多肽基超分子螺旋聚合物

超分子螺旋聚合物结合了超分子聚合物制备方法简便、结构及性能可调控等优势,相比于人工合成的共价型螺旋聚合物更接近自然界螺旋生物大分子,因而在手性探针、不对称催化以及手性识别和分离等领域具有广泛的应用前景。结合多肽的手性优势、丰富的二次有序构象及其出色的自组装行为,以多肽作为结构基元经超分子组装制备具有螺旋构象的聚合物,不仅丰富了手性/螺旋聚合物的制备途径,同时为多肽材料的功能化应用提供新的广阔前景。本文综述了多肽基元之间经超分子作用诱导形成的超分子螺旋聚合物,总结了双亲性多肽以及多肽拓扑结构对超分子组装过程的影响及其对形成螺旋结构的控制,重点归纳了由多肽构筑的光、温度、pH、金属离子和酶等不同类型智能响应性的超分子螺旋聚合物。     

手性螺旋聚合物的合成和结构控制

随着近些年研究的投入,越来越多的手性螺旋聚合物被合成出来并应用于手性分离和光电材料等领域,螺旋聚合物根据螺旋翻转壁垒的大小可以分为静态螺旋聚合物和动态螺旋聚合物.主要聚焦于手性聚异氰酸酯、手性聚异腈和手性聚乙炔三类手性螺旋聚合物的合成和结构控制,介绍手性单体聚合、螺旋选择性聚合、手性诱导和手性放大等几种手性螺旋聚合物的合成方法,同时也介绍了构象调控、聚合诱导自组装等光学活性螺旋聚合物的合成方法.     

螺旋链聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯的旋光性研究

本文研究了聚甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯(PTrMA)螺旋链的旋光特性。聚合物的比旋光度值与其螺旋链长度相关,在n<6和n≥15时[α]_D~(20)与n呈线性关系。当n≥15时,[α]_D~(20)=1.6n+290°,每一结构单元对于比旋光度的贡献为1.6°。在300—600nm范围内,PTrMA的旋光谱服从单项Drude方程或Moffitt方程。本文也研究了P TrMA的比旋光度与溶剂,浓度及温度的关系。     

点击化学在拓扑结构聚合物合成中的应用

首先对点击化学进行简述,介绍了点击化学的概况、特征及主要反应类型;随后,重点介绍点击化学在拓扑结构聚合物(包括线形、刷形、星形、环状及树枝状大分子等)合成中的应用,并对这一领域的研究进展进行综述;最后,提出目前点击化学存在的一些问题,并对其发展前景进行展望.     

甲壳型液晶聚合物纤维的形状记忆效应

采用TA-Q800动态热机械分析仪(DMA)研究了聚乙烯基对苯二甲酸二(对丁氧基苯)酯(PBPCS)纤维的形变回复性能,发现PBPCS纤维具有非常好的形状记忆效应,在145℃及以上温度,形状回复速率最好,9min左右可以从400%的伸长回复到原来的尺寸,于145℃,重复实验5次,结果说明形变回复重复性好.二维X衍射(2DX-Ray)研究显示形变前后PBPCS柱状分子直径d由2.54nm变为2.42nm,表明拉伸后PBPCS螺旋状的大分子主链处于更为伸直的构象,因此分子主链产生一定的内应力,即形变回复应力.由此可见,PBPCS相对柔性的聚乙烯主链使纤维具有良好的形变回复性能,而侧基的甲壳效应使得纤维能够保持初始尺寸,即PBPCS所具有的类似弹簧的特殊螺旋状分子结构是其纤维具有形状记忆效应的内在原因.     

共轭聚合物水凝胶的制备与应用进展

共轭聚合物水凝胶是利用共轭聚合物制备的水凝胶材料,兼备水凝胶的力学性质、溶胀性质和共轭聚合物优异的电化学特性.共轭聚合物水凝胶的制备方法多样,主要有原位聚合、直接填充、物理交联和化学交联等.同时,在面对环境和能源领域的应用挑战时,共轭聚合物水凝胶具备良好的发展潜能,可广泛应用于药物释放、能量转换、能量储存、传感器、组织损伤修复和污水处理等诸多领域.本文系统归纳了共轭聚合物水凝胶的制备方法和应用,对其研究目前存在的主要问题以及未来发展方向进行了分析.     

