CATV/ROF transport systems based on light injection/optoelectronic feedback techniques and photonic crystal fiber

A directly modulated CATV/radio-on-fiber (ROF) transport system based on light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques, and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and demonstrated. Excellent performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), composite second order (CSO) and composite triple beat (CTB) were obtained for CATV band; as well as low bit error rate (BER) and third order intermodulation distortion to carrier ratio (IMD₃/C) values were achieved for ROF band. This demonstrated that such a CATV/ROF transport system is very attractive for the fiber backbone applications.     

Long-Distance Transmission of AM-VSB CATV Systems Using Fabry-Perot Laser Diode and Fiber Bragg Grating

This study presented a directly modulated 1550 nm NTSC AM-VSB CATV longdistance transmission system using Fabry-Perot laser diode, optical isolator, fiber Bragg grating, quarter-split-band, and wavelength-division multiplexing techniques. Good carrier-to-noise ratio ( ≥48 dB), composite second-order ( ≥64 dB), and composite triple-beat ( ≥60 dB) performances were obtained after a 100 km standard single-mode fiber transmission. Our proposed system does not use an externally modulated 1550 nm transmitter and a sophisticated stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression technique. It reveals a prominent technique with simpler and more economical advantages than that of externally modulated 1550 nm transmission system.     

Analysis of dispersion compensation by chirped fiber grating in directly and externally modulated CATV systems

The dispersion compensation effect of the chirped fiber grating (CFG) is analyzed theoretically, and analytic expressions are derived for composite second-order (CSO) distortion in analog modulated sub-carrier multiplexed (AM-SCM) cable television (CATV) systems with externally and directly modulated transmitters. Simulations are given for the two kinds of modulations and for standard single mode fiber and non-zero dispersion shift fiber (NZDSF) systems. The results show that CFG could be used as a dispersion compensator in directly modulated systems, but its dispersion coefficient should be adjusted much more precisely than the externally modulated system. The requirements for the NZDSF system could be loosened much. It is proposed that directly modulated source may be used as a transmitter in CATV systems combined with tunable CFG dispersion compensator being adjusted precisely, which may be more cost-effective than externally modulation technology.     

Dispersion Compensation in Externally Modulated Transmission System Using Chirped Fiber Grating

We present an externally modulated NTSC AM-VSB erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-repeated system in the 1550 nm region which uses a chirped fiber grating (CFG) as a dispersion compensation device. In contrast to the conventional externally modulated fiber optical CATV systems, either with or without dispersion compensation fiber (DCF), good performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) ≥50 dB, composite second order (CSO) ≥74 dB, and composite triple beat (CTB) ≥65 dB were achieved for the full channel band after a 100-km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission.     

Dispersion Compensation in Externally Modulated Transmission System Using Chirped Fiber Grating

We present an externally modulated NTSC AM-VSB erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)-repeated system in the 1550 nm region which uses a chirped fiber grating (CFG) as a dispersion compensation device. In contrast to the conventional externally modulated fiber optical CATV systems, either with or without dispersion compensation fiber (DCF), good performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) S 50 dB, composite second order (CSO) S 74 dB, and composite triple beat (CTB) S 65 dB were achieved for the full channel band after a 100-km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission.     

CATV/radio-on-fiber transport system based on direct modulation

A directly modulated CATV/radio-on-fiber (ROF) transport system based on external light injection technique, optical single sideband (SSB) filter, and RF amplifier predistorter is proposed and demonstrated. To the best of my knowledge, it is the first time to transmit CATV and ROF signals simultaneously in a directly modulated form. Good performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), composite second order (CSO) and composite triple beat (CTB) were obtained for CATV band; and low third order intermodulation distortion to carrier ratio (IMD₃/C), and bit error rate (BER) values were achieved for ROF application.     

Analysis of dispersion compensation for position-dependence in externally modulated CATV lightwave systems by using chirped fiber grating

The dispersion compensation characteristics of the chirped fiber grating (CFG) for different dispersion compensation positions are analyzed in externally modulated cable television (CATV) lightwave system and the analytic expression of the composite second order (CSO) distortion is derived. The analyses give a reasonable explanation for the position-dependent effect of CFG dispersion compensator, which was found in practical systems. Moreover, the theoretical result is also verified by an experiment. It is believed that the theory will be helpful in designing optical CATV fiber links with nodes at proper positions both for intensity amplification and dispersion compensation.     

