Palladium-catalysed α-allylation of chiral sulfinimines derived from symmetric cyclic ketones

A diastereoselective mono-allylation reaction at the α-position of symmetric cyclic ketones by using tert-butanesulfinamide as a chiral auxiliary is explored. Excellent yields and high diastereomeric ratios were achieved under palladium(0) catalysis in the presence of a readily available achiral phosphine ligand.     

One-pot production of chiral α,β-epoxy ketones from benzaldehydes and acetophenones by recyclable poly(amino acid) catalysis

An efficient one-pot, two-step process was disclosed for production of chiral α,β-epoxy ketones from benzaldehydes and acetophenones catalyzed by imidazolium-modified poly(l-leucine). Two effective reaction systems with complementary high enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) or satisfactory yields (up to 89%) have been developed. Importantly, the poly(amino acid) catalyst can be easily recovered and recycled for ten times without losing its catalytic efficiency in terms of both enantioselectivity and yield.     

Copper-catalyzed synthesis of α-ketothioamides from ketones

In this paper, the conversion of acetophenone to α-ketothioamide was reported in the presence of CuI as the catalyst and S₈/DMF as the coupling partners. The presence of both KF and NaOH was found to be necessary to achieve the high yield of the product. Propiophenone and butyrophenone also reacted in the presence of phenylboronic acid as an additive. Willgerodt-Kindler products were not observed in these reactions.     

A direct synthesis of α-(hydroxymethyl) and α-alkyl-vinyl alkyl ketones

Reaction of 2,4-diketoesters 3a-c with aqueous formaldehyde using potassium carbonate solution as base affords the corresponding α-methylene-β-hydroxyalkanones 4a-c which provide a route to α,β-unsaturated alkyl ketones 6a-e via coupling of α-acetoxymethyl alkyl vinyl ketone 5a with Grignard reagents in the presence of a catalytic amount of LiCuBr₂ at low temperature.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of α-hydroxy aromatic ketones from α-bromo aromatic ketones in water

A reaction ofα-bromo aromatic ketones in water with microwave irradiation gave the correspondingα-hydroxy aromatic ketones in good yields.The use of microwaves was found to significantly improve yields and shorten the reaction time.This reaction afforded a very clean,convenient method for the synthesis ofα-hydroxy aromatic ketones.     

Facile and efficient preparation of α-halomethyl ketones from α-diazo ketones catalyzed by iron(III) halides and silica gel

An efficient and mild method for the synthesis of α-halomethyl ketones from α-diazo ketones was developed using ferric chloride or bromide as the halogen source and silica gel as the hydrogen source, with good to excellent yields.     

Cyclization of α- and β-amino ketones. (Review)

In this review data on the synthesis of three-, four-, five-, and six-membered heterocycles, as well as of condensed heterocyclic compounds from -amino ketones and Mannich bases are classified for the first time.Samara State Technical University, Samara 433100, Russia. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 723–735, June, 1999.     

One-pot asymmetric synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated amines from α-trifluoromethyl ketones

Diastereoselective reduction of (Rs)-N-tert-butanesulfinyl α-trifluoromethyl ketimines formed in situ from the corresponding α-trifluoromethyl ketones and N-tert-butanesulfinamide has been achieved, and either diastereomer of N-tert-butanesulfinyl α-trifluoromethyl amines was obtained in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1 dr) using NaBH₄ and L-Selectride as the reductants, respectively.     

Asymmetric hydroazidation of α-substituted vinyl ketones catalyzed by chiral primary amine

We report herein the first example of asymmetric hydroazidation of α-substituted vinyl ketones by using chiral primary amines as the catalysts.A simple chiral primary-tertiary diamine catalyst derived from lphenylalanine was found to readily promote this aza-Michael addition reaction with enamine protonation as the key stereogenic step,thus enabling the effective synthesis of α-chiral β-azido ketones with good yields and moderate enantioselectivities.     

Regiospecific synthesis of α-arylsulfonoxy ketones from ketone derivatives

Isomeric enol ester, enamine, and silyl enol ether derivatives of unsymmetrical ketones are converted regiospecifically to α-arylsulfonoxy ketones with arylsulfonyl peroxides.     

Synthesis of chiral α-(tetrazol-1-yl)-substituted carboxylic acids

Optically active α-(tetrazol-1-yl)-substituted carboxylic acid OBO-esters were synthesized from the corresponding a-isocyano OBO-esters and trimethylsilyl azide in up to 92% yield. Subsequent acidic hydrolysis proceeds without epimerization and makes it possible to prepare enantiomerically pure α-(tetrazol-1-yl)-substituted carboxylic acids in up to 89% yield.

