微量氧污染的Ni{001}c(2×2)-Al有序合金表面上CO的分解吸附

本文用真空热蒸镀的方法得到了表面处有微量氧污染的有序表面合金,并用AES,LEED和HREELS研究了CO在该合金表面上的吸附。合金在52,75和105meV处产生三个振动峰,它们分别对应于表面上和表面Al原子以下的Al和氧原子之间的伸缩振动,在室温和低温下(135K),CO分子直立吸附在合金表面Ni原子顶位和最近邻的两个Ni原子桥位上并在250meV 和222meV处产生相应的损失峰。CO暴露量太子2.0L以后,105meV的损失峰强度随CO暴露量的增加有明显的增加,这是由于吸附在表面的CO有部分分解,分解后的氧原子和Al原子结合优先占据表面以下的位置,CO的分解速率与氧污染的多少有关,氧原子越多,分解速率越快。据我们所知,这是第一次在室温下观察到在Ni-Al合金表面上CO的分解。     

导弹武器系统费用的模糊估算模型研究

利用模糊数学的基本原理,基于模糊贴近度的概念和择近原则,在同一条件下,研究和对比在研导弹武器系统与已有导弹武器系统的相似程度,在导弹武器系统费用历史资料的基础上,根据指数平滑法的理论,建立了在早期设计阶段导弹武器系统费用的模糊预测模型。仿真实例验证了该方法的适用性和结果的可靠性。     

基于BG分布的资产收益率分布拟合与尾部风险测度——以上海黄金市场为例

本文以上海黄金市场为例,在GARCH模型下,系统性比较了基于正态分布、Logistic分布、HS分布、Laplace分布、t2分布和Cauchy分布的对称和非对称共12种BG分布在收益率分布拟合以及VaR和ES测度中的效果。研究结果表明,BG分布在收益率分布建模与尾部风险测度上的表现与原分布类型有关。当原分布为正态分布时,对称和非对称BG分布的效果都较差。当原分布为Logistic分布、HS分布、Laplace分布、t2分布和Cauchy分布时,对称和非对称BG分布的效果都较好,其中非对称BG分布效果在尾部分布拟合上优势更大。在所有分布中,基于t2分布和Cauchy分布的非对称BG分布表现最优。     

考虑消费者退货的双渠道订货量决策研究

在考虑消费者退货下,构建由制造商和零售商组成的二级供应链模型,研究了双方的订货量决策问题,并分析不同策略以及决策顺序对均衡结果和制造商开通直销渠道的影响。研究发现:在单渠道中,提供退款保证可提高订货量、制造商和零售商利润。当直销成本较大时,制造商将不开通直销渠道;提供退款保证有利于制造商开通直销渠道。在双渠道中,提供退款保证能够提高直销量、总订货量和制造商利润;直销量、总订货量、制造商利润和总利润都随直销成本递减;在顺序决策下,制造商利润和总利润更高。     

带有随机产出和广告投入的Newsboy模型

首次将随机产出和广告投入同时引入到Newsboy模型中,分别在乘积形式随机产出和加和形式随机产出情况下,建立带有广告费用的最优决策模型,通过分析得出如下结论:在乘积随机产出情况下,随着广告费用的不断增加,最优计划生产量在快速增加;而在加和形式随机产出情况下,随着广告费用不断增加时,最优计划生产量也在不断增加,但其增加的速率较小。最后,指出乘积形式的随机产出适用于刚上市的新产品,而加和形式的随机产出适用于品牌产品。     

考虑制造成本扰动的闭环供应链回收与协调策略

针对两周期闭环供应链,在考虑突发事件干扰新产品制造成本的情况下,在集中式和分散式决策时闭环供应链在扰乱前后关于回收决策和协调机制问题的比较,得到了扰动前后的最优回收价格、回收数量以及制造商的最大再制造节约利润和零售商的最优回收利润。研究表明:当制造成本扰动幅度较小时,集中化决策者和分散化决策者均保持原回收计划,适当调整回收价格;当制造成本扰动幅度较大时,集中化决策者和制造商愿意调整其回收决策,而零售商在正扰动幅度较大时希望保持原回收计划,在负扰动幅度较大时倾向于调整回收决策。两部收费制契约可以协调制造成本扰乱之前和之后的闭环供应链。制造商获得的固定费用在制造成本扰动幅度较小时随扰动量绝对值的增加而增加;在扰动量幅度较大时随正扰动量的增加而减少,负扰动量绝对值的增加而增加。     

带有微弱章动的圆球在粗糙水平面上的运动

对于圆球在粗糙水平面上的运动,在文[1]中,作者忽略了章动,得到了近似解析解。本文在此基础上给出了有章动情况下的控制方程。通过求解这些方程,证明文[1]关于接触点速度的结论在有章动时仍然正确。还得到其它一些有趣的结果,例如:球心和接触点的速度与球的自转角速度和章动角速度有一定联系;球心和接触点的速度的方向具有不变性。在进一步假设微弱章动的情况下,文中得到近似解析解,从而证明文[1]结果的正确性。     