氮杂环配体自组装螺旋链状结构配位聚合物的研究进展

螺旋结构配位聚合物在光学装置、生物模拟化学、非对称催化化学、手性识别、生物结构等多学科领域的应用,引起了人们极大的兴趣。本文综述了氮杂环配体自组装螺旋结构配位聚合物的最新进展,按照咪唑、三唑、吡啶、嘧啶及其衍生物配体分类总结了它们构建螺旋配位聚合物的结构,并简述了通过自发手性识别过程得到纯手性螺旋配位聚合物的影响因素,展望了具有螺旋链状配位聚合物的发展前景以及其开发应用潜能。     

镍螺旋化合物及其杂银配位聚合物的设计合成与结构

采用两个易扭转异构的双三齿有机配体，双吡啶二甲基-6,6′-二酰肼-2,2′-连吡啶(H₂L¹)和双吡啶二乙基-6,6′-二酰肼-2,2′-连吡啶(H₂L²)，和金属镍离子组装得到2个金属螺旋体(helicate)，Ni₂(HL¹)₂(PF₆)(BF₄)(CH₃OH)(H₂O)₂ (1)和Ni₂(HL²)(H₂L²)(ClO₄)₃(C₂H₅OH)(CH₃OH)H₂O)₃ (2),并测定了它们的晶体结构。同时由配体H₂L³出发,通过逐级组装的方法,得到一个镍-银杂金属的配位聚合物Ni₂Ag₂(HL³)₂(ClO₄)₂(CH₃CN)₃ (3)。单晶结构表明，配位聚合物3中配体H₂L³首先与镍离子组装成分子盒化合物(molecular box)，该结构单元进一步通过Ag离子与分子盒外围N原子配位，使分子盒互相串连成一维配位聚合物3，分子盒聚集体沿c方向伸展成一维链结构，链与链之间相互平行，进一步堆积成二维孔道结构。     

由Pb-O螺旋链构筑具有罕见ecl拓扑结构的铅(Ⅱ)配位聚合物

Under hydrothermal condition, a novel coordination polymer [Pb(C₄H₄O₆)]_n has been successfully synthesized by reaction flexible racemic ligand D,L-tartaric acid (C₄H₄O₆) and Pb(Ⅱ)(NO₃)₂. Its structure is determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, IR, CHN and TG analyses. It crystallizes in tetragonal, space group I4₁/acd with a=1.569 0(2) nm, c=1.009 5(2) nm, V=2.485 0(7) nm³, Z=16. Its structure contains left- and right-handed helical chains. Such helical chains with opposite chirality are alternatively arranged and further connected to form a three-dimensional framework. Topology analysis shows that it presents rare ecl topological structure. CCDC: 771026.     

膦手性丙炔胺脯氨酸磷酸酯螺旋聚合物的合成与表征

通过添加对映体拆分剂,合成了4种含膦手性的丙炔胺磷酸酯单体[HC帒CC H2NH(PO)R1R2].单体1,R1=OPh,R2=NC4H7COOCH3;单体2,R1=OPh,R2=NC4H7COOCH2CH3;单体3,R1=OPh,R2=NC4H7-COOC(CH3)3;单体4,R1=Ph,R2=NC4H7COOC(CH3)3].1H-NMR和31P-NMR表征可知对映体(单体1)不能被拆分剂拆分,而单体2、单体3、单体4通过拆分剂可以制得单一手性的磷化合物.以(nbd)Rh+[η6-C6H5B--(C6H5)3]为催化剂,以三氯甲烷为溶剂成功得到聚合物分子量范围在0.4×10-4～0.7×10-4,分子量分布在1.26～1.98范围的3种含手性膦侧基的丙炔胺类聚合物.比旋光度([α]D)、圆二色谱(CD)对聚合物的不同侧基及温度对光学活性的影响表明,聚合物具有良好的光学活性且能够形成单一方向的螺旋构象,说明膦手性在构建螺旋聚合物具有重要作用.     

Helical Coordination Polymers with Large Chiral Cavities

A quarter of the unit cell volume of [{Ni(4,4′‐dipy)(3‐nitrobenzoate)₂(MeOH)₂}_n], which crystallizes in the form of helices, is occupied by large chiral cavities (400–500 ų). The cavities are capable of encapsulating not only single molecules, but also face‐to‐face dimers of nitrobenzene (see stick model). 4,4′‐dipy=4,4′‐bipyridine.     