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A highly efficient and straightforward stereoselective synthesis of novel chiral α-acetylenic ketones

A very efficient and straightforward synthesis of novel chiral α-acetylenic ketones of type 3 has been developed. Starting from commercially available l-(−)-serine 4, and through the Garner's aldehyde 5, ethynyloxazolidine 2 was formed in good overall yield. Condensation of the corresponding lithium acetylide 7 with different aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes 5 and 8a–h at low temperatures yielded the respective propargylic alcohols 9a–i. Subsequent mild oxidation of 9a–i with 10-I-4-iodinane oxide (IBX) 12 afforded chiral α-acetylenic ketones 3a–i almost quantitatively.     

Enantioselective conjugate addition of fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane to α,β-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by chiral bifunctional organocatalysts

The catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition reaction of fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane to α,β-unsaturated ketones promoted by chiral bifunctional organocatalysts is described. The treatment of fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane to α,β-unsaturated ketones under mild reaction conditions afforded the corresponding Michael adducts with high enantioselectivity. The conjugate addition adducts are useful for the synthesis of chiral monofluoromethylated compounds.     

Concise synthesis of α-trisubstituted amines from ketones using N-methoxyamines

Three-component allylation and cyanation utilizing a ketone and an N-methoxyamine are reported. The high nucleophilicity of the N-methoxyamine and high electrophilicity of the corresponding iminium ion enable the concise synthesis of α-trisubstituted amines in a single step.     

Catalytic asymmetric addition of thiols to nitrosoalkenes leading to chiral non-racemic α-sulfenyl ketones

The first asymmetric organocatalytic sulfenylation of in situ derived nitrosoalkenes leading to chiral nonracemic α-sulfenylated ketones is described. The transformation proceeds in an umpolung fashion, relative to enolate/azaenolate methods, and uses simple thiols, thereby obviating the need for electrophilic sulfur reagents.     

Synthesis of novel chiral phosphines from α,α-trehalose

New disaccharide chiral phosphines, such as 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-(diphenylphosphino)-2-deoxy-α-d-altropyranosyl-(1,1)-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-(diphenylphosphino)-2-deoxy-α-d-altropyranoside 1 and 2-(diphenylphosphino)-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-α-d-altropyranosyl-(1,1)-2-(diphenylphosphino)-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-α-d-altropyranoside 9, were prepared from α,α-trehalose. We also succeeded in the synthesis of polyhydroxy chiral diphosphine 2-(diphenylphosphino)-2-deoxy-α-d-altropyranosyl-(1,1)-2-(diphenylphosphino)-2-deoxy-α-d-altropyranoside 5 by deprotection of isopropylidene groups.     

Novel chiral solvating agents derived from natural amino acid: enantiodiscrimination for chiral α-arylalkylamines

Two benzo[de]isoquinoline 1,3-dione amino acids 1 and 2 were readily prepared, and their enantiodiscriminating ability were investigated by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. It was found that 1 exhibited an excellent chiral recognition ability toward chiral α-phenylethylamine and some of its derivatives, leading to clear baseline separation of the multiplet of the probe groups in two enantiomers. The stoichiometric ratio and association constants of some host-guest complexes were determined. The interactions between the hosts and guest 3 were further studied by intermolecular NOE experiment and ESI-MS.     

Au(III)-catalyzed tandem amination-hydration of alkynes: synthesis of α-(N-2-pyridonyl)ketones

A new Au(III)-catalyzed tandem amination-hydration reaction has been discovered, leading to the formation of α-(N-2-pyridonyl)ketones and heterocyclic analogues in good to excellent yields (14 examples, 48-90%). This reaction demonstrates the unusual use of a heterocyclic sp(2) nitrogen nucleophile in a gold-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cyclization. The tandem process allows rapid access to α-(N-2-pyridonyl)ketones, making them a convenient building block for the synthesis of more complex N-alkyl pyridone targets.     

Cu(I)-catalyzed α-alkylation of ketones with styrene derivatives

α-Alkylation of ketones with styrene derivatives was developed using a mesitylcopper-dppp complex as a soft Brønsted base catalyst. No waste derived from the alkylating reagent was produced in this catalytic alkylation reaction. The bisphosphine ligand structure, as well as the reaction solvent, had profound effects on catalyst activity. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions from a range of ketones and styrene derivatives. The present catalysis is especially useful for the selective mono-alkylation of ketones.