凹土-辣根过氧化物酶复合材料制备及其细胞过氧化氢检测

将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)固定到凹凸棒石粘土(Attapulgite,简称凹土)表面,制得HRP-凹土纳米复合物(HRP-Attapulgite),并采用电化学阻抗、紫外光谱和红外光谱技术表征了HRP固定化过程.HRP-Attapulgite电化学性质测试表明,凹土能促进HRP的直接电子转移,其循环伏安曲线有一对良好的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epc=-370 mV,Epa=-300 mV,式量电位E0′=-335 mV.凹土表面HRP的H2O2响应电流与浓度(0.3~75μmol·L-1)呈线性关系.该电极可用于巨噬细胞中微量H2O2的测定.     

中性红褪色光度法测定白菜中过氧化氢酶活性

建立了一种中性红(NR)褪色光度法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的方法。称取20g本地大白菜样品,研碎,用磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.0)定容至1 000.0mL,取稀释液1.00mL于50mL容量瓶中,再加入1mmol·L~(-1) H_2O_2基质溶液5.00mL,在25℃下进行酶催化反应15min后,立即加入0.01mol·L~(-1)酸性Fe~(3+)溶液(内含0.02mol·L~(-1) H_2SO_4溶液)1.00mL用于终止酶促反应(H_2SO_4)和催化褪色反应(Fe3+),再加入5×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1) NR溶液3.00mL,摇匀,在80℃水浴中进行褪色反应,25min后加水定容。取适量样品溶液于1cm比色皿中,以水为参比,于波长528nm处测量其吸光度A。同时完成空白试验吸光度A0测定,根据吸光度的变化ΔA(ΔA=A0-A)确定CAT的活性(E)。结果表明:在10min内,酶促反应符合一级动力学反应的特征,CAT活性E在0.3U·mL~(-1)内与ΔA呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.006 8U·mL~(-1)。对大白菜的叶、茎、根进行加标回收试验,CAT的含量依次为6.25,9.00,8.00U·g~(-1),回收率均为104%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.7%～3.4%。将大白菜茎部自然放置4d后,CAT活性降至最初的30%。     

毛细管电泳电化学法检测过氧化氢

以金微盘电极和离子液体修饰单壁碳纳米管糊微盘电极分别作为毛细管电泳电化学检测器,试验了两种电极对过氧化氢的响应情况,将金微盘电极与毛细管电泳联用,对过氧化氢进行了定性和定量检测.探讨了分离电压、缓冲溶液pH值和工作电位等条件对H2O2检测的影响.实验结果表明,峰电流与H2O2浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-5mo...     

固定化过氧化氢酶的制备及其抗氧化作用

以烟用醋酸纤维的生物化学改性为目标,研究了以壳聚糖为载体时,吸附交联固定化过氧化氢酶的条件,并考察了固定化酶的性质。结果表明,固定化的最佳条件为:加酶量(酶活2×104C IU/m l)6m l,3%壳聚糖20m l,乙二醛浓度6%(w/v),交联剂用量100m l,吸附时间0.5 h,交联时间2.5h,酶活收率可达42.9%。过氧化氢酶固定化后,动学参数Km值为61.7mmol/L;对活性氧具有较好清除作用。     

聚中性红作电子转移介体的过氧化氢生物传感器

提出一种新的第二代电流型生物传感器。将易溶于水的电子转移介体中性红经电聚合在石墨电极表面形成一层致密、稳定的膜 ,有效的减少了其流失。并在辣根过氧化酶的表面覆盖一层明胶 ,再用戊二醛交联制备了H2 O2 传感器 ,使固定化酶保持了较高活性。该生物传感器具有较宽的线性范围 :2 .0× 10 - 5～ 2 .5×10 - 2 mol L ;检出限为 1.8× 10 - 5mol L ,达到 95 %稳态电流所用时间 <2 0s。     

食品中残留过氧化氢的测定

利用猪血红蛋白(pHb)的催化特性,以3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)为底物,建立了一种催化光度终止法测定食品中残留过氧化氢(H2O2)的方法。实验考察了终止剂的类型和浓度、反应时间、pH、温度、TMB浓度对H2O2检测的影响。在选定的反应条件下,体系吸光值与H2O2浓度在1.46×10-6～2.91×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9958,方法对H2O2的检出限为5×10-7mol/L,测定标准偏差为4.9%,样品的加标回收率为92.9%～103%,利用该方法进行了实际样品中的H2O2分析,结果与国标法无显著性差异。     

