CATV/radio-on-fiber transport system based on direct modulation

A directly modulated CATV/radio-on-fiber (ROF) transport system based on external light injection technique, optical single sideband (SSB) filter, and RF amplifier predistorter is proposed and demonstrated. To the best of my knowledge, it is the first time to transmit CATV and ROF signals simultaneously in a directly modulated form. Good performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), composite second order (CSO) and composite triple beat (CTB) were obtained for CATV band; and low third order intermodulation distortion to carrier ratio (IMD₃/C), and bit error rate (BER) values were achieved for ROF application.     

Fiber-optic CATV system performance improvement by using split-band technique and photonic crystal fiber

A directly-modulated amplitude modulation-vestigial sideband (AM-VSB) cable television (CATV) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-repeated system that uses split-band technique and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) as a broadband dispersion compensation device is proposed and demonstrated. In contrast to a conventional externally-modulated fiber-optic CATV system, good performance of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), composite second order (CSO) and composite triple beat (CTB) were obtained in our proposed systems over a combination of 100-km single-mode fiber (SMF) and 3.6 km PCF.     

Dispersion Compensation in Externally Modulated Transmission System Using Chirped Fiber Grating

We present an externally modulated NTSC AM-VSB erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-repeated system in the 1550 nm region which uses a chirped fiber grating (CFG) as a dispersion compensation device. In contrast to the conventional externally modulated fiber optical CATV systems, either with or without dispersion compensation fiber (DCF), good performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) ≥50 dB, composite second order (CSO) ≥74 dB, and composite triple beat (CTB) ≥65 dB were achieved for the full channel band after a 100-km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission.     

Dispersion Compensation in Externally Modulated Transmission System Using Chirped Fiber Grating

We present an externally modulated NTSC AM-VSB erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-repeated system in the 1550 nm region which uses a chirped fiber grating (CFG) as a dispersion compensation device. In contrast to the conventional externally modulated fiber optical CATV systems, either with or without dispersion compensation fiber (DCF), good performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) S 50 dB, composite second order (CSO) S 74 dB, and composite triple beat (CTB) S 65 dB were achieved for the full channel band after a 100-km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission.     

Dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO nanowire array/TiO2 nanoparticle composite photoelectrodes with controllable nanowire aspect ratio

The ZnO nanowire (NW) array/TiO₂ nanoparticle (NP) composite photoelectrode with controllable NW aspect ratio has been grown from aqueous solutions for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which combines the advantages of the rapid electron transport in ZnO NW array and the high surface area of TiO₂ NPs. The results indicate that the composite photoelectrode achieves higher overall photoelectrical conversion efficiency (η) than the ZnO NW alone. As a result, DSSCs based on the ZnO NW array/TiO₂ NP composite photoelectrodes get the enhanced photoelectrical conversion efficiency, and the highest η is also achieved by rational tuning the aspect ratio of ZnO NWs. With the proper aspect ratio (ca. 6) of ZnO NW, the ZnO NW array/TiO₂ NP composite DSSC exhibits the highest conversion efficiency (5.5 %). It is elucidated by the dye adsorption amount and interfacial electron transport of DSSCs with the ZnO NW array/TiO₂ NP composite photoelectrode, which is quantitatively characterized using the UV-Vis absorption spectra and electrochemical impedance spectra. It is evident that the DSSC with the proper aspect ratio of ZnO NW displays the high dye adsorption amount and fastest interfacial electron transfer.     

Density-functional studies of electronic and magnetic structures for the perovskite oxides La2/3−yNdySr1/3MnO3

The effects of Nd-doping on the transport and magnetic properties of La_2/3−yNd_ySr_1/3MnO₃ (y=0, 1/3, 2/3) are studied theoretically by using the generalized-gradient-corrected full-potential method. In order to investigate the coupling between Nd and Mn, the electronic structures of La_2/3−yNd_ySr_1/3MnO₃ with ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) arrangements of Nd and Mn sublattices are calculated. The calculation for FM La_2/3−yNd_ySr_1/3MnO₃ yields a half-metallic band structure, while the ferrimagnetic (FiM) system is found to have a metallic character. Hybridization of Nd 4f, Mn 3d, and O 2p bands around Fermi level (E_F) is observed, suggesting the coupling between Nd and Mn is mediated by O 2p carriers. The qualitative features of transport and magnetic properties of such a two-spin system can be interpreted in terms of half-metallic FM domains being mixed up with metallic FiM domains. The proportion of FM domains varying with Nd-doping concentration has strong influences on the magnetoresistance.     

