纳米Co/TiO2 粉体的制备及其光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯为主要原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2,Co/TiO2粉体.掺杂钴能够延缓TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变,从而提高纳米Co/TiO2粉体的催化活性.经500 ℃焙烧的纳米Co/TiO2粉体,在紫外光源下能有效催化直接溴酚兰染料降解.     

纳米二氧化钛的制备、修饰及其在PET中的应用研究进展北大核心CSCD

纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)具有粒径小、比表面积大、紫外屏蔽能力强、催化活性高等特点,近年来,纳米TiO2在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)中的应用成为研究热点。本文介绍了纳米TiO2的结构特点、不同形态纳米TiO2的制备方法和纳米TiO2的表面修饰技术,讨论了纳米TiO2的特性和含量对PET结晶和力学性能的影响,总结了PET/纳米TiO2复合材料的防紫外线和抗老化性能。同时,还综述了利用TiO2的光催化作用制备具有催化、杀菌、防臭和自清洁等功能的PET/纳米TiO2复合材料的研究进展,并对纳米TiO2在PET中的应用进行了展望。     

纳米二氧化钛的制备、修饰及其在PET中的应用研究进展

纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)具有粒径小、比表面积大、紫外屏蔽能力强、催化活性高等特点,近年来,纳米TiO2在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)中的应用成为研究热点。本文介绍了纳米TiO2的结构特点、不同形态纳米TiO2的制备方法和纳米TiO2的表面修饰技术,讨论了纳米TiO2的特性和含量对PET结晶和力学性能的影响,总结了PET/纳米TiO2复合材料的防紫外线和抗老化性能。同时,还综述了利用TiO2的光催化作用制备具有催化、杀菌、防臭和自清洁等功能的PET/纳米TiO2复合材料的研究进展,并对纳米TiO2在PET中的应用进行了展望。     

蛋氨酸改性TiO2空心纳米盒高效可见光催化RhB分解和NO氧化

由高能面 TiO2纳米片 (TiO2-NSs) 组装成的 TiO2空心纳米盒 (TiO2-HNBs)显示出比单独 TiO2-NSs 更强的光催化性能, 但是 TiO2-HNBs 依然属于紫外光催化剂, 无法充分利用太阳能. 因此, 开发具有可见光响应的由高能面 TiO2-NSs 组装而成的 TiO2-HNBs 具有重要意义. 本文将立方体 TiOF2与含有 N 和 S 元素的生物分子蛋氨酸混合, 通过一步焙烧制备了具有可见光响应活性的 N 和 S 元素共掺杂的 TiO2-HNBs(掺杂催化剂标记为 TMx, 未掺杂催化剂标记为 Tx, x 代表焙烧温度).由立方体 TiOF2到锐钛矿相 TiO2空心纳米盒的转变是一个自模板转化过程. 氟离子的存在降低了 TiO2高能面(001)面的表面能, 从而使得高能面 TiO2纳米片的形成变得可能. 因此, 热处理立方体 TiOF2可得到由高能面 TiO2纳米片组装的 TiO2空心纳米盒.本文系统研究了焙烧温度 (300-500 ℃) 对所制 TiO2-HNBs 结构与光催化性能的影响. 结果发现, 在 350 ℃下焙烧, TiOF2完全转化成锐钛矿相 TiO2-HNBs. 但是焙烧蛋氨酸与 TiOF2的混合物, 需 400 ℃才能完全实现 TiOF2到锐钛矿相TiO2-HNBs 的转变. 这说明蛋氨酸的加入阻碍了 TiOF2向锐钛矿相 TiO2-HNBs 的转变. XPS 结果显示, 经过 400 ℃焙烧的蛋氨酸改性样品 (TM400), N 和 S 元素成功掺入了 TiO2-HNBs 晶格, 使其产生可见光催化活性.相对于 400 ℃焙烧 TiOF2所得样品 T400, 蛋氨酸改性的 TM400 催化剂可见光降解罗丹明 B 染料 (RhB) 和 NO 氧化的性能分别提升了 1.55 倍和 2.0 倍, 这与其更强的可见光吸收性能和光生载流子分离效率有关. 400 ℃焙烧的蛋氨酸改性的 TM400 可见光催化活性稳定, 连续 5 次可见光催化 RhB 降解后, 其活性没有明显改变, 显示了潜在的应用前景.     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO2- 4/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

脉冲沉积制备Cu_2O/TiO_2纳米管异质结的可见光光催化性能

在用阳极氧化法制备有序排列TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜的基础上,引入脉冲沉积工艺,成功实现了均匀、弥散分布的Cu2O纳米颗粒修饰改性TiO2纳米管阵列,形成Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结复合材料.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、场发射透射电镜(FETEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行表征,重点研究了Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结的光电化学特性和对甲基橙(MO)的可见光催化降解性能.结果表明,Cu2O纳米颗粒均匀附着在TiO2纳米管阵列的管口和中部位置,所制备的Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结具有高效的可见光光催化性能;在浓度为0.01 mol?L-1的CuSO4溶液中制得的Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结表现出最好的电化学特性和光催化性能;另外,对Cu2O纳米颗粒影响光催化活性的机理进行了讨论.     

