaHCO3混合溶液作为淋洗液,抑制型电导检测,检出限为0．87μg／L,线性范围0．1—4mg／L,相对标准偏差与回收率分别为1．71％～2．14％、94．4％-103．1％。该方法简便、快速,结果与国家标准法比较无显著性差异。     

氧瓶燃烧—冷原子吸收法测煤样中痕量汞

采用氧瓶燃烧－针筒注射－冷原子吸收法测煤样中痕量汞，并对测定条件进行研究。方法简便、快速、干扰少，汞含量在０￣１０．０ｎｇ／５０ｍｌ时遵守比耳定律。用于样品的测定，结果令人满意。     

PAN-聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集ICP-AES同时测定天然水中铜锌镉锰铁钴铅

研究了1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)在聚氨酯泡沫塑料上的吸附特征,对Cu~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Cd~(2 )、Mn~(2 )、Fe~(2 )、Co~(2 )和Pb~(2 )7种离子的吸附性能,以及富集体积、流速、基体元素的影响。建立了PAN-聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集ICP-AES同时测定天然水样中上述7种元素的分析方法,获得满意结果。     

氧瓶燃烧-离子色谱法测定植株中硫和氯

采用氧瓶燃烧法对样品进行燃烧,然后用0.08mol.L-1碳酸钠-0.01mol.L-1碳酸氢钠-过氧化氢吸收液吸收释放出的氯化氢和三氧化硫,并提出了离子色谱法分离测定植株中硫和氯含量的方法。以Ionpac AS14A(4mm×250mm)离子交换柱,以0.008mol.L-1碳酸钠-0.001mol.L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。硫和氯的方法检出限(3S/N)分别为0.04mg.L-1和0.02mg.L-1。方法用于大米(GSB-1S)、黄豆(GSB-4S)、菠菜(GSB-6S)和圆白菜(GSB-5S)标准样品的分析,测定值与认定值相一致,硫和氯的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为3.1%和4.2%,回收率分别为97.0%和93.8%。     

硫氰酸汞间接分光光度法测定三乙基铝中氯的含量

建立了测定三乙基铝中氯含量的硫氰酸汞间接分光光度法。在酸性溶液中,硫氰酸汞与氯离子反应后游离出硫氰酸根离子,硫氰酸根离子与铁离子反应生成红色硫氰酸铁络合物,于460 nm波长处测定该络合物的吸光度,从而间接获得氯的含量。对测量过程的波长、酸度、显色剂的用量、显色剂的稳定性等因素进行了探讨。氯的质量在0~50μg范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=1.000 0,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.07%~0.20%(n=6),加标回收率为94.8%~105.0%。该法适用于三乙基铝工业品中氯含量的测定。     

PAN—聚氨酯泡沫塑料富集ICP—AES同时测定天然水中铜锌镉锰…

研究了１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚（ＰＡＮ）在聚氨酯泡沫塑料上的吸附特征，对Ｃｕ＾２＾＋，Ｚｎ＾２＾＋，Ｃｄ＾２＾＋，Ｍｎ＾２＾＋，Ｆｅ＾２＾＋，Ｃｏ＾２＾＋和Ｐｂ＾２＾＋７种离子的吸附性能，以及富集体积，流速，基体元素的影响。建立了ＰＡＮ－聚氨酯泡塑料富集ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ同时测定天然水样中上述７种元素的分析方法，获得满意结果。     

Indirect Determination of Phosphate by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Polyurethane Foam

Abstract

An indirect X-ray fluorescence method for phosphate has been established based on the extraction of phosphomolybdate by polyurethane foam. The molybdenum, which is associated in a fixed ratio with phosphorus, is determined directly on foam, by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.     

Preconcentration Systems Using Polyurethane Foam/Me-BDBD for Determination of Copper in Food Samples

A new reagent, 6-[2′-(6′-methyl-benzothiazolylazo)]-1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-benzenedisulfonic acid (Me-BDBD), was synthesised and used in on-line and off-line systems for copper preconcentration by solid-phase extraction. Spectrophotometry and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) were the detection techniques. Polyurethane foam loaded with Me-BDBD packed in a minicolumn was used as sorbent in both systems. The spectral characteristics of Me-BDBD were investigated. The optimum pH values for maximum sorption of the metal are between 7.0 and 8.5. Copper was desorbed with 0.05 and 0.50 mol L⁻¹ hydrochloric acid solutions, for on-line and off-line systems, respectively. The effects of several foreign substances on the adsorption of copper are reported. The enrichment factors obtained were 7 (on-line) and 26 (off-line) for the systems. The proposed procedures allowed the determination of copper with detection limits of 3.4 and 1.4 μg L⁻¹ (0.85 and 0.35 μg per gram of sample) for on-line and off-line systems, respectively. The precision of the procedures was also calculated: 3.2 (on-line) and 1.9% (off-line). The validation of the procedures was carried out by analysis of certified reference material. The copper contents in corn and rice flour and black tea samples were determined by applying the proposed procedures.     

