Cavity-Induced Enhancement of Squeezing in Resonance Fluorescence of a V-Type Three-Level Atom

The quadrature squeezing spectra in the resonance fluorescence of a V-type three-level atom driven by a coherent field and coupled to a single-mode cavity is investigated. For weak excitation, the fluorescence field exhibit squeezing in the out-of-phase quadrature. The coupling between the atom and the cavity mode can greatly enhance the squeezing centred at the laser frequency. More importantly, for strong excitation, under the effect of the cavity-atom coupling, the in-phase quadrature of fluorescence can exhibit two-mode squeezing at the two inner sideband frequencies. By working in the dressed-state representation and hiring secular approximation, we give an analytical explanation for the effect. The result shows, under appropriate conditions, the squeezing can be greatly enhanced by appropriately tuning the cavity resonant frequency.     

高次模式同轴多间隙腔激励特性研究

提出了一种工作在TM₅₁-2π模式的Ka波段同轴多间隙谐振腔,使用CST本征模求解器研究了此结构的电场分布特性,并分析了基于外侧全通的耦合方式下该结构的冷腔模式特性。在此基础上,通过结合空间电荷波理论和CST三维粒子仿真分析,研究了在多电子注激励下同轴多间隙腔高次模式的起振特性,并分析了此种结构的模式稳定性与注-波互作用特性。研究结果表明:对于工作在Ka波段的TM₅₁-2π模式同轴多间隙腔,采取结构外侧全耦合的方式具有较高的模式稳定性;在此结构中,多电子注不仅会均匀激励起工作模式,也可能非均匀激励起竞争模式;不同于工作在基模的扩展互作用速调管,此种结构的速调管电场极值是分别建立的,因此激励电子注可放置在不同相位的电场极值处;在保持电子注电压、总电流不变的情况下,采取更多电子注的激励方式,需要更小的聚焦磁场。     

二极管激光阵列在Talbot外腔中同相模的选择

 从理论和实验上对二极管激光阵列在Talbot外腔中的锁相进行了研究。在同相模和异相模近场分布的基础上,利用1维情况下的菲涅耳衍射公式计算了其远场分布。根据同相模和异相模在Talbot腔中的分布特性,采用1/2 Talbot腔并将外腔镜倾斜一个角度a的方法既能选择同相模,又能使模式的功率损耗最小。二极管激光阵列芯片采用CD金刚石材料,“三明治”结构对其进行封装,明显地减小了阵列的“smile”效应。在实验中实现了二极管激光阵列同相模的锁相输出,远场单瓣模的半高全宽为0.11 mm。     

多芯光纤激光器增益场选模效应研究

对多芯光纤激光器的增益场选模效应进行了初步研究。利用矢量耦合模理论计算多芯光纤激光器支持的各类超模的模式特性,并对其增益系数进行计算,比较不同功率等级下各超模增益特性的异同。计算结果表明,在较低功率下。多芯光纤激光器各类超模增益系数大小基本一致,输出光束是由各超模组成的混合模式; 而当激光功率较高时,同相模的增益系数大小明显大于其它模式,在模式竞争中占据优势,激光器输出光束远场具备同相模的特征。最后对多芯光纤激光器增益场选模效应的适用范围进行了简单讨论。     

Characteristics of a Q-switched multicore photonic crystal fiber laser with a very large mode field area

We model and characterize the behavior of a Q-switched fiber laser. The fiber is a doped multicore photonic crystal fiber having six cores in a ring-type geometry. The fiber laser is Q-switched using an intracavity acousto-optic modulator. Using a mode filtering technique in the far field, a mode very close to the fundamental in-phase supermode is obtained with a mode field area of 4200 microm(2) and a divergence of 9 mrad. Pulses with energies of up to 2.2 mJ and durations of 26 ns (limited by end facet damage) at a repetition rate of 10 kHz are obtained.     

三角结构三芯光子晶体光纤中的模式耦合特性分析

基于耦合模理论,得出了三角结构三芯光子晶体光纤(TTC-PCF)的耦合模方程.数值模拟研究了该结构中纤芯间的定向耦合特性,分析了光纤结构及入射波长对耦合系数的影响以及入射光振幅比对纤芯间能量耦合特性的影响.结果表明,通过调节入射光振幅比可实现对纤芯间耦合强度的连续调节.对比了耦合模理论与束传播法得到的结果,两者表现出很好的一致性.结合TTC-PCF展现的独特耦合传输性能,讨论了其在耦合强度连续可调光纤定向耦合器和大模场光纤激光器的设计与制备等方面的可能应用前景.     