Novel optical add-drop multiplexer for wavelength-division-multiplexing networks

Two novel optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) with different self-healing functionalities for reliable wavelength-division-multiplexing networks are presented and demonstrated. Single or multiple failure-link traffics can be bi-directionally restored without the need for wavelength conversion or extra backup fiber links. To evaluate the performances of the proposed structures, a 77-channel CATV signal is experimentally transmitted with a favorable carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), composite second-order (CSO) and composite triple beat (CTB) performances.     

Optical Coherence Tomography Implemented by Photonic Crystal Fiber

We report a photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, in which conventional single-mode fiber for the transmission line and the fiber coupler for the beam splitter/combiner are replaced with PCF and PCF coupler. The PCF coupler fabricated using the fused biconical tapered (FBT) method showed a nearly flat coupling ratio over a broad spectral bandwidth of 400 nm, which provided an axial resolution of 3-μm for OCT imaging. With a white-light source, the 8-μm thick air gap between two stacked cover glasses was measured, and with a conventional superluminecent diode (SLD) source, the in vitro images of rat eye and Misgurnus mizolepis skin were successfully obtained. The PCF and PCF coupler might enable a white-light as the source for the cost effective and high-resolution OCT system.     

A design of novel photonic crystal fiber with low and flattened dispersion for supporting 84 orbital angular momentum modes

A dual-guided photonic crystal fiber(PCF) with low and flattened dispersion is designed, which can support a large number of orbital angular momentum(OAM) modes. The properties of the proposed PCF are systematically analyzed through the finite element method. The results show that the proposed PCF can support up to 84 OAM modes with 600 nm bandwidth ranging from 1000 to1600 nm. All values of mode purity are above 91.7%, the isolation parameters are larger than 67 dB and the maximum value up to 145 dB, the lowest confinement loss is only 5×10~(-13) dB·m~(-1).More importantly, the values of dispersion for all modes are less than 40 ps·km~(-1)·nm~(-1), and the lowest dispersion variation is only 0.7 ps·km~(-1)·nm~(-1). These superior optical properties make the proposed PCF have great advantage in stable transmissions of data and long-distance optical fiber communication system with large capacity.     

一种新型高双折射光子晶体光纤

提出了一种新的高双折射光子晶体光纤结构.应用全矢量频域有限差分方法所做的数值分析表明：该结构光纤基模的两个正交偏振态不再简并，其模式呈现很强的线偏振特性,并且模式双折射与结构参数设置有密切关系.通过选择合适的结构参数，可以使之达到10^-2量级，比传统的D型和熊猫型保偏光纤高出2个数量级.合理设计光纤包层的几何结构，可以取得理想的色散效果.这种结构的光子晶体光纤可用于制作具有适当色散特性或偏振特性的保偏光纤及相关光纤器件. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 模式双折射 偏振特性 频域有限差分法     

Analysis of high birefringence photonic crystal fiber with octagonal and squarely lattice

Aiming at the requirement of high birefringence, a new kind of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with octagonal and squarely lattice is proposed. In this structure, squarely lattices are added in the inner layer to obtain high birefringence. Birefringence and dispersion as a function of wavelength and size of PCF are analyzed by using Finite Element Method (FEM). Simulation results show that this kind of PCF exhibits high birefringence with a magnitude of 10^?3, and one zero dispersion point is obtained simultaneously. In addition, the characteristics of PCF can be tuned by changing the size of fiber.     

All-solid silica-based photonic crystal fibers

An index-guiding all-solid photonic crystal fiber (PCF) composed entirely of silica material is proposed in this paper. The core of this optical fiber is composed of pure silica, and the cladding consists of doped silica rod in the background of pure silica. The dependence of confinement loss on the diameter of the doped rods, the number of doped-rod rings, and the doping level is investigated numerically. In addition, the proposed fiber possesses a shorter cutoff wavelength as compared with the air/silica PCF, which is directly confirmed by the V parameter, and explained based on a scalar approximation method. Furthermore, the bending loss for the fiber is predicted. A low-loss single-mode all-solid silica-based PCF with a large-mode-area is possible by the appropriate selection of configuration parameters.     

复合四边形空气孔格点光子晶体光纤的色散特性分析

提出了一种复合四边形空气孔格点光子晶体光纤,其包层是由两种不同大小的空气孔组合而构成的.利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对其色散特性进行了分析.结果表明,通过调节包层中两种不同尺寸的空气孔的大小以及孔间距这三个参量,可以得到不同水平的平坦色散曲线,甚至超平坦的色散曲线.     

