Scattering of a longitudinal wave by a circular crack in a fluid-saturated porous medium

Physical properties of many natural and man-made materials can be modelled using the concept of poroelasticity. Some porous materials, in addition to the network of pores, contain larger inhomogeneities such as inclusions, cavities, fractures or cracks. A common method of detecting such inhomogeneities is based on the use of elastic wave scattering. We consider interaction of a normally incident time-harmonic longitudinal plane wave with a circular crack imbedded in a porous medium governed by Biot’s equations of dynamic poroelasticity. The problem is formulated in cylindrical co-ordinates as a system of dual integral equations for the Hankel transform of the wave field, which is then reduced to a single Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. It is found that the scattering that takes place is predominantly due to wave induced fluid flow between the pores and the crack. The scattering magnitude depends on the size of the crack relative to the slow wave wavelength and has it’s maximum value when they are of the same order.     

Onset of convection in a couple-stress fluid-saturated porous medium: effects of non-uniform temperature gradients

Onset of convection in a layer of couple-stress fluid-saturated porous medium is investigated for different types of basic temperature gradients. The boundaries are considered to be adiabatically insulated to temperature perturbations. The eigenvalue equations of the perturbed state obtained from the normal mode analysis are solved analytically using a regular perturbation technique with wave number as a perturbation parameter and also numerically using the Galerkin technique. The critical stability parameters obtained from these two techniques are in excellent agreement and an increase in the value of couple-stress parameter is found to delay the onset of convection. The results also indicate that the piecewise linear temperature profile hastens the onset of convection when compared to linear, parabolic, and inverted parabolic temperature profiles. In addition, the influence of thermal depth on the critical conditions is assessed in the case of piecewise linear temperature profiles, and it is observed that the critical thermal depth decreases marginally with an increase in the couple-stress parameter.     

正交各向异性含液饱和多孔介质中应力波的传播

基于Biot的孔隙介质理论，研究了正交各向异性含液饱和多孔介质中应力波的传播特性．本文引入动态渗透率，导出了整个实频域内应力波传播的复特征方程及其解析解，给出了各种应力波成分的波速和衰减的解析表达武，计算了频散曲线和衰减曲线，并讨论了各类应力波之间的耦合关系及介质的各向异性对应力波传播的影响．     

Generalization of the Bedford-Drumheller model for a fluid-saturated porous medium

Institute of Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 44–53, June, 1991.     

One-dimensional transient wave propagation in fluid-saturated incompressible porous media

Summary In this investigation, the general formalism for the field equations governing the dynamic response of fluid-saturated porous media is analyzed and employed for the study of transient wave motion. The two constituents are assumed to be incompressible. A one-dimensional analytical solution is derived by means of Laplace transform technique which, as a result of the incompressibility constraint, exhibits only one independent dilatational wave propagating in the solid and the fluid phases, respectively. The fluid-saturated porous material is supplied with characteristics similar to those occuring in viscoelastic solids. This work can provide the further understanding of the characteristics of wave propagation in porous materials and may be taken for a quantitative comparision to various numerical solutions.

---

Eindimensionale transiente Wellenfortpflanzung in flüssigkeitsgefüllten inkompressiblen porösen Medien

Übersich In dieser Arbeit wird der allgemeine Formalismus für die Feldgleichungen, die das dynamische Verhalten der fluidsaturierten Medien bestimmen, analysiert und für die Untersuchung der transienten Wellenbewegung ausgewertet. Es wird angenommen, daß beide Konstituierenden inkompressibel sind. Mit Hilfe der Laplacetransformation wird eine eindimensionale analytische Lösung abgeleitet, die als ein Resultat der Inkompressibilitätsbedingung nur eine unabhängige dilatante Wellenfortplanzung zeigt. Das fluidsaturierte poröse Material ist mit Charakteristiken versehen, die denen viskoelastischer Festkörper ähnlich sind. Diese Arbeit soll das weitere Verstehen der charakteristischen Eigenschaften der Wellenfortpflanzung in porösen Materialien erleichtern. Die Ergebnisse können zum quantitativen Vergleich mit verschiedenen numerischen Lösungen verwendet werden.

     

Nonlinear convection in a non-Darcy porous medium

In this paper, the natural convection in a non-Darcy porous medium is studied using a temperature-concentration-dependent density relation. The effect of the two parameters responsible for the nonlinear convection is analyzed for different values of the inertial parameter, dispersion parameters, Rayleigh number, Lewis number, Soret number, and Dufour number. In the aiding buoyancy, the tangential velocity increases steeply with an increase in the nonlinear temperature parameter and the nonlinear concentration parameter when the inertial effect is zero. However, when the inertial effect is non-zero, the effect of the nonlinear temperature parameter and the nonlinear concentration parameter on the tangential velocity is marginal. The concentration distribution varies appreciably and spreads in different ranges for different values of the double dispersion parameters, the inertial effect parameter, and also for the parameters which control the nonlinear temperature and the nonlinear concentration. Heat and mass transfer varies extensively with an increase in the nonlinear temperature parameter and the nonlinear concentration parameter depending on Dacry and non-Darcy porous media. The variation in heat and mass transfer when all the effects, i.e., the inertial effect, double dispersion ef- fects, and Soret and Dufour effects, are simultaneously zero and non-zero. The combined effects of the nonlinear temperature parameter, the nonlinear concentration parameter and buoyancy are analyzed. The effect of the nonlinear temperature parameter and the nonlinear concentration parameter and also the cross diffusion effects on heat and mass transfer are observed to be more in Darcy porous media compared with those in non- Darcy porous media. In the opposing buoyancy, the effect of the temperature parameter is to increase the heat and mass transfer rate, whereas that of the concentration parameter is to decrease.     

