P4‐decompositions of regular graphs

In this article, we show that every simple r‐regular graph G admits a balanced P₄‐decomposition if r ≡ 0(mod 3) and G has no cut‐edge when r is odd. We also show that a connected 4‐regular graph G admits a P₄‐decomposition if and only if |E(G)| ≡ 0(mod 3) by characterizing graphs of maximum degree 4 that admit a triangle‐free Eulerian tour. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 31: 135–143, 1999     

Fano contact manifolds and nilpotent orbits

A contact structure on a complex manifold M is a corank 1 subbundle F of T_M such that the bilinear form on F with values in the quotient line bundle L = T_M/F deduced from the Lie bracket of vector fields is everywhere non-degenerate. In this paper we consider the case where M is a Fano manifold; this implies that L is ample.?If is a simple Lie algebra, the unique closed orbit in (for the adjoint action) is a Fano contact manifold; it is conjectured that every Fano contact manifold is obtained in this way. A positive answer would imply an analogous result for compact quaternion-Kahler manifolds with positive scalar curvature, a longstanding question in Riemannian geometry.?In this paper we solve the conjecture under the additional assumptions that the group of contact automorphisms of M is reductive, and that the image of the rational map M P(H ₀(M, L)*) sociated to L has maximum dimension. The proof relies on the properties of the nilpotent orbits in a semi-simple Lie algebra, in particular on the work of R. Brylinski and B. Kostant. Received: July 28, 1997     

Matroid Polytopes and their Volumes

We express the matroid polytope P _M of a matroid M as a signed Minkowski sum of simplices, and obtain a formula for the volume of P _M . This gives a combinatorial expression for the degree of an arbitrary torus orbit closure in the Grassmannian Gr _k,n . We then derive analogous results for the independent set polytope and the underlying flag matroid polytope of M. Our proofs are based on a natural extension of Postnikov’s theory of generalized permutohedra.     

Homogeneity and Canonical Connections of Isoparametric Manifolds

On every isoparametric submanifold M a connection with parallel second fundamental form is constructed geometrically such that M is an orbit of an s-representation if and only if the connection is a canonical one. If the rank of M is greater than one this connection is in case of homogeneity the canonical connection of the reductive decomposition given by the orbit of s-representation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Palais-Smale condition on contact type energy levels for convex Lagrangian systems

We prove that for a uniformly convex Lagrangian system L on a compact manifold M, almost all energy levels contain a periodic orbit. We also prove that below Mañé's critical value of the lift of the Lagrangian to the universal cover, c _u (L), almost all energy levels have conjugate points. We in addition prove that if an energy level is of contact type, projects onto M and $M\ne{\mathbb T}^2We prove that for a uniformly convex Lagrangian system L on a compact manifold M, almost all energy levels contain a periodic orbit. We also prove that below Ma?é's critical value of the lift of the Lagrangian to the universal cover, c _u (L), almost all energy levels have conjugate points.We in addition prove that if an energy level is of contact type, projects onto M and , then the free time action functional of L+k satisfies the Palais-Smale condition.Partially supported by Conacyt, Mexico, grant 36496-E.     

A Remark on the Reduction of Cauchy–Riemann Manifolds

The concept of a moment map for an action of a real Lie group by CR–diffeomorphisms on a CR–manifold M of hypersurface type is introduced. It gives rise to a natural reduction procedure in the sense that we construct a CR–structure on an associated orbit manifold M₀ for the case that the group acts freely and properly on M.     

Circle actions on 4-manifolds I

Using cohomological methods it is proved that the intersection form of a closed (cohomology-) 4-manifoldM withH ₁(M)=0 which admits a non-trivial circle action is the sum of one- and two-dimensional forms provided every fixed point has a neighbourhood containing at most 4 orbit types.     

