宽频带熔锥型耦合器的变化分析

利用变分法对腐蚀熔锥型非对称单模光纤耦合器的耦合特性进行了分析.文中根据耦合器的光纤参数及截面尺寸,用有效平行波导模型,对自制的弱融型熔锥耦合器的转换功率随波长变化曲线进行了计算.结果表明,不仅宽频带特性的理论曲线与实验符合得较好,而且耦合器的耦合特性对二光纤的芯径比及熔锥长度的变化十分灵敏,这也与实验相符.     

用两段式波导模型研究3dB宽带光纤耦合器

报道了用两段式组合波导模型分析研究３ｄＢ宽频带熔锥型单模光纤耦合器。根据文献［１］用两根阶跃型单模光纤，使其中一根光纤的熔锥区腐蚀变细，熔融拉锥成两段式的准双锥体组合波导，分别用变分理论和传统的耦合波理论分析横截面近似不变的腰部区域和横截面随从向距离变化的梯度区域内的耦合行为，耦合器的耦合功率是这两段区域耦合功率的叠加。从而得到了耦合器中任意点的耦合功率表达式。用光纤参数和适当的组合波导横截面尺寸     

熔锥型光纤耦合器宽带特性研究

报道了在常规熔锥型单模光纤定向耦合器工艺基础上，以氢氟酸腐蚀法，将两光纤耦合区直径腐蚀成适当比例，用水平直接熔融拉锥系统，将耦合区域拉制成非对称臂组合波导，从而获得了具有宽频带特性、且尺寸较小的单模光纤定向耦合器，实验结果说明：通过控制耦合区长度，可以使耦合器耦合功率在某个特定波长附近、预定小于１００％分束比上具有相当平坦（宽带）特性；从而，通过控制组合波导的不同直径比，可望得到不同分束比宽带耦合     

熔锥型光纤耦合器的扭转响应

对熔锥型光纤耦合器进行了扭转响应研究.通过放置在耦合器一端的旋转装置对未封装的熔锥型光纤耦合器耦合区施加扭转作用.实验表明:耦合器的耦合比不但对扭转作用敏感,而且变化呈单调性;同时耦合器的附加损耗和工作波长不受扭转作用影响,并且这种扭转操作具有可重复性.通过扭转操作能够对生产出来偏离预定耦合比的耦合器进行调整,使之符合产品要求,提高生产效率.     

Y型熔锥光纤耦合器的应变响应

本文对已广泛应用于光纤通信或作为光纤传感系统中处理元件的Y型单模熔锥光纤耦合器对应变的响应进行了研究.在悬臂梁上进行的应变实验表明,该型耦合器的耦合比不但对应变敏感,而且有单调性.其中,值得注意的是Y型耦合器的应变响应灵敏度高于结构检测中常用的电阻应变片对应变的响应灵敏度.     

用于光纤光栅解调的波长敏感光纤耦合器

为了拓宽光纤耦合器的使用范围,开发光纤耦合器的新功能,采用熔锥技术制作波长敏感耦合器,该耦合器在分光的同时对波长敏感。通过耦合理论验证实验结果,实验数据与理论值相符合。实验中得到波长灵敏度最大值为17.86%/nm的耦合器。采用拉锥工艺制作波长敏感耦合器工艺简单,耦合比峰值对应波长控制易于实现。该耦合器可用于光纤光栅布拉格波长漂移解调。令待解调光纤光栅布拉格波长与耦合器波长灵敏度最大值对应的波长一致,当波长发生漂移时,耦合器输出耦合比发生变化。自制的波长敏感耦合器实现了对布拉格波长为1566.71 nm光纤光栅波长漂移的解调,波长漂移1.80 nm,耦合比变化20.34%。此种解调方式具有光路简单,易于与光纤匹配的优点,可以应用在大型建筑中光纤光栅的健康监测。     

一种新型结构的单模光纤1×4分束器

以线性耦合波方程为基础，分析了具有平面型结构的五光纤耦合系统的功率耦合特性，提出了研制新型结构的单模光纤１×４分束器的方法，并经实验验证。所研制的１×４分束器的性能和外形尺寸与常规的２×２单模光纤耦合器相比，都较为接近。     

2×2熔锥型单模光纤耦合器的模型

选择适当的连续函数描述了熔锥型耦合器熔锥形状的渐变特性及其相互位置关系,然后分别应用局部模式理论和变分法分析了横截面沿纵向变化的锥形区域和横截面近似不变的耦合区域内的耦合行为,得出了耦合器中任一横截面处的耦合系数和耦合功率表达式计算表明,熔锥型耦合器的总功率耦合主要发生在耦合区域,在两锥形区域,对于纤芯归一化频率小于1.08的部分,也发生了相当程度的耦合为了使耦合器的理论模型更接近于实际物理情况,锥形区域的耦合作用也是不容忽略的,从而得到了一个更精细的熔锥型光纤耦合器的模型.     