血红蛋白在壳聚糖修饰碳纳米管上的电化学特性及对过氧化氢的电催化分析

用壳聚糖对多壁碳纳米管进行修饰,构建了一种用于固定血红蛋白的新型复合材料,并研究了血红蛋白在该碳纳米管上的电化学性质及其对过氧化氢的电催化活性.扫描电镜结果表明,壳聚糖修饰的多壁碳纳米管呈单一的纳米管状,并能均匀分散在玻碳电极表面.紫外光谱分析表明血红蛋白在该复合膜内能很好地保持其原有的二级结构.将该材料固定在玻碳电极上后,血红蛋白能成功地实现其直接电化学.根据峰电位差随着扫描的变化,计算得到血红蛋白在壳聚糖修饰的碳纳米管膜上的电荷转移系数为0.57,表观电子转移速率常数为7.02 s-1.同时,该电极对过氧化氢显示出良好的催化性能,电流响应信号与H2O2浓度在1.0×10-6 ～1.5×10-3 mol/L间呈线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-7 mol/L.修饰电极显示了良好的稳定性.     

酵母核糖核酸与中性红相互作用及电化学检测

采用循环伏安法对酵母核糖核酸与中性红的相互作用进行了研究。NR在玻碳电极上有一对氧化还原峰,加入yRNA后,氧化还原峰电流降低,但没有新的氧化还原峰出现,表明NR与yRNA发生了较强的相互作用,紫外光谱进一步证实该作用方式为静电作用。求得NR与yRNA的结合比为1∶2,建立了一种间接检测酵母核糖核酸的电化学方法,检测范围为5.0×10-3~0.25 g/L,检出限达1.0×10-5g/L。     

聚中性红膜修饰碳糊电极的电化学研究及其对维生素K3的检测

在一定温度下,以K2S2O8作引发剂,分别采用化学引发-电聚合和电引发-电聚合的方法制备了聚中性红膜修饰碳糊电极(PNR/CPE)。运用循环伏安法(CV)对修饰电极进行表征,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对聚合膜的表面形貌进行观察分析,推断了成膜的可能机理,探讨了最佳聚合条件。研究了维生素K3在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,并用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对其含量进行了测定。研究结果表明:经过化学引发后,中性红单体自由基增多,提高了成膜效率,此电极在NH3-NH4Cl溶液中对维生素K3有更好的电催化作用,其还原峰电流与浓度在2.0×10-6~1.2×10-4 mol/L范围内呈现出良好的线性关系,检出限为2.0×10-7 mol/L,回收率为94.7%~108.0%。     

牛血红蛋白催化荧光光度法测定痕量过氧化氢

在1.0×10-4mol·L-1的H2SO4中,牛血红蛋白催化H2O2氧化苯甲酸生成羟基苯甲酸,羟基苯甲酸在碱性溶液中有强荧光,据此提出了一种测定痕量H2O2的方法。在激发波长295 nm与发射波长408 nm处,反应体系的荧光增加值ΔF与H2O2的浓度在7.880×10-8~1.182×10-4mol·L-1范围内存在良好的线性关系。线性回归方程为:ΔF=7.418×106c+9.742(c的单位为mol·L-1),相关系数r=0.9994。检出限为5.26×10-8mol·L-1。将方法用于雨水及消毒液中H2O2的测定,结果满意。     

A Novel Fluorescent Probe for Hydrogen Peroxide and Its Application in Bio-Imaging

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) plays an important role in the human body and monitoring its level is meaningful due to the relationship between its level and diseases. A fluorescent sensor (CMB) based on coumarin was designed and its ability for detecting hydrogen peroxide by fluorescence signals was also studied. The CMB showed an approximate 25-fold fluorescence enhancement after adding H₂O₂ due to the interaction between the CMB and H₂O₂ and had the potential for detecting physiological H₂O₂. It also showed good biocompatibility and permeability, allowing it to penetrate cell membranes and zebrafish tissues, thus it can perform fluorescence imaging of H₂O₂ in living cells and zebrafish. This probe is a promising tool for monitoring the level of H₂O₂ in related physiological and pathological research.     

Enhancing the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide based on nitrogen-doped graphene for measurement of its releasing process from living cells

An electrochemical approach for measuring the dynamic process of H(2)O(2) (a major ROS) release from living cells is reported. This approach, which is based on enhanced reduction of H(2)O(2) by nitrogen-doped graphene, could be potentially useful in the study of downstream biological effects of various stimuli in physiology and pathology.     

Highly Selective Nanostructured Electrochemical Sensor Utilizing Densely Packed Ultrathin Gold Nanowires Film

The number of studies conducted about nonenzymatic electrochemical sensors has increased in recent years due to the development of more stable and robust electrodes using noble metals. One of the key aspects for achieving high sensing performance including detection limit and sensitivity is the design of electrode architecture. Herein, we report a new electrochemical sensing platform featuring ultrathin standing gold nanowires (AuNWs) for nonenzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The use of AuNWs resulted in an increased electron transfer efficiency due to the higher active surface area compared to traditional gold film electrodes. This sensor demonstrates good selectivity, reproducibility, a linear range up to 49.5 mM of H₂O₂ with a sensitivity of 0.185±0.003 mAmM^?1cm^?2 and a limit of detection of 111 μM. The biological relevance of this sensor was tested in cell culture media to illustrate the performance of the proposed sensing electrode in complex biological media.     

