Organizational Theory, Organizational Communication, Organizational Knowledge, and Problematic Integration

In this paper we argue that 3 traditions of theory about organizational communication have special relevance to the ideas of problematic integration theory. In the rational structure tradition, organizations are described as mechanisms for suppressing or overcoming integration problems, as rationally designed communication processes achieve a system-level resolution that may ignore or override any individually experienced integration problems. In the organizing process theory tradition, values are recognized as important elements guiding organizational sense making or emerging through organizing or learning, but amazingly diverse and unintegrated social structures can stand as resolutions (broadly defined) of integration problems. Finally, in the structurational tradition, the diverse values of organizational groups are treated as emerging and being resolved in many ways in local practice, whereas structural constraints imply that local resolutions will enter into a body of generally relevant organizational knowledge only in limited ways.     

一种恒流单级电源管理芯片

设计了一种用运放控制大功率MOSFET实现恒流充放电的单级电源管理电路结构,可以根据需求外接电阻,实现100mA～2.09A之间任意电流值的恒流充电和50mA～382mA之间任意电流值的恒流放电;该电路结构简单,功能完备,功耗低.采用3μm CMOS工艺制造芯片.     

GJB5000A体系中基于V模型的软件测试流程

软件测试模型是软件测试工作开展的依据,合理的软件测试流程是提升软件测试质量的重要保障。文中通过对V模型及GJB5000A体系中基于V模型的软件测试流程进行了介绍与分析,结合当前软件测试工程实践,提出了一种更合理有效的软件测试流程。该流程能更好地管理软件测试过程的系列活动,提高了软件测试效率及质量。     

Organizational factors in post-acquisition performance

A study is reported based on 31 acquisitions for which data have been obtained from executives in the acquired divisions as well as the corporate officers by structured interviews and questionnaires. The study shows a lack of relationship between the professed motives of acquisition and post-acquisition performance. It seems that the lure of quick profitable growth through acquisition does not often materialize regardless of motive. The level of integration between the acquired division and its parent is shown to affect performance measured in terms of sales, profit, return on investment, market share growth, innovation, and broadening of customer base. The post-acquisition performance is also dependent on a variety of other factors including the assistance accorded to the division by the corporate organization. Intensive communication between the acquired division and the other organizational units on technology, joint projects, etc. are key elements in sharing the strategic capabilities. Increased level of formalization in resource allocation and other management decision areas adversely affects performance     

Organizational emergence in networked collaboration

Research on complex adaptive systems has generated several conceptual parables to explain systems with emergent behaviour. One prominent use for terms such as self‐organization, evolutionary trajectories, co‐evolution and punctuated equilibrium has been in understanding human organizations. In such systems, emergent behaviour is demonstrated in novel structures, processes and spin‐offs that cannot be explained just by studying single components of the organization and the intelligence embedded in them. Instead of solely exploiting the qualitative explanatory power of the evolutionary concepts, this paper focuses also on quantitative methods to track emergent behaviour in a globally distributed, constantly fluctuating and highly networked project organization. The underlying case is that of CERN (CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, has its headquarters in Geneva. At present, its Member States are Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Israel, the Russian Federation, Turkey, Yugoslavia (status suspended after the UN embargo, June 1992), the European Commission and UNESCO have observer status.) and its decade long accelerator project, which strongly relies on electronic communication and networking to achieve its major objectives due to be accomplished by the year 2006. By using time series and self‐organizing maps to analyse the global interaction among project groups and individuals the paper provides new insight to the understanding of emergent behaviour in human organizations. The key result of the study concerns the rigid deep structure of each case organization that seems to remain intact for the duration of the whole project. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中、小型会议厅扬声器布局探讨

针对当前中、小型会议厅扬声器布局存在的问题和解决办法提出建议,要在提高传声增益的同时取得较好的声、像一致性.     

中、小电视台演播室音响系统设备配置实例

演播室的音响系统作为电视台演播室的关键设备之一,将直接影响到节目制作的优劣.主要从实践、实用的角度,对演播室音响系统的技术要求、设计原则、系统配置进行了简要概述.     