Generation of a compact high-power high-efficiency normal-dispersion pumping supercontinuum in silica photonic crystal fiber pumped with a 1064-nm picosecond pulse

Broadband normal dispersion pumping supercontinuum （SC） generation in silica photonic crystal fiber （PCF） is investigated in this paper. A 1064-nm picosecond fiber laser is used to pump silica PCF for the SC generation. The length of PCF is optimized for the most efficient stimulated Raman scattering process in the picosecond pump pulse region. The first stimulated Raman Stokes peak is located in the anomalous dispersion regime of the PCF and near the zero dispersion wavelength; thus the SC generation process can benefit from both a normal dispersion pumping scheme and an anomalous dispersion pumping scheme. The 51.7-W SC spanning from about 700 nm to beyond 1700 nm is generated with an all-fiber configuration, and the pump-to-SC conversion efficiency is up to 90%. In order to avoid the output fiber end face damage and increase the stability of the system, an improved output solution for the high power SC is proposed in our experiment. This high-efficiency near-infrared SC source is very suitable for applications in which average output power and spectral power density are firstly desirable.     

Characteristics analysis of photonic crystal fiber with rhombus air-core

Aiming at the requirement of low confinement loss and multiple zero dispersion points in fiber-optic sensing systems and optical communication networks, a new type of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with rhombus air-core is proposed. By using finite element method (FEM), the structural and optical properties of the proposed PCF are analyzed. Simulation results reveal that the proposed PCF has lower confinement loss with 10^?3 dB/m and higher birefringence. Besides, two zero dispersion points can be obtained after optimization. The proposed PCF may have important applications in fiber-optic sensing systems and other aspects.     

Variable photonic crystal fiber optical attenuator combining air hole reduction induced radiation and bending loss

Recently, an optical attenuator has been important in fiber optic communication systems, because a transmission power in fiber has become higher due to a channel increment in wavelength division multiplexing transmission. A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) optical attenuator is fabricated by air hole diameter reduction in a part of PCF in which radiations are caused in the air hole diameter reduced part of PCF. A PCF optical attenuator has a high power resistance feature due to its radiation-induced operation of optical attenuation. In this paper, we proposed a variable PCF optical attenuator in which a bend was applied to the air hole diameter reduced part in PCF optical attenuator that was fabricated by CO₂ laser irradiation. In PCF optical attenuator fabrication, the attenuation was adjusted by the reduced air hole diameter with laser irradiation time control. It was demonstrated that 10.6–13.5 dB of variable attenuation was obtained at 1550 nm-wavelength with 0°–90° bending angle applied to the air hole diameter reduced part in PCF optical attenuator.     

全固态八边形大模场光子晶体光纤的设计

提出一种新型的全固态八边形大模场低损耗的掺镱石英光子晶体光纤,利用多极法对光纤的结构和特性进行了模拟.这种结构的光子晶体光纤空气孔由掺有少量氧化硼的石英棒代替,简化了制备过程,提高了光纤的热损伤阈值.在波长为1064 μm处,光纤的模场面积可达2000 μm²,还可实现单模传输,而且其弯曲损耗很小,当弯曲半径为5 cm时弯曲损耗小于05 dB/m.这种光纤对光纤激光器和光纤放大器的发展有重要意义. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 模场面积 弯曲损耗 限制损耗     

Design of diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasma resonance effect

A novel plasmonic polarization filter based on the diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is proposed. The resonant coupling characteristics of the PCF polarization filter are investigated by the full-vector finite-element method. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the PCF, when the fiber length is 5 mm, the polarization filter has a bandwidth of 990 nm and an extinction ratio(ER) of lower than -20 dB. Moreover, a single wavelength polarization filter can also be achieved, along with an ER of -279.78 dB at wavelength 1.55 μm. It is believed that the proposed PCF polarization filter will be very useful in laser and optical communication systems.     

Broad and tunable multiwavelength fiber laser at the assistance of modulation-instability-assisted four-wave mixing

Based on a piece of highly-nonlinear near-zero-dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber (PCF), a broadly tunable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed by using a bi-directionally pumping scheme. This kind of PCF induces the modulation-instability-assisted four-wave mixing to generate new wavelengths. The proposed laser with excellent stability is tunable and switchable by adjusting the fiber Bragg gratings and the variable optical attenuators. The outstanding merits of the proposed multiwavelength laser are the flexible tuning and the ultrabroad spectral range over 150 nm. Especially, the proposed laser source can work at the wavelength of less than 1460 nm, overcoming the limit of gain bandwidth of erbium-doped fiber.