霍尼韦尔：人民币结算易与难

霍尼韦尔国际公司（简称霍尼韦尔）有三大主要业务：航空、自动化的交通工具、自动化控制的解决方式以及高性能材料和技术,每项业务各占公司总体的1/3。霍尼韦尔15%收入在美国之外产生。霍尼韦尔至今已有10亿投资进入中国。和以往政策有所转变的是“东部向西方”,即在中国生产但销售在西方。积极参与霍尼韦尔是把权力下放的公司,在中国有70个办公室,每一个都会和其他公司做协商。     

兰海：ABM实战要点

作业成本管理深化和丰富了传统意义上成本管理的内涵和方法。从中化集团在石油仓储企业的探索和实践看,它在同类企业中有很大复制价值,那么,企业在开发和实施过程中应该注意些什么？中化石油有限公司副总经理兰海是中化油储ABM创意和执行团队的领导者,在接受本刊记者采访时指出,这种方法是精益思想的具体操作方法,如果企业要想做的话,一定要把方案设计“精益”,而且要先易后难,先试点再推广应用。同时,要注意以下几个要点：     

Robertson-Stiff流体在偏心环空中的流动

石油钻井和完井过程中,经常出现泥浆、水泥浆和完井液在偏心环空中的流动。Robertson-Stif流体在描述这些流体的流变性时有很高的精度。文中根据Robertson-Stif流体的流变方程和偏心环空环隙间距的几何关系,利用相似原理,求解了该流体在偏心环形空间中作层流轴向流动时适于工程应用的二元速度分布,以及平均流速、流量和压降的表达式。研究表明:液体在偏心环形空间流动时与在同心环空中流动的最大差异,在于流经偏心环空不同间隙处流速的较大差异。文中还把Robertson-Stif流体的计算结果与采用宾汉模式和幂律模式的计算结果进行了对比。     

Efficient Algorithms for Variants of Weighted Matching and Assignment Problems

Obtaining a matching in a graph satisfying a certain objective is an important class of graph problems. Matching algorithms have received attention for several decades. However, while there are efficient algorithms to obtain a maximum weight matching, not much is known about the maximum weight maximum cardinality, and maximum cardinality maximum weight matching problems for general graphs. Our contribution in this work is to show that for bounded weight input graphs one can obtain an algorithm for both maximum weight maximum cardinality (for real weights), and maximum cardinality maximum weight matching (for integer weights) by modifying the input and running the existing maximum weight matching algorithm. Also, given the current state of the art in maximum weight matching algorithms, we show that, for bounded weight input graphs, both maximum weight maximum cardinality, and maximum cardinality maximum weight matching have algorithms of similar complexities to that of maximum weight matching. Subsequently, we also obtain approximation algorithms for maximum weight maximum cardinality, and maximum cardinality maximum weight matching.      

A setpoint based dieting model

A mathematic model of weight loss during under eating is proposed in the form of a simple energy balance ODE. The model accounts for the body's changing energy requirement per pound as weight is lost around an individual weight setpoint of stable equilibrium and is compared to a constant energy per pound model. The energy requirement per pound of body mass is formed from a linear fit from the equilibrium value to a constructed minimum (starvation) level. The resulting ODE is nonlinear in weight but has an analytical solution. Analysis is conducted in normalized (dimensionless) parameters for universal comparison. The model predicts weight loss as a function of time, the new caloric requirements for maintenance at the reduced weight and that these parameters are dependent on the Fat Free Mass Ratio (FFMR) existing at the setpoint weight.     

基于SMAA和公共权重的决策单元效率评价与排序

在数据包络分析(DEA)中,公共权重模型是决策单元效率评价与排序的常用方法之一。与传统DEA模型相比,公共权重模型用一组公共的投入产出权重评价所有决策单元,评价结果往往更具有区分度且更为客观。本文考虑决策单元对排序位置的满意程度,提出了基于最大化最小满意度和最大化平均满意度两类新的公共权重模型。首先,基于随机多准则可接受度分析(SMAA)方法,计算出每个决策单元处于各个排名位置的可接受度;然后,通过逆权重空间分析,分别求得使最小满意度和平均满意度最大化的一组公共权重;最后,利用所求的公共权重,计算各决策单元的效率值及相应的排序。算例分析验证了本文提出的基于SMAA的公共权重模型用于决策单元效率评价与排序的可行性。     