Bushell's equations and polar decompositions

We show that for any real number t with t ≠ ±1, every invertible operator M on a Hilbert space admits a new polar decomposition M = PUP^–t where P is positive definite and U is unitary, and that the corresponding polar map is homeomorphism. The positive definite factor P of M appears as the negative square root of the unique positive definite solution of the nonlinear operator equation X^t = M * XM. This extends the classical matrix and operator polar decomposition when t = 0. For t = ± 1, it is shown that the positive definite solution sets of X^±1 = M * XM form geodesic submanifolds of the Banach–Finsler manifold of positive definite operators and coincide with fixed point sets of certain non‐expansive mappings, respectively (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Irreducible decompositions of unitary representations of infinite- dimensional groups

This paper concerns the problem of irreducible decompositions of unitary representations of topological groups G, including the group Diff₀(M) of diffeomorphisms with compact support on smooth manifolds M. It is well known that the problem is affirmative, when G is a locally compact, separable group (cf. [3, 4]). We extend this result to infinite-dimensional groups with appropriate quasi-invariant measures, and, in particular, we show that every continuous unitary representation of Diff₀(M) has an irreducible decomposition under a fairly mild condition. This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No.14540167), Japan Socieity of the Promotion of Science.     

Opérateurs elliptiques sur les variétés non compactes

Soient M une variété, V un ouvert de M, et P un opérateur différentiel elliptique du second ordre, à coefficients C^∞ et réels tel que P1 0. Soit A_V l'opérateur induit par P dans l'espace de Banach C₀(V) des fonctions continues sur V nulles au point à l'infini de V, muni de la norme du suprémum. On démontre que A_V engendre un semi-groupe fortement continu à contraction ssi il existe K compact de V, h fonction continue strictement positive dans VβK et nulle au point à l'infini de V telle que (1 − P) h soit la distribution associée à une fonction continue non négative dans VβK. On en déduit immédiatement un résultat bien connu: si M est une variété de Cartan-Hadamard, A_M engendre un semi-groupe fortement continu à contraction dans C₀(M).Let M be a manifold, V an open set of M, and P an elliptic differential operator of the second order, with real C^∞ coefficients and such that P1 0. Let A_V be the operator induced by P in the complex Banach space C₀(V) of all continuous functions vanishing at the point at infinity of V, endowed with the supremum norm. One proves that A_V generates a strongly continuous contraction semi-group iff there exists K compact of V, h continuous strictly positive in VβK and 0 at infinity of V such that (1 − P) h is the distribution associated to a nonnegative continuous function in VβK. One deduces immediately from that a well-known result: if M is a Cartan-Hadamard manifold, A_M generates a strongly continuous contraction semigroup in C₀(M).     

Degenerations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>[<Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis>]/(<Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis><Superscript>r</Superscript>)-Modules Giving Stratification of the Orbits

Let Λ be a finitely generated associative k-algebra where k is an algebraically closed field. For each natural number d, we have the variety of d-dimensional module structures on k^d given by the multiplication of the elements from a generating set of Λ. The general linear group Gl_d(k) acts on this variety by conjugation and the orbits under this action correspond to isomorphism classes of d-dimensional Λ-modules. For two d-dimensional Λ-modules M and N one says that M degenerates to N if the orbit corresponding to N is in the Zariski-closure of the orbit corresponding to M. Now in this situation the stabilizers of the elements in the orbit corresponding to N acts on the orbit corresponding to M. In this paper we characterize degenerations of k[t]/(t^r)-modules with the property that for each y in the orbit corresponding to N, there is an x_y in the orbit corresponding to M such that the orbit corresponding to M is the disjoint union of orbits of the x_y’s under the action of the stabilizer of y where y runs through the orbit corresponding to N. Presented by Idun ReitenMathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 14L30, 16G10.     

Profinite properties of graph manifolds

Let M be a closed, orientable, irreducible, geometrizable 3-manifold. We prove that the profinite topology on the fundamental group of π ₁(M) is efficient with respect to the JSJ decomposition of M. We go on to prove that π ₁(M) is good, in the sense of Serre, if all the pieces of the JSJ decomposition are. We also prove that if M is a graph manifold then π ₁(M) is conjugacy separable.     