Tricks of Light on Helices: Transformation of Helical Polymers by Photoirradiation

The following polymer structural transitions were achieved using light: preferred‐handed helix formation for poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl), helix racemization (helix–helix transition) for poly(2,7‐bis(4‐t‐butylphenyl)fluoren‐9‐yl acrylate) and poly(2,5‐bis[4‐((S)‐2‐methylbutyloxy)phenyl]styrene), and helix decomposition for poly(2,7‐bis(4‐t‐butylphenyl)‐9‐methylfluoren‐9‐yl acrylate) and poly(2,7‐bis(4‐t‐butylphenyl)fluoren‐9‐ylmethyl methacrylate). Although these types of transitions and chemical transformations have been studied mainly using heat or chemicals as stimuli, light can also cause these structural alterations. In the helix construction and the helix–helix transition, a key transition is a twist‐coplanar conformational change of a biphenyl or an aryl–aryl unit in the side chain or the main chain of the polymer. Furthermore, the helix–helix transition was caused only by light and not by heat. The examples discussed in this review are expected to trigger off a new direction in synthesis and reaction of chiral polymers.     

Helical Coordination Polymers Based on Keggin-type POMs and N-donor Ligand

Two new 1D helical coordination polymers based on polyoxometalate were synthesized by self-assembly of Keggin-type POMs and copper salts in the presence of triangular N-heterocyclic derivatives or long-chain N-containing carboxylate ligand, that are, (H₃O)[{Cu(H₂tpim)₂}{SiMo₁₂O₄₀}] · 0.5H₂O [Htpim = 2,4,5-tri(4-pyridyl)-imidazole] ( 1 ) and [Cu₂(Hcpp)₃(cpp)(H₂O)][PMo₁₂O₄₀] · 2H₂O [Hcpp = 1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-3–2-yl)pyrazole] ( 2 ). Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by elemental analyses and TG analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit (1D→2D) interdigitated architectures assembled from 1D helical chains. In compound 1 , the achiral 2D interdigitated nets containing left- and right-handed helixes are further interdigitated with each other to form a 3D supramolecular framework. In compound 2 , adjacent 2D interdigitated layers with opposite chirality are further extended by supramolecular interactions into a 3D supramolecular network, in which non-coordinating Keggin-type POMs as guests are encapsulated.     

Helical polymer-anchored porphyrin nanorods

Well-defined arrays of porphyrins attached to a rigid polyisocyanide backbone have been synthesized and their physical and optical properties studied. The helical polymers are rigidified by an inter-side chain hydrogen-bonded network and have an average mass of 1.1 x 10(6) Daltons and a polydispersity index of 1.3. Each of the polymer strands contains four columns of around 200 stacked porphyrins and has an overall length of 87 nm. The chromophores are arranged in a left-handed helical fashion along the polymer backbone. Photophysical studies show that at least 25 porphyrins within one column are excitationally coupled.     

Helical Coordination Polymers Based on A Tripodal N‐donor Ligand

The coordination polymers [Cu₂(tpim)₂] · 2H₂O ( 1 ) and [Co(H₂tpim)₂(MoO₄)₂] ( 2 ) [Htpim = 2,4,5‐tri(4‐pyridyl)‐imidazole] were synthesized. Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and TG analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 both contain chiral helical‐layer structures. Compound 1 exhibits a novel 3D (3,3,4)‐connected framework with (4 · 6 · 8)(6 · 8²)(4 · 6 · 8³ · 10) topology, which is constructed from left‐ and right‐ helices. Compound 2 displays a 2D chiral helical‐layer structure which can be rationalized as a (3,6)‐connected 2D kgd (kagome dual) net, and these 2D layers are further extended by hydrogen‐bonding interactions to form a 3D supramolecular network. By comparing compounds 1 and 2 , it is believed that the tripodal N‐containing ligand (Htpim) plays a key role in the construction of helical coordination polymers. In addition, the photoluminescence property of compound 1 and the magnetic property of compound 2 were studied.     

A Stimuli-Responsive Macromolecular Gear: Interlocking Dynamic Helical Polymers with Foldamers

Herein, macromolecular gears composed of helical poly(phenylacetylenes) (PPAs) bearing short oligopeptides as pendant groups are described, in which the two structural motifs (framework and substituents) are combined. These gears are obtained by polymerization of the acetylene groups introduced at the C-terminus of short oligopeptides formed by achiral (Aib)_n units (n=1–3) derivatized at the N-terminus by a single enantiomer (R or S) of α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid (MTPA, Mosher's reagent). The chiral information of the MTPA is transmitted to the achiral Aib fragments and, through either chiral tele-induction and/or chiral harvesting mechanisms, is further transferred to the polyene backbones, which adopt preferentially P or M helical senses. Moreover, these materials also show dynamic behavior and respond to the action of external stimuli by either inverting the P/M sense and/or modifying the elongation in fully reversible processes.