在线净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中5种烟碱类农药残留

建立了在线净化-液相色谱-串联质谱测定茶叶中吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺5种常见烟碱类农药残留量的方法。样品经水浸泡、乙腈提取和在线净化后,用液相色谱-串联质谱测定。结果表明,本方法对5种烟碱类农药的定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。5种烟碱类农药在1.0~10 μ g/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998。在0.01、0.02和0.05 mg/kg的添加水平下,回收率为68.0%~113.2%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~7.6%。本方法简便、快速、准确,适用于茶叶样品中烟碱类农药残留量的检测。     

在线净化-高效液相色谱双检测器法测定土壤中多菌灵、磺胺类、新烟碱类农兽药残留

建立了同时检测对土壤中磺胺脒、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、烯啶虫胺、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、多菌灵7种农药残留的在线净化-双检测器-高效液相色谱新方法。实验对提取净化和分析条件进行了优化,得出最佳实验条件:土壤样品经提取液(甲醇:乙腈:二氯甲烷=5:4:1,V/V/V)提取,氮吹浓缩后直接进样,经在线固相萃取(SPE)柱在线净化,梯度洗脱经反相C18色谱柱分离,二极管阵列(DAD)检测器串联荧光(FLD)检测器检测,外标法定量,12 min内即可完成7种农兽药的检测。7种农药检出限为1.1~3.0×10~(-3)mg/kg(S/N=3),线性范围内线性相关系数均在0.9999以上。空白土壤样品在0.05,0.10,0.32 mg/kg添加水平的平均加标回收率为71.92%~103.88%,相对标准偏差为0.07%~4.1%。     

在线净化液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速筛查果蔬中212种农药残留

基于在线净化液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术建立了快速筛查果蔬中212种农药残留的方法和数据库。样品经0.1%乙酸乙腈提取,提取液经在线净化柱(Cyclone-P)净化、富集后,以乙腈-0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%乙酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,待测物经C_(18)分析柱色谱分离后,采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱以正负同时扫描的Full Scan/dd MS2模式进行检测。结果表明,212种农药在0.5~50μg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.998。方法的定量下限(LOQ)均可达到5μg/kg。通过实际样品的加标回收试验,212种农药在10μg/kg的加标回收率为58.3%~129.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~16.0%。该方法利用精确质量数、保留时间、同位素峰比、二级碎片等多个定性信息可在无标准物质的情况下实现对果蔬中212种化合物的快速筛查与确证。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定蔬菜中多杀霉素等4种农药残留

采用固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)建立了多种蔬菜中4种农药残留量的分析方法,并对净化方法、色谱及质谱条件进行优化。蔬菜样品经乙腈提取、提取液经盐析后,取上清液经PC/NH2(或NH2)固相萃取小柱净化,浓缩后,用甲醇定容并过膜,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式进行外标法定量测定。结果表明,4种农药在5~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 2),在8种蔬菜中的检出限和定量下限分别为0.033~0.167μg/kg和0.10~0.50μg/kg。在10,50,250μg/kg 3个浓度加标水平下,4种农药的回收率为70.9%~123.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%。方法准确、灵敏、简单、快速,适用于多种蔬菜中多杀霉素等4种农药残留的同时测定。     

凝胶色谱-气相色谱-串联质谱法筛查茶叶中27种禁用农药

建立了茶叶中27种国家禁用农药的气相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。以27种国家禁用农药为目标分析物,样品经环己烷-乙酸乙酯超声提取、凝胶渗透色谱净化后进行定性和定量分析。方法检出限为0.02~2.82μg/kg,方法定量限为0.07~9.40μg/kg,在0.01~0.20 mg/L范围内方法线性相关系数均大于0.991,75%以上的农药的回收率在70%~110%之间,相对标准偏差在0.53%~7.1%之间。方法适用于茶叶中多种农药残留的检测分析。     

在线凝胶渗透色谱-二维气相色谱/质谱法测定鲫鱼样品中的14种农药残留

建立了在线凝胶渗透色谱-二维气相色谱/质谱(GPC-MDGC/MS)测定鲫鱼样品中14种农药残留的方法。样品用环己烷/乙酸乙酯(1：1,v/v)提取两次,合并提取液。提取液冷冻、过膜后,经在线凝胶渗透色谱净化后直接进行MDGC/MS分析,通过中心切割的方式将农药组分选择性切割进入二维色谱柱进行进一步分离分析,采用内标法进行定量。实验结果表明：14种农药在0.01~0.9 mg/L范围内具有较好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。14种农药在3个添加水平(0.01、0.05、0.1 mg/kg)的加标回收率为83.0%~112.9%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~12.0%。该方法前处理简单,实现了在线GPC和MDGC的有效结合,准确度好、精密度高,具有很好的推广性。     

