C60与聚苯乙烯活性种的反应

Ｃ_（６０）与聚苯乙烯活性种的反应汪长春，潘宝荣，府寿宽（复旦大学高分子科学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词高分子Ｃ_（６０）衍生物，聚苯乙烯阴离子活性种，Ｃ_（６０）自从Ｃ６０被常规量制备出以后［１］许多Ｃ６０的衍生物也已合成出来。研究发现，Ｃ６０及其?..     

C60Br24的制备及其性质研究

研究了Ｃ６０的溴化，溴化产物Ｃ６０Ｂｒ２４与甲醇的取代反应、Ｃ６０Ｂｒ２４的ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ行为及其热分解机理，讨论了溴化产物、甲氧基衍生物的红外光谱、质谱特征。     

富勒烯功能高分子材料的制备与性能研究

对富勒烯功能高分子材料的制备、表征及其性能研究已成为光前国际上的前沿领域之一。从合成角度考虑,以不同的方法对Ｃ６０进行高分子修饰可得到结构、性质各异的富勒烯高分子衍生物,对于研究如何更好地控制Ｃ６０高分子衍生物的结构,探讨了有Ｃ６０参与的聚合反应的机理以及Ｃ６０在高分子衍生物中的作用无疑是很有帮助的。从应用角度考虑,Ｃ６０引入高分子中必将导致新型聚合物的产生。这些新型聚合物表现出许多独特而极具应用     

C60的LB膜和自组装膜

制作Ｃ６０分子在固体基片上的有序薄膜是研究它们优异物性和付诸于实际应用的必要环节和关键问题之一。ＬＢ技术能够把分子形状呈球形的疏水分子Ｃ６０在空气－水的界面铺展成稳定的漂浮膜，并能沉积成ＬＢ膜。至于用“分子绳索”把Ｃ６０固定在基片上而形成的自组装膜更具有优良的特性。本文综述和评价了纯Ｃ６０、Ｃ６０混合物和Ｃ６０衍生物ＬＢ以及Ｃ６０自组装膜的制备及其结构特征和性质；并对这方面的工作做了一定的展望。     

在相转移剂TABH存在下水溶性C60（OH）n的合成

Ｃ６０具有活泼的化学性质，可以进行氧化还原、亲核、亲电、自由基加成、环加成和共聚等反应。Ｃ６０仅溶于一定非极性和弱极性的有机溶剂，这使得Ｃ６０在生物化学领域的应用受到阻碍，合成具有生物活性的水溶性Ｃ６０衍生物引起了广大研究人员的关注。水溶性Ｃ６０衍生...     

侧基上带有C60基因的聚苯乙烯的表征

用ＵＶ、ＦＴＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＴＧ和ＤＴＡ及ＧＰＣ等方法证明了通过三步反应（氯甲基化，叠氮化，环加成反应）确实将Ｃ６０引入到聚苯乙烯的侧基上，Ｃ６０基本上以单取代的方式存在，并通过ＴＧ和ＤＴＡ方法估算了Ｃ６０在聚苯乙烯Ｃ６０衍生物中的含量。     

分子C_(60)CH_2(C_(2V))气相热力学性质的理论研究

自从富勒烯被发现并能常量制备以来,人们就开始了对Ｃ６０衍生物的研究．Ｃ６０ＣＨ２是Ｃ６０最简单的衍生物之一,Ｃ６０ＣＨ２有２种异构体,根据所属点群的对称性划分一种是属Ｃ２Ｖ群的Ｃ６０ＣＨ２（Ｃ２Ｖ）,另一种是属ＣＳ群的Ｃ６０ＣＨ２（ＣＳ）．文献［１］...     

富勒烯电化学研究

对１９９０年对来富勒烯电化学的文献进行了综述，总结了Ｃ６０、Ｃ７０和Ｃ７８及其衍生物在溶液、固体和薄膜中电还原、电氧化和光电化学的热力学和动力学，讨论了溶剂、支持电解质和温度等影响因素的作用机理，介绿了有关研究中现场和非现场表征测试的结果。     

一种新的稳定的C60衍生物

一种新的稳定的Ｃ_（６０）衍生物德国化学家Ｋ．Ｍｕｌｌｅｎ等人用下述方法合成了一种新的Ｃ（６０）衍生物：这一反应具有选择性，且生成物有很好的稳定性，因此对富勒烯的制备化学很有意义。目前，Ｋ．Ｍｕｌｌｅｎ等人正试图利用这一反应来制备适合聚合的Ｃ（６０）?..     

