SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-TiO_2-SiO_2固体酸催化苯乙烯选择氧化反应的研究

制备了一种 SO2 -4 促进的金属氧化物固体酸 SO2 -4 / Zr O2 - Ti O2 - Si O2 ,并将其用于催化C6H5C2 H3的选择氧化反应 ,发现该新型固体酸具有较高的活性和选择性 ,C6H5C2 H3转化率达 1 0 .73% ,C6H5C2 H3O选择性达 2 0 .73%。随着 Ti含量的增大 ,催化活性提高 ;用共沉淀法比用浸渍法能更有效地在固体酸中形成选择氧化活性结构。用 IR,XRD等方法进行的表征表明 ,反应的选择氧化活性位可能含有 Zr,Si,O,Ti等成分。     

室温条件下硝酸羟胺的催化分解

 采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列以Al2O3和SiO2为载体的负载型贵金属催化剂. 用热重法考察了催化剂对80%硝酸羟胺推进剂的分解活性. 结果表明, Ir/SiO2催化剂能够在室温以下(20.7 ℃)催化分解80%硝酸羟胺,显示出该催化体系在环境友好的单组元推进器上具有很大的应用潜力. H2化学吸附实验表明, Ir/SiO2 具有比 Ir/Al2O3更大的Ir颗粒,这可能是造成前者活性比后者高的原因之一.     

添加金属氧化物的V2O5/AC在烟气脱SO2及脱SO2后H2再生制备硫磺的活性研究

干法脱除烟气SO2的多种催化剂均可在H2气氛中再生,直接制备硫磺。该过程的实现不仅要求再生尾气循环,而且要求催化剂具有双重功能,即在脱硫过程中催化氧化SO2为H2SO4以及在再生过程中将催化还原释放出的SO2进一步转化为硫磺。添加有金属氧化物的V2O5/AC催化剂具备双重功能。着重考察了添加Ce、W、Fe、Co 等氧化物的V2O5/AC催化剂烟气SO2脱除能力及脱除SO2后经H2再生制备硫磺的能力,并对添加Co的催化剂进行了优化。结果表明,在这类催化剂中,对烟气脱SO2起主要催化氧化作用的是V2O5,对H2再生硫磺制备起作用的是添加的金属氧化物。除Ce2O3外,WO3、Fe2O3和CoO都提高了再生中的硫磺收率,CoO的作用最为显著。较合适的催化剂组成是1%V2O5和0.5%CoO。这些金属氧化物在AC上的担载方法,对烟气脱SO2和H2再生结果的影响不明显。硫磺的生成需要CoO向CoS2的转变,再生后催化剂上残余有部分CoS2,且残余硫量还与V2O5量有关。     

活性炭负载金属氧化物催化NO直接分解

采用浸渍法制备了活性炭负载过渡金属氧化物催化剂,并用于催化NO直接分解为N_2的研究。采用XRD和TEM对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了不同金属氧化物活性组分、负载量、烟气浓度和空速对催化剂催化分解NO活性的影响。XRD测试结果显示镍基催化剂主要以NiO形态存在,且NiO/AC催化剂具有较好的NO催化分解活性,当反应温度为450℃时NO转化率可达100%。     

KNO_3/AC负载型固体碱气相催化合成CF_3I的性能

考察了KNO3/AC负载型固体碱催化剂对五氟乙烷和碘气相碘化合成CF3I反应的催化性能.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、N2物理吸附、热分析-质谱联用(DSC/TG-MS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段研究了改性前后活性炭载体的表面性质和KNO3在载体表面的分解行为.结果表明,KNO3负载到活性炭载体,其分解温度从527℃降至250℃,DSC/TG-MS、FT-IR表征确定了KNO3在活性炭载体上的分解区间为250℃～400℃,源于活性组份与载体的强相互作用.XRD表征显示随着焙烧温度的提高,KNO3逐渐分解成KOx碱性物种.催化剂评价结果显示,在常压下反应温度为500℃,空速100 h-1,n(C2F5H)/n(I2)=1的条件下,C2F5H的转化率为49.7%,CF3I的选择性为70.5%.     