CSO/CTB/BER performances improvement in a bi-directional hybrid DWDM system

Experimental verifications of the feasibility of using chirped fiber grating (CFG) as the dispersion compensation device in a bi-directional hybrid dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) system to reduce the dispersion and cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced crosstalk were proposed and demonstrated. Not only channel capacity was increased, but also good performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) > 50 dB, composite second order (CSO) >72 dB, composite triple beat (CTB) >69 dB and low bit error rate (BER) < 10-9 were achieved in our proposed system over a 50-km single-mode fiber (SMF) transport.     

Analysis of codeposited Gd2O3/SiO2 composite thin films by phase modulated spectroscopic ellipsometric technique

Tailoring of the refractive index of optical thin films has been a very fascinating as well as challenging topic for developing new generation optical coatings. In the present work a novel Gd₂O₃/SiO₂ composite system has been experimented and probed for its superior optical properties through phase modulated spectroscopic ellipsometry, spectrophotometry and atomic force microscopy. The optical parameters of the composite films have been evaluated using Tauc-Lorentz (TL) formulations. In order to derive the growth dependent refractive index profiles, each sample film has been modeled as an appropriate multilayer structure where each sub-layer was treated with the above TL parameterizations. All codeposited films demonstrated superiority with respect to the band gap and morphological measurements. At lower silica mixing compositions such as in 10-20% level, the composite films depicted superior spectral refractive index profile, band gap as well as the morphology. This aspect highlighted the fact that microstructural densifications in composite films can override the chemical compositions while deciding the refractive index and optical properties in such thin films.     

The Nernst-Ettingshausen coefficient in conductors with a narrow conduction band: Analysis and application of its results to HTSC materials

A theoretical analysis is made of the Nernst-Ettingshausen coefficient Q for the case of a narrow conduction band present in the band spectrum of a material. It is shown that the presence of such a band results in a qualitative change in the mechanism responsible for the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect as compared to the classical case of a broad conduction band and that the behavior of this coefficient reveals a number of specific features that are different from the case of the classical theory of transport coefficients in semiconductors and metals. It is demonstrated that the pattern of the Q(T) relation in the case of a narrow band is drastically affected by the asymmetry of the dispersion curve, whereas the other features of the band spectrum and of the properties of the carrier system, including the character of the energy dependence of the relaxation time, are less significant and, in a first approximation, can be disregarded. The calculated Q(T) curves are in qualitative agreement with the experimental relationships obtained for doped HTSCs of the YBa₂Cu₃O_y system. The possibility of using this approach for a complex analysis of the experimental temperature dependences of the four transport coefficients in the normal phase of HTSC materials is demonstrated.     

Photoluminescence and transport in selectively doped p-GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells: manifestation of the upper Hubbard band

By selective doping (Be) of the well and barrier regions of GaAs/Al_0.3Ga_0.7As structures we have realized the situation where the upper Hubbard band (A⁺ centers) has been occupied by holes in the equilibrium. We studied the temperature behavior of the Hall effect, variable range hopping (VRH) conductivity and the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the corresponding structures. The experimental data demonstrated that the binding energy of the A⁺ states significantly increases with respect to 3D case and strongly depends on the well width (9 nm, 15 nm). The localization radii of the A⁺ states estimated from the transport data are of the order of the well widths.     

Synthesis and transport properties of La2NiO4

La₂NiO₄ compounds were prepared by a modified sol–gel auto-combustion method, which is a low-temperature combustion synthesis procedure using microwave-assisted sol–gel as precursors. The high-temperature transport properties of the samples were investigated. The band structure, total density of states (DOS), and partial density of states (PDOS) of low-temperature orthorhombic (Bmab) phase and high-temperature tetragonal (I4/mmm) phase for La₂NiO₄ were calculated in order to study the transport properties of the as-obtained samples.     