两种C_（60）－甘氨酸酯衍生物的室温荧光光谱

两种Ｃ_（６０）－甘氨酸酯衍生物的室温荧光光谱周德建，甘良兵，谭海松，骆初平，姚光庆，黄春辉（北京大学稀土材料化学及应用国家重点实验室，北京，１００８７１）关键词Ｃ_（６０）－甘氨酸酯衍生物，浓度猝灭，荧光寿命Ｃ６０在低温或室温及在紫外或可见光的激发下...     

Riboflavin Interactions with Oxygen—A Survey from the Photochemical Perspective

In this short review we provide some insights to the main processes that riboflavin is involved in upon absorption of a photon. We describe riboflavin properties in its interactions with oxygen, comparing them to the properties of some other singlet oxygen sensitizers. Data are provided on riboflavin photosensitizing properties in vivo and in vitro, and its properties as an endogenous singlet oxygen sensitizer are discussed. We additionally report flavin catalytic role in organic synthesis and photochemical reactivity in solutions of riboflavin and some of its derivatives.     

Catalytic Properties of Dendrtic PAMAMSA-Zinc Complexes in the Oxidation of Cyclohexene

Denrdrimer has many special properties different from ordinary polymers [1]. In the last few years, much of the research work concerning this kind of compound focuses on its synthesis and physical properties. As to its catalytic properties, several of the reports have been published [2]. We report here a new 1method of using the well-known dendrimer PAMAM[3] (polyamidoamine, G=1～4) and its modified product as the ligands for the coordination of Zn2+ to obtain some dendritic complexes. When these complexes was employed as the catalysts for the oxidation of cyclohexene, the results afforded us some exciting information     

Graphene quantum dots from chemistry to applications

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been widely studied in recent years due to its unique structure-related properties, such as optical, electrical and optoelectrical properties. GQDs are considered new kind of quantum dots (QDs), as they are chemically and physically stable because of its intrinsic inert carbon property. Furthermore, GQDs are environmentally friendly due to its non-toxic and biologically inert properties, which have attracted worldwide interests from academic and industry. In this review, a number of GQDs preparation methods, such as hydrothermal method, microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, soft-template method, liquid exfoliation method, metal-catalyzed method and electron beam lithography method etc., are summarized. Their structural, morphological, chemical composition, optical, electrical and optoelectrical properties have been characterized and studied. A variety of elemental dopant, such as nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, fluorine and potassium etc., have been doped into GQDs to diversify the functions of the material. The control of its size and shape has been realized by means of preparation parameters, such as synthesis temperature, growth time, source concentration and catalyst etc. As far as energy level engineering is concerned, the elemental doping has shown an introduction of energy level in GQDs which may tune the optical, electrical and optoelectrical properties of the GQDs. The applications of GQDs in biological imaging, optoelectrical detectors, solar cells, light emitting diodes, fluorescent agent, photocatalysis, and lithium ion battery are described. GQD composites, having optimized contents and properties, are also discussed to extend the applications of GQDs. Basic physical and chemical parameters of GQDs are summarized by tables in this review, which will provide readers useful information.     

Mesoporous chromium(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">iii</Emphasis>) oxoterephthalate MIL-101: modification and applications

The synthesis and structure of mesoporous chromium(III) oxoterephthalate MIL-101, examples of its functional properties, and various methods of its modification are considered. The potential uses of mesoporous metal-organic framework structures for applications in various areas are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the fundamental questions of gas sorption, catalytic properties of MIL-101, as well as its potential for the development of proton exchange membranes and application in other areas.     