宽频带光纤耦合器的近似模型和实验验证

本文用理论分析证明了将单模光纤耦合器的腰部熔锥区域简化成等效平行波导的近似模型必须作弱导近似和弱耦合近似,并在实践上用弱熔锥工艺制成了宽频带单模光纤耦合器,对该器件有关参量和尺寸的测量及计算,表明具有哑铃形腰部横截面结构的宽频带熔锥型耦合器的组合波导满足弱导近似和近似条件,用等效平行波导的近似模型计算耦合器转换功率随波长变化的曲线,不仅宽频带特性的理论曲线与实验符合得好,而且耦合器的耦合特性对二光纤芯径比及熔锥长度变化十分灵敏,这也是与实验相符。     

熔锥型熊猫光纤耦合器的传输特性分析

熔锥型保偏耦合器的传输特性决定了其光学原理与功能的实现。为了从理论上分析各参量对保偏耦合器传输特性的影响,基于热-结构-电磁多物理场耦合理论,建立了熔锥型熊猫光纤耦合器双锥模型,应用有限元法,分析了各参量对熊猫光纤耦合器传输特性的影响。结果表明应力区与包层折射率差影响耦合区纵向电磁场的分布,折射率差越大,纵向电磁场分布的变形也越大;HE1x1模和HEy11模的传播常量对偏振主轴角度差不敏感,偏振主轴角度差是通过耦合系数进而影响保偏光纤耦合器的消光比的;HE1x1模的传播常量对熔锥的熔锥区横截面椭圆率比较敏感,横截面椭圆率变化6.67%时Δβx11变化0.14%,计算结果表明当熔锥区横截面椭圆率为0.56时可获得较高性能的耦合器。     

Passive T-bus with asymmetrical 4-port couplers

A newly designed 4-port coupler in planar technology is described. The axes of the coupling fibers are mutually offset as before, but the input fiber is thinner than the other three, and its diameter is matched to the emitting surface area of the light source serving as a transmitter. Low insertion loss and high coupling efficiency are realized through the choice of favorable dimensions. Graphs show the output coupling efficiency, input coupling loss, and insertion loss with step-index fibers as a function of the axial offset. The maximum number of terminals that can be connected to the T-bus is calculated for various conditions. The number of terminals is found to be about 40% higher than is possible with the coupler with four identical fibers.     

Passive T-bus with asymmetrical 4-port couplers

Abstract

A newly designed 4-port coupler in planar technology is described. The axes of the coupling fibers are mutually offset as before, but the input fiber is thinner than the other three, and its diameter is matched to the emitting surface area of the light source serving as a transmitter. Low insertion loss and high coupling efficiency are realized through the choice of favorable dimensions. Graphs show the output coupling efficiency, input coupling loss, and insertion loss with step-index fibers as a function of the axial offset. The maximum number of terminals that can be connected to the T-bus is calculated for various conditions. The number of terminals is found to be about 40% higher than is possible with the coupler with four identical fibers.     

单模光纤与Ti:LiNbO3单模平面光波导端面激励耦合的研究

本文报导一个单模光纤与单模Ti扩散LiNbO3光波导的端面耦合及固定连接实验研究.利用电弧烧熔法在单模光纤端面上制成了微透镜,改善了模场匹配程度,采用二维硅V形糟,提高了光纤与波导的对准精度。     

Tunable graphene-based mid-infrared band-pass planar filter and its application

We have designed and proposed the edge modes supported by graphene ribbons and the planar band-pass filter consisting of graphene ribbons coupled to a graphene ring resonator by using the finite-difference time-domain numerical method.Simulation results show that the edge modes improve the electromagnetic coupling between devices. This structure works as a novel, tunable mid-infrared band-pass filter. Our studies will benefit the fabrication of planar, ultra-compact nano-scale devices in the mid-infrared region. A power splitter consisting of two output ribbons that is useful in photonic integrated devices and circuits is also designed and simulated. These devices are useful for designing ultra-compact planar devices in photonic integrated circuits.     