纳米TiO2的负载化及其在环境光催化中的应用

纳米TiO2的负载化及其在环境光催化中的应用;纳米TiO2光催化剂;负载化;环境光催化;综述     

纳米Ni/TiO_2粉体的制备及其光催化性能

以四氯化钛为主要原料,通过溶胶法合成了纳米TiO2和Ni/TiO2粉体。研究发现掺杂镍,能够有效延缓锐钛矿型TiO2向金红石型TiO2转变,提高Ni/TiO2粉体的催化活性;在500℃焙烧的Ni/TiO2催化剂,能较好催化溴甲酚绿染料在紫外光下降解。     

焙烧温度对纳米级SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸性能的影响

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3 h,可以形成纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的结构.用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%.     

稀土/纳米TiO2的表面电子结构

用浸泽法对纳米TiO2粉末进行稀土处理，制得稀土／纳米TiO2光催化功能材料。利用扫描隧道显微镜／扫描隧道谱技术研究稀土／TiO2纳米光催化材料的表面电子结构。结果表明：在纳米TiO2中加入铈元素制备的Ce/TiO2纳米粉末材料，其表面禁带内－0．8及 0.5eV附近可出现新能级，稀土能促进羟基自由基产生、提高光催化活性，可实现可见光条件下光催化净化空气。     

空气电极/AC作载体对TiO2光催化性能的影响

The photo catalytic degradation of activated red in the aqueous solution was studied using TiO2 supported on air electrode and active carbon (AC) as photo catalysts. It was found that the photo catalytic reaction rate of TiO2 was obviously increased by the presence of air electrode and AC supported. The air electrode which has functions of synthesizing H2O2 in situ and photocatalysis was reported. The results also implied that biasing of the electrode at +0.5V led to efficient charge separation. The current density of air (oxygen) electrode had effect on the oxidation rate of azo dye molecule, i=15 mA/cm2, and the rate could reach maximum. With AC mass fraction of about 21% the oxidation rate for TiO2/AC was obviously larger than that for TiO2, but the result was contrary to this for higher AC mass fraction (>30%). The experiment results showed that because TiO2 was supported on active carbon, the effective surface area of the photo catalysis and their absorbability for organic molecules can be increased. The pH in solution had effect on the oxidation rate of organic molecules.     

碳量子点在八面双锥和纳米片TiO2上的光催化

依次用溶剂热法和水热法制备得到暴露(101)晶面的八面双锥体二氧化钛OBP-TiO2和不同碳负载量的N-CDs/OBP-TiO2复合催化剂,以及暴露(001)晶面的纳米片二氧化钛TNS和不同碳负载量的N-CDs/TNS复合催化剂。利用TEM、XRD、XPS等表征手段对这2类复合催化剂的形貌结构、化学成分等作了鉴定。系统研究了碳量子点负载量对可见光降解RhB的光催化性能影响。实验发现,由于N-CDs的加入,均能较大提高2类复合催化剂的光催化性能。(101)高裸露晶面N-CDs/OBP-TiO2比(001)高裸露晶面N-CDs/TNS的光催化活性高。     

Photocatalysts of Cr Doped TiO2 Film Prepared by Micro Arc Oxidation

A series of Cr doped TiO2 films were prepared by micro arc oxidation (MAO) using an electrolyte of Na3PO4+K2Cr2O7. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the films mainly consisted of anatase phase with a porous surface morphology. The films have an excellent photocatalytic effect for degradation of methylene blue and decomposition of water under visible light illumination. This arises from the formation of Cr3+/Cr4+ and oxygen vacancy energy levels owing to Cr doping. The former reduces the electron-hole recombination chance, while the latter generates a new gap between the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) of TiO2, which lowers the photo energy of the excited electron in the VB to the oxygen vacancy states. The mechanisms for film synthesis during the MAO process are also presented.     

Preparation of highly uniform Ag/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 supported nanoparticle catalysts by photodeposition

Photodeposition of Ag nanoparticles on commercial TiO2 particles and nanoparticles was performed in order to provide direct visualization of the spatial distribution of photoactive sites on sub-micrometer-scale and nanoscale TiO2 particle surfaces and to create materials for potential catalytic applications. HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) and HAADF-STEM (high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy) were used to characterize these materials. The size and spatial distributions of the Ag nanoparticles on the commercial TiO2 were not uniform; the concentration of Ag was higher on grain boundaries and at the edges of these submicrometer particles. In the case of TiO2 nanoparticles, the size distribution of the Ag nanoparticles deposited was relatively uniform and independent of irradiation time and photon energy. The amount of Ag deposited on TiO2 nanoparticles was at least 6 times higher than that on the commercial samples for comparable irradiation conditions. Compared to the case of Ag photodeposition, the difference in the amount of Au photodeposited on TiO2 particles and nanoparticles was even greater, especially at low precursor concentrations. Photodeposition on TiO2 nanoparticles is suggested as a potential method for the preparation of Au/TiO2 catalysts, as loadings in excess of 10 wt % of uniform 1 nm metal particles were achieved in this work.     

