磁场引起的潘宁离子源阻抗变化研究

以11 MV回旋加速器潘宁离子源作为研究对象,通过调节磁场强度研究了磁场对工作在弧放电模式下的潘宁离子源的影响规律,深入分析了该放电模式下的放电自持机制、磁场引起的阻抗变化规律、异常发光现象。实验在6 mL/min氢气流量下,保持离子源弧流不变,调节磁场强度,记录磁场强度对弧压的影响。实验结果表明：二次电子发射机制与热电子发射机制在潘宁源自持放电过程中发挥了同样重要的作用;在强磁场情况下离子源阻抗受到磁场变化影响不大,在磁场小于0.15 T时磁场的作用才变得明显;当磁场减弱至等离子体进入阻抗增长区后,存在一段等离子体剧烈放电、光强突然增加的区域。在实验的基础上,得到了设计潘宁源的启发,并分析了磁场对等离子体电导率影响的微观物理机制,这些有助于研制或使用工作在弧放电模式下的潘宁离子源。     

15cm双潘宁离子源

研制了用于核聚变中性束注入加热的15cm双潘宁强流离子源。该源用氢运行,在高压为30kV,脉宽为20ms时,获得引出电流20A,靶功率463kW,半角散1.6°。     

负氢潘宁型离子源的束流引出测量

在中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所自行研制的负氢潘宁型离子源上进行负氢束流引出测量实验,采用单电极、双电极、三电极束流引出测量方法进行初步束流引出测量,束流强度的实验测量结果远远高于空间限制流的理论计算值。因此,提出一种电屏蔽盒的直流束流引出测量方法。阐述了电屏蔽盒直流束流引出测量的基本方法、束流轨迹的CST数值模拟以及束流引出测量实验结果。研究表明:引出电压为2 kV,引出间隙为3 mm,磁感应强度为0.435 T时,得到较为精确的负氢束流引出强度约100 A。通过空间电荷限制流的V3/2定律进行拟合,推算得到引出电压为40 kV时,负氢束流强度约达到4 mA。     

磁场可调永磁离子源

研制了一台磁场可调微波离子源, 在离子源放电室处需要的磁场由一组永久磁铁产生, 永久磁铁外部安装了铁磁回路, 铁磁回路的结构可以很容易的手动调整, 通过调整铁磁回路的结构, 可以在放电室产生要求的磁场. 在调试过程中, 也可以调整铁磁回路以改变离子源内部磁场结构, 有利于获得最佳放电条件. 该源在测试中, 从3mm直径的引出孔引出了17mA的离子束.     

会切磁场多极离子源中磁场对等离子体特性的影响

本文提出了会切磁场多极离子源中,磁场对等离子体参数以及可引出离子束流和放电室阳极收集的离子电流影响的实验研究结果,并对该结果进行了分析讨论。     

潘宁型放电等离子体的发射光谱分析

重新设计了潘宁型等离子体源实验装置,在低气压下得到了稳定的等离子体.分析了等离子体的发射光谱,得到了等离子体光谱强度与放电气压和放电电压之间的关系,并且对氮气的发射光谱进行了分析.     

磁场可调永磁离子源

研制了一台磁场可调微波离子源,在离子源放电室处需要的磁场由一组永久磁铁产生,永久磁铁外部安装了铁磁回路,铁磁回路的结构可以很容易的手动调整,通过调整铁磁回路的结构,可以在放电室产生要求的磁场.在调试过程中,也可以调整铁磁回路以改变离子源内部磁场结构,有利于获得最佳放电条件.该源在测试中,从3mm直径的引出孔引出了17mA的离子束.     

10cm双潘宁型离子源的整治与调试

双潘宁放电型离子源是用于受控核聚变研究装置的主要强流离子源型之一。这个由TFR装置退役、又在运输过程中严重受损的10cm双潘宁型离子源,经我们重新整治恢复之后,经调试已达到的主要结果是,引出的氢离子束的流强为10.2A,离子能量为30keV,束脉冲宽度100ms,束散角1.6°,离子源弧效率约0.65A/kW。结果表明,该源已基本达到国外同类型源在相近能量下的运行水平。     