Novel inertia weight strategies for particle swarm optimization

The performance of PSO algorithm depends greatly on the appropriate parameter selection strategies for fine tuning its parameters. This paper proposes three new nonlinear strategies for selecting inertia weight which plays a significant role in particle’s foraging behaviour. The PSO variants implying these strategies are named as: fine grained inertia weight PSO (FGIWPSO); Double Exponential Self Adaptive IWPSO (DESIWPSO) and Double Exponential Dynamic IWPSO (DEDIWPSO). In FGIWPSO, inertia weight is obtained adaptively, depending on particle’s iteration wise performance and decreases exponentially. DESIWPSO and DEDIWPSO employ Gompertz function, a double exponential function for selecting inertia weight. In DESIWPSO the particles’ iteration wise performance is fed as input to the Gompertz function. On the other hand DEDIWPSO evaluates the inertia weight for whole swarm iteratively using Gompertz function where relative iteration is fed as input. The efficacy and efficiency of proposed approaches is validated on a suite of benchmark functions. The proposed variants are compared with non linear inertia weight and exponential inertia weight strategies. Experimental results assert that the proposed modifications help in improving PSO performance in terms of solution quality as well as convergence rate.     

复流形上具有非光滑边界的强拟凸域上带权因子的Koppelman-Leray公式

利用权因子,我们得到了复流形上边界不必光滑的强拟凸域上（狆,狇）微分形式的带权因子的Ｋｏｐｐｅｌｍａｎ Ｌｅｒａｙ公式及其 方程的带权因子的解,其特点是不含有边界积分,从而避免了边界积分的复杂估计．其次,引进了权因子,带权因子的积分公式在应用上具有更大的灵活性．     

Lower bounds for codes correcting moderate-density bursts of fixed length with Lee weight consideration

Lee weight is more appropriate for some practical situations than Hamming weight as it takes into account magnitude of each digit of the word. In this paper, considering Lee weight, we obtain necessary lower bound over the number of parity checks to correct bursts of length b (fixed) whose weight lies between certain limits. We also obtain Lee weight bound for such type of moderate-density bursts with limited intensity.     

基于SA-GA混合算法的动车组车辆轮重分配优化

针对动车组车辆出厂前存在的轮重偏差问题,建立动车组车辆轮重调节力学模型,利用模拟退火算法(SA)的机制和遗传算法(GA)非均匀变异思想,提出了一种模拟退火遗传(SA-GA)混合算法,并利用该混合算法对车辆轮重调节力学模型进行数值求解,结果显示:轮重偏差降低到1.2％以下,符合GB/T 3317—2006的规定.同时使用...     

The effects of body composition on setpoint based weight loss

The setpoint model of human metabolic adaption to diet-induced weight loss has been introduced and examined considering a constant energy density in the body weight lost. Body composition analysis indicates that the ratio of fat and nonfat lost is constant for an individual but is dependent on the initial percent body fat, producing an energy density varying from individual to individual. In this study, body composition and the setpoint model are used to examine weight loss dynamics. Comparison is made to a Harris-Benedict (HB) based model using a nominal energy density (3500 calories/lb). Conclusions: the weight dynamics for a given reduction in calorie intake are completely determined by the initial percentage of body fat. The HB model is predicted to accurately track the weight loss for the very obese who experience little metabolic adaption and whose energy density is close to the nominal value. However, for subjects with decreased initial body fat percentage, the HB model first underestimates then overestimates the weight loss. The crossover time and the maximum overestimate is dependent on the initial body fat percent and the percent dietary calorie reduction. A characteristic time and an energy density ratio are defined and used to calculate a maximum rate of weight loss for a given calorie reduction.     

A dynamical systems model of intrauterine fetal growth

ABSTRACT

The underlying mechanisms for how maternal perinatal obesity and intrauterine environment influence foetal development are not well understood and thus require further understanding. In this paper, energy balance concepts are used to develop a comprehensive dynamical systems model for foetal growth that illustrates how maternal factors (energy intake and physical activity) influence foetal weight and related components (fat mass, fat-free mass, and placental volume) over time. The model is estimated from intensive measurements of foetal weight and placental volume obtained as part of Healthy Mom Zone (HMZ), a novel intervention for managing gestational weight gain in obese/overweight women. The overall result of the modelling procedure is a parsimonious system of equations that reliably predicts foetal weight gain and birth weight based on a sensible number of assessments. This model can inform clinical care recommendations as well as how adaptive interventions, such as HMZ, can influence foetal growth and birth outcomes.     

连续偏序集及其Smyth幂的几个等权定理

推广连续D om a in的权的概念到连续偏序集上,探讨连续偏序集的权、相应内蕴拓扑的权、定向完备化的权以及Sm yth幂D om a in的权间的关系。得到了几个等权定理:(1)连续偏序集的权与其上Scott拓扑、L aw son拓扑的权相等;(2)连续偏序集的权与其定向完备化的权相等;(3)无穷连续D om a in的权与其Sm yth幂D om a in的权相等;(4)有限D om a in的权小于或等于它的Sm yth幂D om a in的权。