乙烯渣油沥青基活性炭纤维和粘胶基活性炭纤维的表面性质与脱硫活性

研究了在O2和H2O存在下,乙烯渣油沥青基活性炭纤维(ETPACF)和粘胶基活性炭纤维(CelluloseACF)的脱硫活性.结果表明,在比表面积相近的情况下,ETPACF的脱硫活性明显低于CelluloseACF,这可归因于后者具有较强的吸附和催化氧化SO2能力及较大的吸水量,尤其是具有较强的催化氧化SO2的能力,这些能力又与其表面含有含氮官能团以及某些含氧官能团有关,因此ACF的表面官能团对其脱硫活性影响很大.     

微波场下非贵金属氧化物的升温行为和烹饪油烟的催化净化性能研究

在考察了多种金属氧化物在微波场下升温性能的基础上,制备了用于烹饪油烟催化净化的非贵金属催化剂.实验表明,VB族、V族、B族和B族元素氧化物在微波中升温效果明显,其中Co、Ni和V三种元素氧化物的升温效果最好.涂覆氧化铝的蜂窝堇青石负载V2O5的催化剂具有较稳定的吸波升温性和高油烟催化净化活性.添加La2O3后负载型V2O5催化剂活性明显增加,在微波条件下,含有1%La2O3的负载型V2O5催化剂在150℃可使油烟净化率达到88%以上.     

活性炭催化苯一步羟基化制备苯酚(英文)

将市售活性炭经过硝酸、过氧化氢及不同温度进行处理后用于苯的羟基化反应,并研究了活性炭催化苯羟基化反应机理.用Boehm滴定,N2吸附-脱附及X射线光电子能谱对活性炭进行了表征.结果表明,反应体系的pH对催化剂活性具有重要的影响,活性炭对苯的吸附受表面含氧基团含量的影响.模型化合物反应结果表明,活性炭表面的酚羟基和羰基是反应的活性位,两者可相互转化,并在一定的pH条件下达到平衡,该转化使得H2O2活化为羟基自由基,进而与苯反应生成苯酚.在苯羟基化反应中,活性炭表现出良好且稳定的催化性能,苯酚收率可达14.4%.     

Ni/Zn/Cr系复合金属氧化物的制备及其光催化还原二氧化碳性能研究

以共沉淀法合成的Ni/Zn/Cr系层状金属氢氧化物(LDHs)经不同温度焙烧获得相应的复合金属氧化物,利用XRD、TG、XPS、TEM、BET和UV-Vis等表征手段对所制备样品的结构、组成、形貌以及吸光特性等进行了分析,并考察了样品在常温常压下光催化还原CO2(g)+H2O(g)的性能.结果表明,以Ni/Zn/Cr-LDHs为前驱体经5 00℃焙烧后可得到晶粒尺寸小、分散均匀度高的多相复合金属氧化物,主晶相为纳米尺度的NiO、Cr2O3、ZnCr2O4和NiCr2O4,在这些金属氧化物的协同作用下,样品表现出较好的光催化还原二氧化碳活性,主产物为CH4和CO.     

Co-M(M=La,Ce, Fe,Mn, Cu,Cr)复合金属氧化物催化分解N2O

通过共沉淀法制备了一系列Co-M(M= La, Ce, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr)复合金属氧化物及纯Co3O4催化剂, 考察了其催化分解N2O 的活性. 结果表明在研究的系列催化剂中, Co-Ce 复合氧化物催化剂具有最好的催化分解N2O的活性; 其活性与Ce/Co 摩尔比有直接的关系, 当Ce/Co 摩尔比为0.05 时(CoCe0.05 催化剂)催化活性最佳; 当有NO 和O2共存时, 可能在催化剂活性中心上形成表面硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐吸附物种而使其活性受到较大影响. 通过对Co-M 催化剂的XRD、BET、O2-TPD及H2-TPR 等表征结果的分析, 发现作为主要活性位的Co2+的氧化还原能力是影响催化剂活性的主要原因. 这是因为根据反应机理, N2O 的表面分解步骤与Co2+氧化成Co3+的能力相关, 而吸附氧的脱附与Co3+还原成Co2+的能力相关. 在所研究的催化剂中, 添加除CeO2之外的其它过渡金属氧化物时, 催化剂中Co3+/Co2+的氧化还原能力降低, 因此其催化性能降低. 另外, 添加不同过渡金属氧化物也改变了N2O 催化分解反应的速控步骤.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.