A splitting theorem for the Medvedev and Muchnik lattices

This is a contribution to the study of the Muchnik and Medvedev lattices of non‐empty Π⁰₁ subsets of 2^ω. In both these lattices, any non‐minimum element can be split, i. e. it is the non‐trivial join of two other elements. In fact, in the Medvedev case, ifP > _M Q, then P can be split above Q. Both of these facts are then generalised to the embedding of arbitrary finite distributive lattices. A consequence of this is that both lattices have decidible ?‐theories.     

An Algorithm to Construct Gilbert's Decomposition and Its Implementation for the Circuit Design Problem

An algorithm is proposed for the construction of monotone Boolean functions M ₀, M ₁,..., M _k in the decomposition of the Boolean function _f or some extension of f. The decomposition is applied to implement a circuit design algorithm that evaluates f in real LSI microelectronics devices. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Matematika i Informatika, No. 18, pp. 108–121, 2004.     

über eine Klasse Riemannscher Mannigfaltigkeiten mit raumartigen pkf-ZusammenhÄngen

One considers m-dimensional Riemannian manifoldsM with tangent spaces T_p(M), p M that are a direct sum of a spacelike m-2 planeR _p and a 2-planeH _p. It is supposed that onM there exists a connection whose space-like components are parallel conformal flat (pkf). These components are generated by a vector field X. Assuming that X belongs to a pair X,Y of reciprocal quasi-cocircular vector fields and that the Pfaffian of this pair is the 1-form associated with the connection, the following results are derived: 1. X and Y are of equal constant length (This is true for all Riemannian manifolds). 2. The immersion of the integral manifold ofH _p intoM is cylindrical and the normal connection is flat. 3. The immersion of any space-like submanifold intoM is cylindrical with respect to the sections inH _p and umbilical with respect to all spacelike sections. 4. If m 4, the integral manifoldP _p is flat.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. WERNER BURAU zum 70.Geburtstag Klaus Buchner und Radu Rosca     

A Cohen-type theorem for Artinian modules

We show that a finitely embedded module M over a commutative ring R is Artinian if the factor module M/(0 :_M P) is finitely embedded for every prime ideal P of R. Received: 10 June 2005     

On the Order Dimension of Outerplanar Maps

Schnyder characterized planar graphs in terms of order dimension. Brightwell and Trotter proved that the dimension of the vertex-edge-face poset P _M of a planar map M is at most four. In this paper we investigate cases where dim(P _M ) ≤ 3 and also where dim(Q _M ) ≤ 3; here Q _M denotes the vertex-face poset of M. We show:

Characterizations of continuous and Lipschitz continuous metric selections in normed linear spaces

Characterizations are given of when the metric projection P_M onto a proximal subspace M has a continuous, pointwise Lipschitz continuous, or Lipschitz continuous selection. Moreover, it is shown that ifP_M has a continuous selection, then it has one which is also homogeneous and additive modulo M. An analogous result holds if P_M has a pointwise Lipschitz or Lipschitz continuous selection provided that M is complemented. If dimM < ∞ and P_M is Lipschitz (resp. pointwise Lipschitz) continuous, then P_M has a Lipschitz (resp. pointwise Lipschitz) continuous selection. A conjecture of R. Holmes and B. Kripke (Michigan Math. J. 15 (1968), 225–248) is resolved.     

On functorial decompositions of self-smash products

We give a decomposition formula for n-fold self smash of a two-cell suspension X localized at 2. The mod 2 homology of each factor in the decomposition is explicitly given as a module over the Steenrod algebra and in the case where X is formed by suspending one of P²,P²,P² or P², this is a complete decomposition into indecomposable pieces. The method has consequences in the modular representation theory of the symmetric group where it leads to a computation of the submatrix for the decomposition matrix of the group algebra /2[S_n] which correspond to partitions of length 2. In particular this yields a derivation of the explicit formula due to Erdmann which gives the multiplicities in the decomposition of /2[S_n] of the indecomposable projective modules which correspond to those partitions.