Preparation,characterization and application of Nano CdS doped with alum composite electrolyte

A new composite electrolyte has been developed for electrochemical application and studied in details. The system contains Alum doped with nanosize cadmium sulphide (CdS) particles in the desire ratio. The structural studies were carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as infrared spectroscopy (IR) which affirms the composite nature of the system. The electrical properties, including ion transport studies and complex impedance spectra confirm the ionic nature of sample as well as enhancement in ionic conductivity by CdS doping. The temperature dependence measurement confirms the Arrhenius nature of sample, which is commonly observed in the ionic composite system. The dielectric constant varies with temperature, and this data is used to calculate the number of charge carrier (n/n_o) contributing to conductivity and fits well with emf variation. A cell was fabricated by sandwiching the composite between graphite and stainless steel electrodes, which shows an emf of 7 mV.     

全双工60 GHz的光纤无线通信系统

基于光纤无线通信(ROF)的无线网络被认为是提供高带宽、交互式和多媒体无线通信服务很有前景的实现方式,但目前毫米波频段的光纤无线通信系统都存在色散严重或基站结构复杂等问题。设计完成了一个全双工60 GHz的光纤无线通信系统,利用双光源技术和60 GHz的电吸收收发器(EAT)分别在下行和上行链路实现单波长和双波长调制,完成基站的探测、调制、射频上变频和下变频四种功能,在基站中实现了电吸收收发/混频器(EATX),从而避免了制作电吸收收发/混频器件,同时也解决了光纤无线通信系统中常见的色散和基站结构复杂等问题。     

Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in UCu4+xAl8−x compounds

We report on experimental studies of the Kondo physics and the development of non-Fermi-liquid scaling in UCu_4+xAl_8−x family. We studied 7 different compounds with compositions between x=0 and 2. We measured electrical transport (down to 65 mK) and thermoelectric power (down to 1.8 K) as a function of temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and/or magnetic field.Compounds with Cu content below x=1.25 exhibit long-range antiferromagnetic order at low temperatures. Magnetic order is suppressed with increasing Cu content and our data indicate a possible quantum critical point at x_cr≈1.15. For compounds with higher Cu content, non-Fermi-liquid behavior is observed. Non-Fermi-liquid scaling is inferred from electrical resistivity results for the x=1.25 and 1.5 compounds. For compounds with even higher Cu content, a sharp kink occurs in the resistivity data at low temperatures, and this may be indicative of another quantum critical point that occurs at higher Cu compositions.For the magnetically ordered compounds, hydrostatic pressure is found to increase the Néel temperature, which can be understood in terms of the Kondo physics. For the non-magnetic compounds, application of a magnetic field promotes a tendency toward Fermi-liquid behavior. Thermoelectric power was analyzed using a two-band Lorentzian model, and the results indicate one fairly narrow band (10 meV and below) and a second broad band (around hundred meV). The results imply that there are two relevant energy scales that need to be considered for the physics in this family of compounds.     

Electric transport character in the La0.7Ce0.3MnO3-SrTiO3-Nb heterojunction

The electric transport character in heterojunction composed of a La_0.7Ce_0.3MnO₃ film and a 0.5 wt% Nb-doped SrTiO₃ substrate (LCEM/STON) is investigated. It is found that the energy band gap (E_g) between LCEM and STON decreases with increasing temperatures. The most striking observation of present work is that there exists a variation of reverse transport mechanism from ionization to tunneling at the temperature of 175 K. We attribute the temperature dependence of reverse transport mechanism to co-work of E_g and the ferromagnetic (FM) insulting phase in the heterojunction. These results are helpful in configuring artificial devices using manganites.     