水稻和土壤中呋虫胺残留的固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法

建立了呋虫胺在水稻(糙米、稻壳和稻草3种基质)和土壤中残留的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI MS/MS)检测方法。各基质经乙腈提取,PSA柱净化后,以Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱分离,电喷雾电离串联质谱正离子多重反应监测(MRM)模式进行测定。在不同加标水平下,对呋虫胺在4种不同基质中的回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD)进行测定。结果表明,呋虫胺在糙米中的回收率为73.8%~97.2%,RSD为3.1%~9.9%;在稻壳中的回收率为77.6%~80.3%,RSD为2.5%~5.8%;在稻草中的回收率为76.0%~94.0%,RSD为4.8%~8.8%;在土壤中的回收率为83.6%~93.3%,RSD为4.6%~6.4%。该方法具有样品前处理简单、快速、分析时间短的特点,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留检测要求。     

在线净化液相色谱-高分辨质谱法快速测定动物源性食品中均三嗪类药物及其代谢产物的残留量

基于在线净化液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术建立了快速测定动物源食品中地克珠利、妥曲珠利、妥曲珠利砜和妥曲珠利亚砜残留的分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,经Cyclone在线净化柱净化后,将富集的目标物洗脱转至C_(18)分析柱,经色谱分离后,采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱以Full Scan/dd MS2模式进行检测。4种化合物在0.5~50 ng/m L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.999 4,方法的定量下限(LOQ)为2μg/kg。待测物在4种基质中的加标回收率为80.2%~110.5%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~9.7%。该方法简化了前处理过程,消除了基质干扰。利用精确质量数、保留时间、同位素峰比、二级碎片多个定性信息能够实现快速确证测定。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定白芍中10种有机磷农药残留

建立了同时测定中药白芍中10种有机磷农药残留含量的气相色谱–串联质谱方法。样品用乙腈超声提取,提取液经凝胶渗透色谱净化后,以VF–5毛细管色谱柱(30 mm×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,串联四极杆质谱仪为检测器进行定性、定量分析。10种有机磷农药残留的检出限为0.02～4.0 mg/kg,实际样品的加标回收率为75%～105%,相对标准偏差为4%～10%。该方法能够满足白芍中有机磷农药残留的定性、定量检测要求。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定葱中5种双酰肼农药残留

建立了同时分析葱中5种双酰肼农药的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品经乙腈高速匀浆提取,盐析后浓缩,弗罗里硅土柱色谱净化,采用液相色谱-串联质谱分析5种化合物。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。对双酰肼农药主要碎片的裂解方式进行了剖析。实验证明,柱净化后无明显的基质效应,样品中添加0.002～0.2 mg/kg的5种双酰肼,其回收率为72.6%～95.5%,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于15%;检出限为0.5 μg/kg,定量限为2 μg/kg。该方法提取效果好,具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性。     

Organogermyl,Organostannyl, and Organoplumbyl Phosphines,Arsines, Stibines,and Bismuthines

The preparation, properties, and reactions of the compounds named in the title are described, with particular reference to the possible participation of (p→d)_π components in the bonding between the group IVB and the group VB elements.     

Pi bonding and negative hyperconjugation in mono-, di-, and triaminoborane, -alane, -gallane, and -indane

A systematic quantum chemical investigation of mono-, di-, and triaminoborane, -alane, -gallane, and -indane is carried out to determine quantitatively the effects of pi bonding and negative hyperconjugation on structures, energetics, and rotational barriers in these systems. Pi bonding plays a significant role in the aminoborane compounds, but becomes rapidly less significant in the aminoalanes, -gallanes, and -indanes. For each main-group metal X investigated, X-N rotational barriers are found to be essentially equal depending only on the number of remaining in-plane amino groups. The contribution of negative hyperconjugation to reducing rotational barriers, as assessed from natural bond orbital (NBO) delocalization energies, is independent of the pyramidalization of the out-of-plane amino group, and is also dependent only on the number of rotated groups. Optimized tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]-substituted structures of boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium are found to compare quite well with available experimental structural data, and exhibit X-N torsion angles that are independent of the central metal atom.     

Transition-metal-free O-, S-, and N-arylation of alcohols, thiols, amides, amines, and related heterocycles

A new protocol for the Ullmann-type arylation process of different aromatic heterocycles without any transition-metal catalyst, implying the use of a combination of an excess of potassium hydroxide and dimethyl sulfoxide, is described. The reaction can be performed between a broad range of starting nucleophiles including phenol, alcohols, amines, nitrogen-containing five-membered systems such as pyrazoles, imidazoles, and indoles, and amides with haloarenes, iodide and bromide derivatives giving the best results, the possible pathway involving the in situ generation of the corresponding benzyne intermediate. When the reaction was performed with 2-iodoaniline and either carboxamides or isothiocyanato derivatives, the corresponding benzoazole derivatives were obtained.     