过氧化氢存在下平行催化氢波法测定奥沙普秦

在0.2mol/LKH2PO4-Na2HPO4(pH5.5±0.1)支持电解质中,奥沙普秦产生一催化氢波,峰电位Ep=-1.25V(vs.SCE)。当1×10-2mol/LH2O2存在时,该催化氢波的峰电流增加12倍,峰电位基本不变,产生一较灵敏的平行催化氢波。其二阶导数峰峰电流ip″与奥沙普秦浓度在1.0×10-7~2.6×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9995,n=10),检出限为5.0×10-8mol/L。该方法可用于药物制剂中奥沙普秦含量的测定。     

Catalytic oxidation of organic substrates by molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by multistep electron transfer--a biomimetic approach

Oxidation reactions are of fundamental importance in nature, and are key transformations in organic synthesis. The development of new processes that employ transition metals as substrate-selective catalysts and stoichiometric environmentally friendly oxidants, such as molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide, is one of the most important goals in oxidation chemistry. Direct oxidation of the catalyst by molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide is often kinetically unfavored. The use of coupled catalytic systems with electron-transfer mediators (ETMs) usually facilitates the procedures by transporting the electrons from the catalyst to the oxidant along a low-energy pathway, thereby increasing the efficiency of the oxidation and thus complementing the direct oxidation reactions. As a result of the similarities with biological systems, this can be dubbed a biomimetic approach.     

Electrochemical behavior of hydrogen peroxide sensor based on new methylene blue as mediator

A novel amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensor was proposed by co-immobilizing new methylene blue (NMB) and Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on glassy carbon electrode through covalent binding. The electrochemical behavior of the sensor was studied extensively in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffering solution (pH = 7.0). The experiments showed NMB could effectively transfer electrons between hydrogen peroxide and glassy carbon electrode. The electron transfer coefficient and apparent reaction rate constant were determined to be 0.861 and 1.27 s⁻¹. The kinetic characteristics and responses of sensor on H₂O₂ were investigated. The Michaelis constant is 8.27 mol/L and the linear dependence of current on H₂O₂ is in the range of 2.5–100 μmol/L. At the same time, the effects of solution pH, buffer capacity, and temperature on the sensor were examined. Translated from Chemistry, 2006, 23(8): 916–920 [译自: 化学通报]     

A new process for preparing dialdehyde by catalytic oxidation of cyclic olefins with aqueous hydrogen peroxide

A. novel peroxo-niobophosphate was synthesized for the first time and used as a catalyst in the oxidation reaction of cyclic olefins with aqueous hydrogen peroxide to prepare dialdehy-des. The catalyst was characterized by elemental analysis, thermographic analyses, IR, UV/vis, 31P NMR and XPS spectra as [ π-C5H5N(CH2 )13 CH3 ]2 [ Nb4O6 (O2 )2 (PO4 )2 ] ·6H2O (PTNP). It showed high selectivity to glutaraldehyde in the catalytic oxidation of cyclopentene with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in ethanol.     

Palladium and gold-palladium catalysts for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide

Today hydrogen peroxide is produced by an indirect process in which an alkyl anthraquinone is sequentially hydrogenated and oxidized. In this way hydrogen and oxygen are kept separate during the manufacturing process. A process where molecular oxygen is directly hydrogenated could be preferred if control of the sequential hydrogenation can be achieved, particularly if high rates can be attained under intrinsically safe, non-explosive conditions. Herein we describe recent progress in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide using supported palladium and gold-palladium alloy catalysts and consider some of the problems that have to be overcome.     

Reduction of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide on electrodes with adsorbed monolayer of aliphatic compounds

Cathodic reduction of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide on amalgamated platinum electrodes, which are coated with monolayers of long-chain aliphatic compounds cetyl alcohol (CA) and stearic acid (SA), is retarded as compared with the same reactions on clean mercury (or amalgam) surface. The oxygen reduction kinetics differ from that on mercury. The difference is explained by that oxygen diffuses into the monolayer and is reduced in it at a certain distance from the metal surface and only at the limiting current the reaction is forced onto the monolayer surface. In contrast to the oxygen reduction, the hydrogen peroxide reduction kinetics on electrodes with SA and CA monolayers is much closer to that on mercury, but with some quantitative distinctions. All results favor the H₂O₂ reduction at the monolayer/solution interface. The difference in the behavior of O₂ and H₂O₂ is explained by different polarity of these molecules: it is significantly more difficult to penetrate the hydrocarbon monolayer for polar H₂O₂ molecule than for nonpolar O₂ molecule.