Characterizing protein activities on the lysozyme and nanodiamond complex prepared for bio applications

Recently, nanodiamond particles have attracted increasing attention as a promising nanomaterial for its biocompatibility, easy functionalization and conjugation with biomolecules, and its superb physical/chemical properties. Nanodiamonds are mainly used as markers for cell imaging, using its fluorescence or Raman signals for detection, and as carriers for drug delivery. For the success of these applications, the biomolecule associated with the nanodiamond has to retain its functionality. In this work, the protein activities of egg white lysozyme adsorbed on nanodiamond particles of different sizes is investigated. The lysozyme nanodiamond complex is used here as a protein model for analyzing its structural conformation changes and, correspondingly, its enzymatic activity after the adsorption. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used for the analysis of the sensitive protein secondary structure. To access the activities of the adsorbed lysozyme, a fluorescence-based assay is used. The process of adsorption is also analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopic measurements in combination with analysis of nanodiamond properties with FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and ζ-potential measurements. It is found that the activity of lysozyme upon adsorption depends on the nanodiamond's size and surface properties, and that the nanodiamond particles can be selected and treated, which do not alter the lysozyme functional properties. Such nanodiamonds can be considered convenient nanoparticles for various bioapplications.     

ePTFE functionalization for medical applications

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a ubiquitous material used in implants and medical devices in general due to its high biocompatibility and inertness; blood vessels, heart, jawbone, nose, eyes, or abdominal wall can benefit from its properties in the case of disease or injury. Its expanded version, ePTFE, is an improved version of PTFE with better mechanical properties, which extend its medical applications. However, ePTFE implants often lack improvement in properties such as antibacterial, antistenosis, or tissue integration properties. Improvements in these properties by several strategies of functionalization for medical purposes are discussed in this review. Covalent and non-covalent bonding are reviewed, including more specifically chemical impregnation, chemical surface modification, autologous vascularization, and cell seeding, which are strategies mainly used for improving the properties of ePTFE and are described in this review.     

Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol with ZrO2 and Mn/ZrO2 sol-gel materials

Because of its semiconductor properties, sol-gel zirconia can be used as a photocatalyst. When zirconia is doped with transition metals, its electronic properties are modified. In this work, sol-gel Mn/ZrO₂ and ZrO₂ materials were tested for photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The powders were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy. The apparent rate constants were calculated assuming pseudo-first order kinetics. The results reveal that ZrO₂ is effective as a photocatalyst; moreover, its photocatalytic properties improve when it is doped with manganese.     

Study on the evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of natural sisal fiber/general polymer composites reinforced with nanoclay

Composite materials, made by replacing traditional materials, are used because of their capability to produce tailor-made, desirable properties such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, and high strength to weight ratio. The need for the development of new materials is essential and growing day by day. The natural sisal/general polymer (GP) reinforced with nanoclay composites has become more attractive due to its high specific strength, light weight, and biodegradability. In this study, sisal–nanoclay composite is developed and its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength are evaluated. The interfacial properties, internal cracks, and internal structure of the fractured surface are evaluated using scanning electron microscope. The thermal disintegration of composites are evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the incorporation of nanoclay in sisal fiber/GP can improve its properties and can be used as a substitute material for glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites.     

石墨烯的功能化及其在储能材料领域中的应用

石墨烯是由sp~2杂化的碳原子紧密堆积成的单原子层二维碳材料,由于其优异的物理和化学性质被视为最有前景的新型材料之一。但由于石墨烯片层之间在范德华力的作用下易发生不可逆团聚,丧失其单层二维纳米片的结构特性,以及石墨烯表面呈现惰性状态,致使其与其他介质的相互作用较弱,难以均匀分散在极性或非极性的溶剂中,因而石墨烯的应用受到限制。对石墨烯进行功能化可以调控其分子结构、电子能级和化学性质,不仅可以有效抑制石墨烯的团聚而且能够改善其在溶剂中的分散性和稳定性,从而实现石墨烯基材料的多元化应用。本文综述了近年来共价键和非共价键功能化石墨烯以及其复合材料在储能领域的研究进展,并对功能化石墨烯的发展前景进行了展望。     

石墨烯及其聚合物复合材料

近些年来,石墨烯以其独特的结构和优异的性质成为备受瞩目的研究前沿和热点。石墨烯作为纳米增强组分,少量添加可以使聚合物的物理性能得到大幅地提高。本文就石墨烯及其在聚合物复合材料的研究进展进行了综述,着重阐述了现已工业化制备石墨烯的氧化还原法,以及石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的制备方法(溶液共混、原位聚合和熔融共混)和性能(电学性能、导热性能、力学性能、热性能以及气体阻隔性能),并指出其待解决的关键技术及工业化前景。