Synthesis of LaVO4/TiO2 heterojunction nanotubes by sol-gel coupled with hydrothermal method for photocatalytic air purification

With the aim of improving the effective utilization of visible light, the LaVO(4)/TiO(2) heterojunction nanotubes were fabricated by sol-gel coupled with hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic ability was demonstrated through catalytic removal of gaseous toluene species. The nanotube samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface photovoltage (SPV), Raman spectra and N(2) adsorption-desorption measurements. The characterization results showed that the samples with high specific surface areas were of typical nanotubular morphology, which would lead to the high separation and transfer efficiency of photo induced electron-hole pairs. The as-prepared nanotubes exhibited high photocatalytic activity in decomposing toluene species under visible light irradiation with fine photochemical stability. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of LaVO(4)/TiO(2) nanotubes might be attributed to the matching band potentials, the interconnected heterojunction of LaVO(4) versus TiO(2), and the large specific surface areas of nanotubes.     

Photocatalytic degradation of high ammonia concentration water solutions by TiO2

Recent studies reported the use of suspended TiO2 powder as photo catalyst in the degradation process of several organic and inorganic substances in water, like chlorinated hydrocarbons, alkyl- and alkanoloammines and ammonia. In order to evaluate the possibility of using this method for a further removal of ammonia from wastewater after a biological nitrification/denitrification treatment, a kinetic study of photo oxidation over TiO2 of NH3/NH4 in the high concentration range of 26 - 214 mg/I, has been carried out. Effects of pH, TiO2, ammonium and dissolved O2 concentration on the degradation efficiency and reaction products distribution (NO2-, NO3- e N2) were studied. The results have shown that, at a catalyst concentration of 0.012% (p/v), the photo catalytic oxidation of ammonia can be described with the Langumuir- Hinshelwood kinetic model, as reported by several authors.     

La2O3助剂对Au/TiO2催化氧化CO性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2以及La2O3-TiO2载体, 再用沉积沉淀法制备Au/TiO2和Au/La2O3-TiO2催化剂, 并对催化剂的CO氧化反应活性进行测试. 结果表明, La2O3助剂可以显著提高催化剂催化氧化CO的活性. X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、N2吸附-脱附(BET)表征结果表明, La2O3助剂不仅提高了催化剂比表面积, 抑制了TiO2晶粒尺寸的长大, 并且增强了TiO2的晶格应变, 在O2气氛吸附过程中主要在TiO2表面形成O-物种. 原位傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)结果进一步表明, La的掺杂不仅提高了吸附在Au活性位CO的氧化速率, 还使TiO2表面形成第二种活性位, 从而显著提高了催化活性.     

Advanced municipal wastewater treatment and simultaneous energy/resource recovery via photo(electro)catalysis

Wastewater management and energy/resource recycling have been extensively investigated via photo(electro)catalysis. Although both operation processes are driven effectively by the same interfacial charge, each system is practiced separately since they require very different reaction conditions. In this review, we showcase the recent advancements in photo(electro)catalytic process that enables the wastewater treatment and simultaneous energy/resource recovery(WT-ERR). Various literatures based on...     

掺Cu对MoO3-TiO2/SiO2上光促甲烷和水表面反应的影响

 在固定床环隙反应器中,借助紫外光的激发,气相甲烷和水在MoO3-TiO2/SiO2催化剂表面生成了甲醇和氢气,当在催化剂中掺杂Cu2+后,光催化剂的活性明显提高. XRD,IR,UVDRS和TPD的研究结果表明,在催化剂表面形成了具有Mo-O-Ti和Mo-O-Cu基元的高度分散物种,不但使得吸光带边明显蓝移,而且扩展了催化剂的光响应范围. 所形成的复合结构还可以优化单组分的吸光性能并促进对反应物分子的吸附活化,同时可以有效地转移光生电子和空穴. 掺杂Cu2+能够进一步延长光生电子-空穴对的寿命,进而提高反应的量子产率.     

TiO2/BiNbO4复合光催化剂的制备及降解气相苯性能

采用固相反应法制备出BiNbO4,将其与TiO2耦合,得到TiO2/BiNbO4复合光催化剂。考察了催化剂在紫外光照射下催化降解气相苯的活性。结果表明,TiO2与BiNbO4耦合后催化活性明显提高,其中36%TiO2/BiNbO4紫外光照5 h对苯的降解率是P-25的3.7倍。紫外-可见漫反射谱(UV-Vis DRS)、XRD、XPS和低温氮吸附-脱附等表征结果表明TiO2与BiNbO4的能级匹配,二者之间存在能带协同效应。耦合后的TiO2/BiNbO4的光生电子和空穴能有效分离,从而提高了催化剂催化活性。