Coupling Fibers to Planar Waveguides Using a High-Temperature Epoxy

Computer simulation was used to understand the adhesive-based coupling of optical fibers to planar waveguides with a view to adhesive development. Satisfactory coupling performance could be achieved with facet-angled fibers and waveguides, regardless of the adhesive's index and optical loss. A high-temperature epoxy adhesive was developed for coupling applications based on the simulation. The adhesive is able to achieve a material-related loss of -0.05 dB and a back-reflection loss of less than -50 dB in the coupling. In addition, the adhesive has excellent mechanical and thermal properties and can easily meet the Telcordia standard GR1221 while withstanding high temperatures and high optical power.     

Coupling Fibers to Planar Waveguides Using a High-Temperature Epoxy

Computer simulation was used to understand the adhesive-based coupling of optical fibers to planar waveguides with a view to adhesive development. Satisfactory coupling performance could be achieved with facet-angled fibers and waveguides, regardless of the adhesive’s index and optical loss. A high-temperature epoxy adhesive was developed for coupling applications based on the simulation. The adhesive is able to achieve a material-related loss of ?0.05 dB and a back-reflection loss of less than ?50 dB in the coupling. In addition, the adhesive has excellent mechanical and thermal properties and can easily meet the Telcordia standard GR1221 while withstanding high temperatures and high optical power.     

脉冲天线阵列时域辐射场快速计算的简化方法

采用有源单元方向图思想，在考虑互耦情况下，将大型脉冲阵列天线各单元的时域方向图用相似环境下小型阵列的有源单元方向图来等效，进而叠加计算辐射总场。以此为基础，结合时域辐射原理改进了上述方法。通过公式推导得出:一个大型线阵或大型平面阵的时域辐射场可分别通过两个小型线阵或四个小型平面阵的时域辐射总场计算得到，避免了传统方法中小阵有源单元方向图逐元提取的繁琐操作。采用上述方法分别计算了一个13元线阵和一个1113元平面阵列，计算结果与软件仿真结果吻合良好，与传统的小阵外推方法相比，直线阵列和平面阵列的计算量分别减少了56.8%和81.17%。     

Single etch grating couplers for mass fabrication with DUV lithography

Surface grating couplers enable efficient coupling of light between optical fibers and planar waveguide circuits. While traditional grating designs require two etch steps for efficient coupling to silicon-on-insulator waveguides, recently proposed subwavelength structured gratings can achieve the same coupling efficiencies with a single etch step, thereby significantly reducing fabrication complexity. Here we demonstrate that such couplers can be fabricated on a large scale with ultra-violet lithography, achieving a 5?dB coupling efficiency at 1,550?nm. Through both simulations and experiments we give physical insight on how pattern fidelity impacts the performance of these couplers, and propose strategies to deal with inevitable process variations.     

平板型感应耦合等离子体源的线圈配置对功率耦合效率的影响

基于感应耦合等离子体的变压器模型，分析了感应耦合等离子体的功率耦合效率与线圈配置(几何尺寸、电学参量)及等离子体基本参量(等离子体电子密度、电子-中性粒子有效碰撞频率)之间的关系；然后，改变平板型线圈的匝数从而改变了线圈的几何尺寸、电学参量，并且测量出了不同的线圈所对应的功率耦合效率.实验结果表明，线圈的电感量是能否实现放电的决定性因素；而功率耦合效率则与感应线圈的Q值、放电参量(气压、功率)等密切相关，射频输入功率的增加、放电气压的上升都会导致感应耦合等离子体耦合效率的提高，这与感应耦合等离子体的变压器模型预测结果是符合的. 然而，变压器模型给出的提高线圈Q值可导致耦合效率增强的预测结果仅适用于同等电感量的线圈条件. 本文对于单线圈的感应耦合等离子体源的研究为线圈的优化设计甚至大面积的多线圈感应耦合等离子体源研制提供了理论依据. 关键词： 感应耦合等离子体 功率耦合效率 变压器模型