Structure of a nonparaxial gaussian beam near the focus: III. Stability,eigenmodes, and vortices

Exact analytical structurally stable solutions of the Maxwell equations for singular mode beams propagating in free space or a uniform isotropic medium are obtained. Approximate boundary conditions are chosen in the form of the requirement that in the paraxial approximation the fields of nonparaxial mode beams in the waist plane are transformed into the fields of eigenmodes and vortices of weakly guiding optical fibers with the axial symmetry of refractive index. It is shown that optical vortices, in spite of a rather complex structure of field distribution, do not experience substantial changes in the beam form and reproduce, in general features, the field of paraxial vortices. Linear perturbations of the characteristic parameters of mode beams do not change the structure of their electromagnetic field. Nonparaxial singular beams have one more important property, in addition to the fact that the structure of these beams in the paraxial approximation is similar to the structure of the fields of eigenmodes in a fiber. The propagation constants of eigenmodes of a fiber exactly coincide (in the first approximation of perturbation theory) with the projection of the wave vector of a mode beam on the optical axis (an analog of the propagation constant). The possibility of the paraxial transition for nonparaxial mode beams with arbitrary values of azimuthal and radial indices is shown. The properties of nonparaxial modes are illustrated by numerous examples. The solutions obtained and the results of their analysis can be used for exact matching optical fibers and laser beams in various applications.     

利用Kagome光纤实现多芯光子晶体光纤的输出合束

多芯光纤的输出光束只能在远场和焦点附近实现良好的同相位超模合束,这种超模传输特性大大影响了多芯光纤的应用范围.一种新型中空Kagome光纤为解决这一难题提供了可行的方案,利用中空Kagome光纤可以实现七芯光纤输出模式的整形合束.本文利用中心波长800 nm的钛宝石飞秒激光作为激光源,耦合入七芯非线性光子晶体光纤,得到700 nm至1050 nm的展宽光谱,并实现同相位超模输出.随后,将非线性展宽之后的宽谱七芯光束耦合至Kagome光子晶体光纤中,从Kagome光纤输出光斑呈高斯分布的模式传输,不再演变回七芯模式,耦合效率71%.实验还进一步验证此方法适用于不同结构的多芯光纤,为多芯光纤在高功率激光等领域的应用提供了参考.     

Dynamical structure functions,collective modes,and energy gap in charged-particle bilayers

The dynamical properties of strongly coupled charged-particle bilayers are investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and theoretical analysis. The spectra of the current correlation functions show the existence of two (in-phase and out-of-phase) longitudinal and two (in-phase and out-of-phase) transverse collective modes. The out-of-phase modes possess finite frequencies at wave numbers k-->0, confirming the existence of the predicted long-wavelength energy gap in the bilayer system. A theoretical model based on an extended Feynman ansatz for the dynamical structure functions provides predictions on the strength of the collective modes that are verified by the MD experiment.     

Nonlinear beam interactions in semi-infinite waveguide arrays

The interactions between coherent beams launched near the interface of one-dimensional semi-infinite Kerr-type nonlinear waveguide arrays have been theoretically investigated. We have explored the effect of the input intensities, the relative phase of the optical beams, and the modulation of the refractive index of the optical lattices on nonlinear beam interaction dynamics. For in-phase beams with different incident intensities, the highly-localized spatial soliton was dragged in a discrete fashion by a low-intensity diffracting beam. Anomalous fusion of two out-of-phase beams, and energy exchange between the excited channels were observed at high intensities. The possibility of employing nonlinear interactions for optical signal re-addressing, all-optical switching is also discussed.     

Beam interaction in one-dimensional inhomogeneous Kerr nonlinear arrays

The interactions between two parallel and co-polarized beams in weakly coupled cubic focusing nonlinear waveguide arrays with transverse inhomogeneous modulation of the refractive index were investigated by means of beam propagation method. Results show that the in-phase beams attract each other and coalesce when the inhomogeneous parameter is smaller than a critical value. For the out-of-phase beams, oscillations exist at low power level, and the larger inhomogeneous parameter, the larger period and amplitude of oscillation. At a high power level, solitonlike propagation of weak coupling occurs. The inhomogeneity of waveguide arrays provide a flexible way to control the interactions of beams, and may find potential applications in all-optical systems.     

Hysteresis loops of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites under in-phase/out-of-phase thermomechanical and isothermal cyclic loading

In this paper, the stress?strain hysteresis loops of fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) under in-phase/out-of-phase thermomechanical and isothermal cyclic loading have been investigated. The thermomechanical hysteresis loops models have been developed considering synergistic effects of thermal temperature cycling, stress levels and fiber/matrix interface debonding. The relationships between thermal cyclic temperatures, peak stress, fiber/matrix interface shear stress and stress?strain hysteresis loops under in-phase/out-of-phase thermomechanical and isothermal cyclic loading have been established. The effects of fiber volume fraction, peak stress, matrix crack spacing, interface frictional coefficient, interface debonded energy and temperature range on the stress?strain hysteresis loops under in-phase/out-of-phase thermomechanical and isothermal cyclic loading have been analyzed. The hysteresis loops of cross-ply SiC/magnesium aluminosilicate (MAS) composite under in-phase/out-of-phase thermomechanical and isothermal fatigue loading have been predicted.     