科普调查问卷及其设计技巧的探析

在整个科普体系中,调查问卷是许多科普理论探索与科普实践的基础。结合大量的问卷实例,讨论了调查问卷的类型和结构,分析了相关问卷设计的要素与产生差错的原因。进而,提出了提高科普调查及其问题设计的技巧,即＂鱼刺图——调查问题＂设计流程及其主要内容。     

Telecommunications and Organizational Decentralization

In recent years, several phenomena have caused significant pressures on the traditional, centralized urban structure. These phenomena include urban sprawl, separation of business and residential areas and concomitant dependence on transportation, the absence of effective or widespread mass transit, and declining oil reserves with rising energy costs. These conditions have made decentralization more attractive to many large organizations currently located in the central business districts (CBD's) of major urban areas. The increasing availability of sophisticated communications and computer technologies may encourage the continued growth and future decentralization of "information industries," thereby producing major urban changes. The telecommunicationsaugmented decentralization of a traditional, centralized organization to a diffused one with an intraorganizational telecommunications network is described. The key factors in this process are discussed: 1) the ability of new telecommunications and computer technologies to maintain or increase productivity for routine clerical and management functions, 2) their availability, and 3) their costs relative to urban transportation systems. Telecommunications-augmented decentralization can have significant impacts on transportation, telecommunications, labor, and land-use policies; specific areas of impact are discussed.     

Amendments to Organizational Theorizing

A reexamination of the methods and subjects of theory is proposed. Organizational scholars are urged to avoid big business organizations and to examine, instead, everyday events, places, and questions, micro-organizations, and absurd organizations. In these sites, organizationally relevant phenomena are more visible and available for hypothesis generation than in complex organizations.     

钻孔参数个性化设置的软件开发

为了提高生产效率、节约成本、改善品质,必须针对各个板件的钻孔参数实行个性化设置的,但参数选择的复杂性制约了钻孔参数个性化的应用。通过自行开发的钻孔参数选择软件,简便的实现了钻孔参数的个性化设置。     

关于频谱仪最佳参数设置的研究

频谱仪的最佳工作状态是由诸多参数决定的．而各种参数之间又相互关联，因此在设置频谱仪时需要统筹考虑。本文从频谱仪基本原理出发。深入探讨了各参数间的关系．提出了在实际工程中设置频谱仪时应注意的若干原则，对实际工作具有指导意义。     

阀控式铅酸蓄电池工作点的正确设置

阐述了阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池工作点正确设置方法，以及在通信电源监控系统中如何处理解决好电池所存在的问题，并对通信运营企业维护人员在电池维护中应注意事项提出了建设性意见。     

彩色显示器亮度和对比度的最优化设置

实验研究了彩色显示器亮度和对比度设置对显示器颜色特性的影响.将Neso彩色显示器的亮度和对比度分别设置为最大值的20、50、80和100 %共16种组合,详细地测试和比较了每种设置下显示器的黑点亮度、白点亮度、阶调再现曲线(TRC)、通道可加性、色域和色品恒定性等颜色特性,实验结果表明,亮度设置对黑点亮度影响明显,对比度设置主要影响的白点亮度,黑点对通道可加性、色域和色品恒定性影响很大.通过亮度、对比度设置使黑点亮度尽可能小,白场亮度达到使用要求,同时TRC不出现"横剪切"和"纵剪切"现象,则显示器达到了最优化设置.     

Influence of Internal Communication on Technological Proactivity,Organizational Learning,and Organizational Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Sector

This investigation formulates a global model to analyze the influence of internal communication (IC) on technological proactivity (TP), organizational learning (OL), and organizational innovation (OI); the direct and indirect relationships between these strategic variables; and the influence of OI on organizational performance (OP). The hypotheses are tested using data from 164 European and U.S. technological firms. The results show that (a) IC influences TP, OL, and OI; (b) TP influences OL and OI, and OL influences OI; and (c) OI influences OP. This article discusses these findings and provides several implications for future research.     

Sociopolitical Consequences of Organizational Expression

This paper reports on a content analysis of newspaper accounts of the sociopolitical opposition encountered by the head of a large state government agency who was forced to publicly apologize after attempting to control the external communication of an agency staff member with a widespread reputation for organizational dissent. Results of the analysis support hypotheses based on institutional theory that propose significant relationships, as illustrated in these press accounts, (a) between the staff member's dissent, favorable legitimacy assessments of him, and external opposition to the agency; and (b) between the agency head's lack of sociopolitical legitimacy and external opposition. The study underscores the importance of better specifying the institutional character of organizations in interaction with their social environments. It also discusses the academic and applied implications of these findings for the emerging topic of freedom of expression in organizations.