磁场调控型离子源的设计与实验

磁场调控型离子源在离子源等离子体扩散空间中引入轴向强脉冲磁场,磁场起两方面的作用,一是形成潘宁放电效应,使原子、气体分子碰撞电离效率增加;二是在脉冲强磁场的作用下,强轴向磁场将质量较轻的离子约束在轴线上,对质量较重的金属离子约束能力较弱,导致其在等离子体膨胀引出通道中碰壁损失,能够提升引出轻离子的比例。开展了磁场调控的离子源放电结构、强脉冲螺线管磁场以及引出束流光学结构的设计;测量分析了引出离子流强和离子打靶束斑形貌。研究结果表明,强轴向磁场通过等离子体对混合离子成分的筛选作用,可有效提高引出离子流强中的轻离子成分比例。     

Penning discharge in electron-optical devices with an accompanying magnetic field

An analysis is made of the reasons for the onset of a Penning discharge in electron-optical devices operating at moderate and high vacuum in the presence of an accompanying magnetic field. Methods of suppressing this discharge are recommended. The main results of tests to eliminate the Penning discharge in the test rig at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Dubna) and in the CERN Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) (Geneva) are presented. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 124–126 (November 1997)     

Two-dimensional model of the Penning discharge in a cylindrical chamber with the axial magnetic field

The drift–diffusion model of a Penning discharge in molecular hydrogen under pressures of about 1 Torr with regard to the external electric circuit has been proposed. A two-dimensional axially symmetric discharge geometry with a cylindrical anode and flat cathodes perpendicular to the symmetry axis has been investigated. An external magnetic field of about 0.1 T is applied in the axial direction. Using the developed drift–diffusion model, the electrodynamic structure of a Penning discharge in the pressure range of 0.5–5 Torr at a current source voltage of 200–500 V is numerically simulated. The evolution of the discharge electrodynamic structure upon pressure variations in zero magnetic field (the classical glow discharge mode) and in the axial magnetic field (Penning discharge) has been studied using numerical experiments. The theoretical predictions of the existence of an averaged electron and ion motion in a Penning discharge both in the axial and radial directions and in the azimuthal direction have been confirmed by the calculations.     

Axial discharge stabilization using a rotating magnetic field

A new axial gas discharge stabilization technique is described. Thermal instabilities and discharge constrictions are suppressed through the use of a transverse rotating magnetic field. The enhanced plasma stability observed is a result of a transverse Lorentz force that deflects the plasma column off-axis. As the magnetic field rotates, the plasma sweeps across the tube cross-section at the angular velocity of the impressed field. A 25% increase in power loading has been achieved using the stabilization technique.     

The effect of the magnetic field on the positive corona discharge

Experimental results concerning the influence of the homogeneous magnetic field on the positive corona discharge between coaxial cylinders are presented. The change of the corona current due to axial magnetic field 0·6 T was observable at pressures below 4000 Pa in dry air. The influence on the initial and spark voltages has been investigated as well.     

潘宁放电在密封电真空器件真空度测量中的应用

密封电真空器件的可靠性尤其重要,而影响其可靠性的主要因素是真空度。对于具有两个电极的密封电真空器件由于无法利用其自身的电极结构直接测定其真空度,因此需要研究并建立一种合适的真空度测量方法。分析了利用潘宁放电来测量两个电极的密封电真空器件真空度的工作原理,设计了测试实验装置,初步建立了密封电真空器件的潘宁放电模型,给出了有关实验数据。     

RF discharge in the transverse magnetic field numerical model

A numerical model of RF discharges in a steady transverse magnetic field is developed. This model is valid in a range of parameters (gas pressure, magnetic field, RF voltage) used in a number of experimental and technical installations. The comparison between numerical calculations and some experimental results is presented     

DC corona discharge ozone production enhanced by magnetic field

We have studied the effect of a stationary magnetic field on the production of ozone from air at atmospheric pressure by a negative corona discharge in a cylindrical electrode configuration. We used a stainless steel hollow needle placed at the axis of the cylindrical discharge chamber as a cathode. The outer wall of the cylinder was used as an anode. The vector of magnetic induction was perpendicular to the vector of current density. We found that: (a) the magnetic field extends the current voltage range of the discharge; (b) for the discharge in the Trichel pulses regime and in the pulseless glow regime, the magnetic field has no substantial effect on the discharge voltage or on the concentration of ozone that is produced; (c) for the discharge in the filamentary streamer regime for a particular current, the magnetic field increases the discharge voltage and consequently an approximately 30% higher ozone concentration can be obtained; (d) the magnetic field does not substantially increase the maximum ozone production yield. A major advantage of using a magnetic field is that the increase in ozone concentration produced by the discharge can be obtained without additional energy requirements.