Single-polarization in-phase supermode operation in multicore fiber lasers

Two passive cores with elliptical air holes are introduced in the cladding of the active multicore fiber. The birefringence induced by the elliptical air holes lifts the degeneracy between two orthogonal in-phase supermodes, through the coupling between the passive and the active cores. For the proposed multicore fiber with an appropriate choice of the design parameters, the x-polarized in-phase supermode has more mode power in the active cores compared with the other supermodes. That in turn favors competition compared to the other supermodes with the low power density in the active cores. The numerical results show that the multicore fiber lasers can output a pure x-polarized in-phase supermode without using other mode-selective elements.     

Phase-locked supermode emissions from a dual multicore fiber laser

We report on a fiber laser configuration, emitting two phase-locked and single mode beams at the output of two multicore fibers. The passive technique is based both on the selective excitation of the only in-phase supermodes of the multicore fibers and on an intra-cavity angular filtering of the emitted beams to provide phase control. As a proof of principle, we experimentally demonstrate the coherent combining of the fundamental in-phase supermodes of two parallel 7-cores fibers.     

长周期多芯手征光纤轨道角动量的调制

基于矢量模式耦合理论,在多模光纤中引入手性耦合纤芯结构,设计了一种光纤型光轨道角动量调制器.使用单根光纤,无需施加扭转或应力,可以实现任意光轨道角动量的调制.通过理论分析与数值仿真,研究了不同结构参数对轨道角动量模式纯度、传输损耗和有效折射率的影响.在中心纤芯和旁纤芯传播常数不变的前提下,旁纤芯数量对损耗影响较大,通过相位匹配条件计算得到的螺距可以在一定数值范围内浮动变化,两种纤芯的间距受限于模式损耗和光纤集成度.     

Phase evolution of the reemitted field in the semiconductor quantum wells under the femtosecond pulse train intersubband excitation

Property of the phase of the reemitted field in the semiconductor quantum wells (QWs) excited by femtosecond pulse train is investigated. It is shown that the phase evolution of the reemitted field is controlled by the relative phase between the successive pulses of the incident train. For all the odd pulses excitation,the reemitted field is from out-of-phase to in-phase, then again to out-of-phase with the incident pulses,whereas for all the even pulses excitation, the situation is the opposite, i.e., it is from in-phase to out-of-phase, then again to in-phase with the incident pulses.     

Spontaneous-emission spectrum of the nonlasing supermodes in semiconductor laser arrays

It is shown that the interference between amplified spontaneous emission into the nonlasing supermode and the laser field of a semiconductor laser array causes spatial hole burning, which couples the dynamics of the amplified spontaneous emission with the laser field. In particular, phase locking between the amplified spontaneous emission and the lasing mode leads to the formation of a spectral triplet composed of in-phase relaxation oscillation sidebands and an out-of-phase line at the lasing frequency.     

Incoherently coupled Hermite-Gaussian breather and soliton pairs in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media

We theoretically investigate the propagation of incoherently coupled Hermite-Gaussian breather and soliton pairs in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media. It is found that multipole-mode soliton pairs with arbitrary different orders of Hermite-Gaussian shape can exist when the total power of two beams equals the critical power and the ratio of the beam widths for the Gaussian part is inversely proportional to the square root of the ratio of the wave numbers. When the total power does not equal the critical power, the Hermite-Gaussian breather pair exists and their beam widths evolve analogously. For general cases where the ratio of the beam widths is arbitrary, soliton-breather pairs or breather-breather pairs can be formed and their beam widths evolve synchronously in-phase or out-of-phase. Numerical simulations directly based on the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation are conducted for comparison with our theoretical predictions. The numerical stability analysis shows the higher-order Hermite-Gaussian solitons can not be stable for small nonlocality or for some media like liquid crystals.     

Phonon anomalies due to collective stripe modes in high T(c) cuprates

Phonon anomalies observed in various high T(c) cuprates by neutron experiments are analyzed theoretically in terms of the stripe concept. The phonon self-energy correction is evaluated by taking into account the charge collective modes of stripes, giving rise to dispersion gap, or kink and shadow phonon modes at twice the wave number of spin stripe. These features coincide precisely with observations. The gapped branches of the phonon are found to be in-phase and out-of-phase oscillations relative to the charge collective mode.     

基于光纤平移的窄线宽可调谐Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器

针对输出耦合镜旋转调谐时输出光束方向变化问题,设计了一种光纤位置平移、而调谐输出光束方向不变的光纤激光器系统。运用光栅方程,分析了光纤平移的调谐机理;采用输出与反馈光束耦合模型,分析了输出增益线宽随光纤位置、光束半径的变化。理论分析表明:该光纤激光器可获得线宽小于0.2 nm的调谐激光输出。实验结果表明,该激光器在波长为1543.446 nm处获得的调谐输出功率最大,达到470 mW,计算的斜率效率为23.9 %;整个调谐区域达到36 nm,调谐范围内激光的3 dB线宽小于0.08 nm。