A solitary wave in a porous medium

The one-phase Darcy continuity equation, including the quadratic gradient term, is considered. The exact linearization of the equation is found by a functional transformation for an arbitrary spatial dimension in the limit case where the constant fluid compressibility is much more dominant than the constant compressibilities of the reservoir parameters.The equation permits a solution representing a localized wave travelling through a one-dimensional reservoir without changing its form. This is the actual long-time limit of the transient solution for a constant sandface-rate injection of a compressible fluid with a constant compressibility if the fluid is much more compressible than the matrix. A solitary wave solution is not possible for production.A fully developed solitary wave would appear only for very high pressure increases, but the first signs of the emerging solitary wave are detectable at the sandface for moderate pressure increases which can appear under physical reservoir conditions.Latin symbols a Dimensionless wave propagation velocity - A _N Sandface area (N = 0, 1, 2) - c ₁, c ₂ Sums of compressibilities - c _x Generic (generalized) compressibility - c Fluid compressibility - c _h Reservoir height (i.e. bulk volume) compressibility (N = 0, 1) - c _k , c , c Generalized compressibilities - D Spatial reservoir dimensionality (D = 1, 2, 3) - f Fractional change of p _n1 due to nonlinear effects - h Reservoir height (proportional to bulk volume for N = 0, 1) - Horizontal reservoir width (N = 0) - k Reservoir permeability - K _N Constant with dimension of pressure (N = 0, 1, 2) - n Sum index - N Integer variable (N = D – 1) - p Reservoir pressure - p^* Overburden pressure - p _D Dimensionless (scaled) version of p - p ₀ Initial pressure - q Volumetric flow rate referred to sandface - r Radial (or linear) spatial distance from center of well - r _w Well radius - r _e External reservoir radius (or length) from center of well - t Time variable - t _f Injection/production time corresponding to fraction f - T Cole-Hopf-transformed version of dimensionless pressure y - u Rescaled (dimensionless) version of v _D - v Darcy velocity - v _d Dimensionless (scaled) version of v - x Generic symbol in compressibility expression (also used for auxiliary function and for auxiliary variable) - y Rescaled (dimensionless) version of p _D - z Dimensionless (scaled) version of r Greek symbols Coefficient of inertial resistance - Variable in wave solution for y - p _n1 Absolute change in physical sandface pressure due to production or injection - _p Pressure change over (dimensionless) distance behind and far away from front - _r Physical distance at constant time corresponding to - Characteristic (dimensionless) width of solitary wave - Formation porosity - ₁, ₂ Integration constants - Dimensionless (scaled) length of finite reservoir - Fluid viscosity - Fluid density - Dimensionless (scaled) version of t - Wave solution for dimensionless pressure y - Integer variable (±1) distinguishing between production and injection     

Propagating semi-infinite crack in fluid-saturated porous medium of finite height

Derived in this work are the Mode I stress intensity factor results for a constant velocity semi-infinite crack moving in a fluid-saturated porous medium with finite height. Two limiting cases are discussed; they correspond to a low and high speed crack propagation. To be expected is that the crack front stress intensification would increase as the medium height is reduced in relation to the segment length in which mechanical pressure is applied. Moreover, the stress intensity factor for the high speed crack is larger than the low speed crack, the magnification of which depends on the material. Dissatisfaction of the crack surface and tip boundary condition is found in the present solution which calls possibly for the additional consideration of a local boundary layer as discussed by other authors.     

A fluid-saturated porous medium under the action of a moving concentrated load

The problem of motion of a concentrated load along the surface of a fluid-saturated porous medium is studied for a subsonic range of speeds. An analytical solution is found. It is shown that there exists a critical speed equal to the speed of the Rayleigh-type surface waves in a porous elastic medium. If this critical speed is exceeded, then the behavior of the solution and the free surface shape are changed. The free surface shape is analyzed at different speeds.     

Finite element analysis of wave propagation in fluid-saturated porous media

Ｔｈｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｐｏｒｏｕｓｍｅｄｉａｐｌａｙｓａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎａｌｏｔｏｆｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｃｏｎｓｏｌｉｄａｔｉｏｎ,ｎｏｉｓｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ,ｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇａｎｄｂｉｏｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ．Ｂｉｏｔ［１］ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｌｙｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｅｄｔｈｅｗａｖｅｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｉｎｆｌｕｉｄ＿ｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄｐｏ…     

Indentation of a semi-infinite fluid-saturated poroelastic medium by an undeformable porous punch

Summary The following mixed boundary value problem in deformation theory of porous and elastic medium is considered. The bounding surface of the semiinfinite medium has a prescribed normal displacement within a circular area and prescribed stresses outside the circle. The techniques of integral transform are used. The expressions for the stresses and displacements are written down. As a special case, the indentation by a flat ended cylinder is considered and the distribution of pore-fluid pressure in the neighbourhood of the loaded area is shown graphically.     