Acrolein polymerization: Monodisperse,homo, and hybrido microspheres,synthesis, mechanism,and reactions

Monodisperse polyacrolien (PA) microspheres were obtained by a single step process via two mechanisms: (a) aqueous polymerization of acrolein under alkaline conditions and (b) aqueous radical polymerization of acrolein by irradiation with a cobalt source. The diameter of the former microspheres can be varied from 0.04 up to 8 μm. The monodispersity of the system is also discussed. The diameter of the latter microspheres can be varied up to 0.2 μm. Hybrido PA microspheres were formed by grafting PA microspheres of average diameter of 0.1 μm obtained by irradiation onto the surface of PA microspheres produced by the alkaline mechanism. The aldehyde content of the microspheres prepared by irradiation is much higher than those of the microspheres formed under alkaline conditions. The aldehyde groups were used for the covalent binding of ligands containing primary amino groups, such as proteins and drugs, in a single step under physiological pH.     

Structural, magnetic, and spectroscopic studies of YAgSn, TmAgSn, and LuAgSn

The rare earth-silver-stannides YAgSn, TmAgSn, and LuAgSn were synthesized from the elements by arc-melting and subsequent annealing. The three stannides were investigated by X-ray powder and single-crystal diffraction: NdPtSb type, P6₃mc, Z=2, a=468.3(1), pm, wR₂=0.0343, 353 F² values, 12 variables for YAgSn, and ZrNiAl type, P6¯2 m, a=726.4(2), , wR₂=0.0399, 659 F² values, 15 variables for TmAgSn, and a=723.8(2), , wR₂=0.0674, 364 F² values, 15 variables for LuAgSn. Besides conventional laboratory X-ray data with monochromatized Mo radiation, the structures were also refined on the basis of synchrotron data with , in order to clarify the silver-tin ordering more precisely. YAgSn has puckered, two-dimensional [AgSn] networks with Ag-Sn distances of 278 pm, while the [AgSn] networks of TmAgSn and LuAgSn are three-dimensional with Ag-Sn distances of 279 and 284 pm for LuAgSn. Susceptibility measurements indicate Pauli paramagnetism for YAgSn and LuAgSn. TmAgSn is a Curie-Weiss paramagnet with an experimental magnetic moment of 7.2 μ_B/Tm. No magnetic ordering is evident down to 2 K. The local environments of the tin sites in these compounds were characterized by ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy and solid-state NMR (in YAgSn and LuAgSn), confirming the tin site multiplicities proposed from the structure solutions and the absence of Sn/Ag site disordering. Mössbauer quadrupolar splittings were found in good agreement with calculated electric field gradients predicted quantum chemically by the WIEN2k code. Furthermore, an excellent correlation was found between experimental ¹¹⁹Sn nuclear magnetic shielding anisotropies (determined via MAS-NMR) and calculated electric field gradients. Electronic structure calculations predict metallic properties with strong Ag-Sn bonds and also significant Ag-Ag bonding in LuAgSn.     

Pyrenes,Peropyrenes, and Teropyrenes: Synthesis,Structures, and Photophysical Properties

The design of a relatively simple and efficient method to extend the π‐conjugation of readily available aromatics in one‐dimension is of significant value. In this paper, pyrenes, peropyrenes, and teropyrenes were synthesized through a double or quadruple benzannulation reaction of alkynes promoted by Brønsted acid. This novel method does not involve cyclodehydrogenation (oxidative aryl–aryl coupling) to arrive at the newly incorporated large arene moieties. All of the target compounds were synthesized in moderate to good yields and were fully characterized with the structures unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. As expected, photophysical characterization clearly shows increasing red‐shifts as a function of extended conjugation within the fused ring systems.     

Mild, powerful, and robust methods for esterification, amide formation, and thioesterification between acid chlorides and alcohols, amines, thiols, respectively

We developed two efficient practical methods for esterification, amide formation, and thioesterification between acid chlorides and alcohols, amines, thiols, respectively. The present mild and robust reaction was performed by two separate methods both by combining cheap and readily available amines, N-methylimidazole, and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA). Method A uses catalytic N-methylimidazole and TMEDA with an equimolar amount of K₂CO₃, whereas Method B uses equimolar amounts of N-methylimidazole and TMEDA. The salient features are as follows. (i) With regard to reactivity, Method B was superior to Method A for esterification and thioesterification, whereas cost-effective Method A was superior to Method B for amide formation. (ii) Amide formation proceeded smoothly between acid chlorides and less nucleophilic and stereocongested amines such as 2,6-dichloroaniline. (iii) This protocol was applied to the successful synthesis of two agrochemicals, bromobutide and carpropamid.     

Structure and properties of HOO,HOS, HSO,HSS, FSO,FOS and FSS

High quality SCF-MO calculations are reported for the title molecules, including geometry optimization. One-electron properties are presented and discussed, and relative stabilities of (HOS, HSO) and (FOS, FSO) compared. Little experimental geometric data are available at present, but the calculated and experimental geometries of HO₂ agree well.