Effect of temperature on the electrical properties of (WO3·Co2O3) composite

The composite with the mole ratio of WO₃ to Co₂O₃ being 3:1 was fabricated by the conventional solid-state reaction process. The electrical properties of the sample were measured at various ambient temperatures in a low electric field (E<200 V/mm). The results demonstrated that the electrical behavior of the composite was sensitive to the variation of the ambient temperature. As the temperature increased, the composite displayed negative differential resistance characteristic within the temperature range of about 50-130 °C. When the temperature was between 140 and 300 °C the composite exhibited sublinear electrical behavior where current rose more weakly than voltage, which is sharply unlike those in varistors. An obviously superlinear property, exploited in varistors, was observed at the temperature of 500 °C. The present results also suggested that the composite did not obey the Arrhenius law. The current-voltage (I-V) properties of the composite could be explained by the double p-n junction and Joule heat.     

Effect of the substitution of S for Se on the structure of the glasses in the system Ge0.23Sb0.07S0.70−xSex

Glasses in the system Ge-Sb-S/Se, expected to have high nonlinear index, have been elaborated with different S/Se ratio in order to increase the nonlinear optical properties of these glasses. We report results of a systematic study examining the relationship of the physical properties to the structure of the glasses in the system Ge_0.23Sb_0.07S_0.70−xSe_x with x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50 and 0.70 where the substitution of S for Se has been made. The decrease of the glass transition temperature and the increase of the density with the progressive substitution of S for Se have been correlated, in accordance with the red shift of the absorption band gap, to the progressive decrease of corner-sharing GeS_4/2 units for 0.05<x<0.50 and of the progressive increase of corner-sharing GeSe_4/2 units and Ge-Se-Ge when x>0.50.     

Facile synthesis of thiol-stabilized CdSexTe1−x nanocrystals

CdSe_xTe_1−x nanocrystals (x=0.25, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60 and 0.75) were synthesized using thioglycerol as a stabilizing agent. The composition of the CdSe_xTe_1−x nanocrystals was precisely controlled by tuning the precursor (Se/Te) ratio. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the nanocrystals were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. It is found that the Se/Te ratio significantly affects the properties of the resultant CdSe_xTe_1−x nanocrystals. XRD pattern of the CdSe_xTe_1−x nanocrystals revealed cubic, hexagonal and mixed phases depending on the ratio of Se:Te. Surface morphology of the CdSe_xTe_1−x nanocrystals showed nanoclusters of sizes ∼50 nm, with the adjacent cluster interlinking each other. DRS revealed the size dependence band gap energy prevailing in the CdSe_xTe_1−x nanocrystals from 1.52 to 2.66 eV due to the optical bowing effect. PL measurements exhibited band edge emission in the visible spectral region, and are red shifted with increase in Se concentration. The facile route employed in the present work to synthesis the CdSe_xTe_1−x nanocrystals in an aqueous medium is simple and controllable, and the strategy presented will be handy in preparing diverse semiconducting nanocrystals.     

Characterization of ROF signal based on cascaded optical carrier suppression modulation technique

The paper experimentally demonstrated the optical frequency quadrupling microwave signal generation, a 4 GHz radio frequency (RF) signals up-conversion to 16 GHz in a radio over fiber (ROF) link, using twice optical carrier suppression modulation. The RF signal was mixed with 1.25 Gbps NRZ-OOK data firstly and then modulated by two cascaded single-electrode optical intensity modulators. The obtained 1.25 Gbps/16 GHz ROF signal was transmitted and characterized in the optical fiber link. At BER of 10^?9, low power penalty of 1.0 and 1.4 dB were obtained over a fiber link with a transmission distance of 25 and 50 km.     

Domain growth and aging scaling in coarsening disordered systems

We explore the electronic and transport properties out of a biased multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by first-principles calculations. The band gaps of multilayer h-BN decrease almost linearly with increasing perpendicular electric field, irrespective of the layer number N and stacking manner. The critical electric filed (E ₀) required to close the band gap decreases with the increasing N and can be approximated by E ₀ = 3.2 / (N ? 1) (eV). We provide a quantum transport simulation of a dual-gated 4-layer h-BN with graphene electrodes. The transmission gap in this device can be effectively reduced by double gates, and a high on-off ratio of 3000 is obtained with relatively low voltage. This renders biased MLh-BN a promising channel in field effect transistor fabrication.