The inertial effect on the natural convection flow within a fluid-saturated porous medium

The general momentum equation for fluid flow within a porous medium is supposedly valid for any fluid-porous medium configuration. One of the main concerns of using the general equations refers to the inclusion of both inertia terms, namely, the convective inertia term and the Forchheimer term. In this study, we go beyond the important discussion about the correctness of including both terms in the general momentum equations by focusing upon the effect of the convective inertia term on the heat transfer results. The fluid-porous medium system considered here is a cavity bounded by solid surfaces with vertical walls maintained at constant but different temperatures. The natural convection problem is solved numerically, and the results are compared with a general theory developed by using the method of scale analysis. It is demonstrated that the convective inertia term effect upon the heat transfer results is minor for 0.01 ≤ Pr ≤ 1, 10 ≤ Ra_D ≤ 10⁴, 10⁻⁸ ≤ Da ≤ 10⁻², and porosities 0.4 and 0.8. It is also shown that, contrary to the general belief, the convective inertial effect upon the heat transfer within the cavity is minimized when the Prandtl number is reduced.     

Nonlinear effects associated with the mutual displacement of two gases in a porous medium

The cyclic bidirectional process of isothermal flow of a binary singlephase compressible gas mixture in a porous medium accompanied by diffusion-dispersion mass transfer is considered. On the basis of the equations of multiphase multicomponent isothermal flow a system of two nonlinear partial differential equations with nonlinear boundary conditions corresponding to a given constant gas injection or takeoff rate is obtained and investigated. A numerical algorithm for solving the boundary-value problem obtained is proposed.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 6, pp. 64–71, November–December, 1991.In conclusion, the author wishes to thank V. M. Maksimov for taking a constant interest in the work and discussing the results.     

Subcooled forced convection film boiling over a vertical flat plate embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium

The problem of subcooled forced convection film boiling on a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium was attacked exploiting similarity transformations on the governing equations and boundary conditions in both vapor and liquid layers. Similarity solutions were obtained to investigate the effects of the vapor super-heating and liquid subcooling. The heat transfer groupingNu _x /Ra _x ^1/2 is expressed in terms of a function of three parameters associated with the degree of liquid subcooling (Sub), the degree of vapor superheating (Sup) and the vapor buoyancy effect relative to the liquid forced convection effect (R). It is found that the level ofNu _x /Ra _x ^1/2 increases asSup orR decreases and asSub increases. Furthermore, asymptotic expressions were reduced considering the physical limiting conditions, namely, thin and thick vapor films.     

Entropy generation analysis of thermally developing forced convection in fluid-saturated porous medium

Entropy generation for thermally developing forced convection in a porous medium bounded by two isothermal parallel plates is investigated analytically on the basis of the Darcy flow model where the viscous dissipation effects had also been taken into account. A parametric study showed that decreasing the group parameter and the Peclet number increases the entropy generation while for the Brinkman number the converse is true. Heatline visualization technique is applied with an emphasis on the Br 〈 0 case where there is somewhere that heat transfer changes direction at some streamwise location to the wall instead of its original direction, i.e., from the wall.     

A non-linear analysis of non-isothermal wave propagation in linear-elastic fluid-saturated porous media

The non-isothermal dynamic behaviour of saturated porous media is analysed numerically employing the finite element method and taking energy convection due to large pore fluid displacements into account. A different pore fluid reference temperature is introduced in order to allow properly for heat convection: this concept is usually neglected in the literature and is discussed and analysed herein. The numerical procedure is validated in a simple problem of hot fluid injection in a steady seepage flow and by comparing the numerical results, neglecting energy convection, with those obtained with a novel solution of the linearised equations, presented herein, which is based on the transfer functions and Fourier transforms method. Finally, the effects of energy convection in wave propagation are analysed: in a pervious porous medium the flux of energy due to energy convection is much greater than the one due to heat conduction; in any case, wave propagation can be considered completely adiabatic even when energy convection is taken into account. Thus the validity of the results presented in the literature and based on the linearised theory is demonstrated.     

Singularities on wave fronts of slow waves in anisotropic fluid-saturated porous media

Energy focusing is found on the wave fronts of slow waves, which is a new propagation characteristic for slow waves in fluid-saturated porous materials. The material parameters, as well as the propagation directions, are chosen as the control parameters. Combined with the two axial variables, the influence of the anisotropy of the solid skeleton and pore fluid parameters on the propagation characteristic of slow waves in anisotropic fluid-saturated porous materials is discussed. The correspondence between the focusing on the wave fronts and the contours of zero Gaussian curvature on the slowness surface is explored. The development of the focusing patterns is investigated and the distinct trends in the energy flux focusing structures are revealed. This is helpful in further understanding the roles of the pore fluid in the damage of the fluid-saturated porous media.