泡沫塑料富集-原子吸收光谱法测定铅精矿中的金

主要研究了铅精矿特别是高铅矿中金的溶解、富集分离,吸附富集条件、解吸条件。通过用泡沫塑料富集,原子吸收光谱法测定铅精矿中的金,测定方法的相对标准偏差小于5%,准确度满足生产需求。泡沫塑料富集分离金操作简便,无需特殊装置,可达到分离的目的,且选择性高,在保证分析结果质量的基础上加快了分析速度、降低了分析成本。     

泡沫塑料吸附—溶出计时电位法测定地质物料中痕量铊

本文提出了泡沫塑料吸附解脱新体系，建立了泡沫塑料吸附－溶出计时电位法测定地质物料中痕量铊的新方法。方法检出限０．０３μｇ／ｇ；铊的含量水平分别为０．７１μｇ／ｇ和１．６μｇ／ｇ时的测定精密度为３．４５％和３．２８％；工作曲线线性范围为５￣１５００ｎｇ／ｍＬ；回收率为９７．５％￣９８．０％。     

Semiquantitative and Quantitative Determination of Trace Amount of Phosphate Ion in Water Using Polyurethane Foam Thin -Layer Colorimetry

Abstract

A simple, sensitive and fast method for the colorimetric determination of phosphate ion in water is described.

The method is based on spectrophotometric measurement of the blue molybdoantimony phosphoric acid species sorbed in a polyurethane foam thin-layer for quantitative determination of phosphate ion, or the visual color comparison technique for rapid semiquantitative determination.

The detection limit for the quantitative procedure is 5 μg/1 and for semiquantitative procedure 20 μg/1 for sample volumes of 100 ml and 25 ml, respectively.     

Lignin as a Partial Polyol Replacement in Polyurethane Flexible Foam

This study was focused on evaluating the suitability of a wide range of lignins, a natural polymer isolated from different plant sources and chemical extractions, in replacing 20 wt.% of petroleum-based polyol in the formulation of PU flexible foams. The main goal was to investigate the effect of unmodified lignin incorporation on the foam’s structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. The hydroxyl contents of the commercial lignins were measured using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (³¹P NMR) spectroscopy, molar mass distributions with gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermal properties with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The results showed that incorporating 20 wt.% lignin increased tensile, compression, tear propagation strengths, thermal stability, and the support factor of the developed PU flexible foams. Additionally, statistical analysis of the results showed that foam properties such as density and compression force deflection were positively correlated with lignin’s total hydroxyl content. Studying correlations between lignin properties and the performance of the developed lignin-based PU foams showed that lignins with low hydroxyl content, high flexibility (low T_g), and high solubility in the co-polyol are better candidates for partially substituting petroleum-based polyols in the formulation of flexible PU foams intended for the automotive applications.     

骨架状聚氨酯海绵模板导向制备多级孔碳材料

多级孔结构碳材料具有结构多样、比表面积高、孔体积大和化学稳定性好等性质,不同尺度的孔道能协同发挥各自的传质优势,在吸附和分离、化学化工、靶向给药和能源储存等方面有独特表现并得到了广泛应用.近年来,国内外将聚氨酯海绵与其他尺度的模板剂相结合制备了许多不同结构的多级孔状碳质材料并应用到不同的领域.本文从多级孔碳材料的制备、结构和应用等角度综述了相关研究工作,并指出合成石墨化、各级孔道合理分配、孔壁薄和机械强度好的多级孔结构的碳材料仍面临诸多问题.     

聚氨酯泡沫富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定土壤及水系沉积物中铊含量

建立了一种以聚氨酯泡沫富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定土壤及水系沉积物中铊含量的分析方法,利用正交实验,确定最佳实验条件,方法的检出限为0.01mg/L,对土壤及水系沉积物标准物质的测定结果与推荐值相符,相对误差小于10%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)在1.9%~4.9%。     

泡沫塑料吸附-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地质样品中的金

建立了泡沫塑料吸附-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定地质样品中的金的方法,采用王水溶解地质样品中痕量的金,经泡沫塑料吸附富集,结合电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法进行测定。实验表明,方法的加标回收率为94.4%~111.0%,对国家一级标准物质进行测定,结果与认定值一致,方法的相对标准偏差RSD为3.2%~12.8%。