帘幕式CMOS全局曝光成像技术

为了消除面阵CMOS航空相机高速成像时帘幕快门效应对成像质量的影响,分析了CMOS成像原理,开展了基于高速中心式机械快门与面阵CMOS图像传感器协同工作的全局曝光成像模式研究.建立了该成像模式下的航空高分辨率成像系统的信噪比模型与前向像移模型,并基于信噪比模型与前向像移模型论证存在合理的曝光时间参数.设计了体积小、质量轻、电驱动、曝光时间可准确控制的高速中心式机械快门,最短曝光时间可达1/2 000s,快门效率最高达80%.对采用自主研发的国产CMOS图像传感器的航空摄影相机参数进行验证计算,并进行直升机载人带飞拍摄实验.影像结果表明:该成像模式曝光时间参数论证正确,影像无拉伸、扭曲及拖尾现象,相机动态传递函数为0.21(奈奎斯特截止频率处),能够满足实际应用需求.     

机械快门滤光片式多光谱成像仪相对定标方法研究

大面阵滤光片阵列多光谱成像仪采用了全帧转移大面阵探测器,并利用机械快门保证采集数据时不发生拖尾现象,但由于机械快门开合时间的不稳定性,使多光谱成像仪数据出现区域间的亮度不均匀,而且还会造成彩色图像偏色条带。故提出了一种基于目标辐射一致性的相对辐射定标方法,利用图像重叠部分的辐射特性,计算光谱图像的辐射矫正因子,对拼接图像的非均匀性进行矫正。并利用差分评价矫正效果。最后对多光谱相机采集的外场实验数据进行处理和矫正,结果表明,该方法可以很好的矫正单色拼接图像区域间的非均匀性,并可以消除彩色合成图像中的偏色条带;适用于有重叠部分的图像拼接,并且对于拼接误差不敏感。     

全帧型CCD数码相机曝光时间的精确控制

提出一种全帧型CCD数码相机曝光控制方案.在测量机械快门机械延时的基础上,控制CCD触发脉冲TRG和机械快门的控制时序,使得带电子快门的CCD相机,在机械快门的配合下,CCD的感光区都能按各种设计要求的曝光时间精确曝光,从而有效的提高了照片的分辨率.该方法设计简单,不需要额外的硬件电路,可以广泛应用于带机械快门的CCD数码相机曝光时间的精确控制中.     

航空相机镜间快门对像移的影响分析（英文）

为了提高航空遥感相机的摄影分辨率,获得高分辨率的航空图像,除了采用具有高传递函数的光学系统和高质量成像介质外,还要正确控制快门的曝光时间,以保证探测器能够获得合适的像移量。本文基于一种航空测绘相机镜间快门的结构形式及工作原理,以笛卡尔理论为基础,通过坐标变换方法,建立地面目标和影像之间的矩阵关系,从而确定快门曝光时间和像移量的关系,接着,结合相机速高比、像元尺寸等参数,对像移量及像移残差进行分析。根据相机的不同安装方式,以像移残差为1/3像元尺寸为标准,判定成像系统是否加入像移补偿机构,为相机设计提供理论依据。通过静态测试及飞行试验对分析进行验证。试验结果表明,相机分辨力达到36.8 lp/mm,航拍图像良好,满足指标要求。     

八通道并行多光谱成像仪的辐射定标

为了对八通道并行多光谱成像仪进行准确的辐射定标,介绍了多光谱成像仪的工作原理,分析了相机的辐射响应模型,根据八个通道以及窄带滤光片的光谱响应特性及实际应用要求,提出取每个相机的G通道输出作为定标通道。根据不同色温下积分球输出的光谱辐亮度和相机的曝光时间,测量并拟合出相应的八通道相机辐射特性曲线。实验结果表明该方法可以准确地得到被测目标的绝对光谱辐射亮度曲线,满足海洋表面多光谱数据的测量要求。     

数字锁相弹道相机旋转快门相位控制器的优化设计

分析了弹道相机系统的构成,并对弹道相机的最主要部分——旋转快门相位控制器工作原理进行剖析.鉴于闭环锁相控制捕获速度及同步准确对目标的摄取及后续交汇处理准确均有较显著影响,在具体分析弹道相机各种工作状态和控制信号关系的基础上,设计了一种基于数字锁相技术的弹道相机旋转快门相位控制器,并对驱动频率及相位差调整等关键技术难点进行建模分析,论证了该设计方案的可行性及优越性.实验结果表明,采用该设计方案可显著提高相机旋转快门的同步准确,使得相机交汇处理数据具有更好的平滑性和一致性.     

基于滤光片阵列分光的无人机载多光谱相机研制

介绍一款适用于轻小型无人机的多光谱相机。将多个独立的滤光片依次拼接成滤光片阵列在成像探测器前放置由多个滤光片依次排列而成的滤光片阵列,一次曝光得到地物目标分条带区域的分波段图像,通过飞行平台的前向运动获得每个条带区域的多光谱图像。利用平台的前向运动代替了旋转、扫描等机械运动,减轻了相机重量和体积,适用于轻小型无人机平台,由于采用较大的探测器件,能够获得更多的旁向像素数(约4300)和更宽的旁向幅宽。利用研制的多光谱相机,在中国科学院怀来遥感站进行了无人机飞行试验,获取了站区周边的6波段多光谱图像。数据处理结果表明该相机的数据质量能够满足植被指数计算等相关要求。     

新型航空镜间快门对光学传递函数的影响分析

光学传递函数是评价光学系统成像质量的重要指标。基于为数字航空摄影相机设计的一种新型航空镜间快门的工作特性,镜间快门在控制曝光过程中改变了相机光学系统的光瞳形状,意味着点扩展函数的改变,从而改变了光学系统的传递函数。将光学系统视为一个空间频率的滤波器,以傅里叶积分变换和光的标量衍射理论为基础,将孔径光阑的变化过程与光瞳函数建立关系,应用二次傅里叶变换法得到光学传递函数,分析快门在工作周期内对光学传递函数的影响。通过对计算结果与测量结果的对比分析可知,传递函数的最大绝对误差为0.196,最大相对误差为-0.274,有较好的准确度和重复性,并且缩小镜间快门开始和关闭阶段所用时间占整个曝光时间的比例,可以提高系统的综合传递函数,为中心快门的优化设计提供理论依据。     

一种全帧型CCD航空相机像移补偿方法

提出一种全帧型CCD航空相机像移补偿的实现方法.应用全帧型CCD在机械快门不关闭的情况下连续曝光的特点,并根据不同的速高比控制暂停脉冲的个数和宽度,控制了CCD垂直转移的速度,使CCD在曝光的同时进行转移和读出,实现了全帧型CCD航空数码相机航向方向的像移补偿.实验数据表明：该方法能够实现全帧型CCD像移补偿的功能.     

基于探测信号叠加的推扫式压缩多光谱关联成像

针对推扫模式下多光谱关联成像重构图像模糊、信噪比低问题,提出了一种利用探测信号叠加提高重构图像信噪比的多光谱关联成像方案.该方案基于稀疏约束关联成像光谱相机实验系统,通过单次曝光获得一帧探测信号,对前后帧连续探测信号进行错位叠加,计算出系统总探测矩阵,结合标定测量矩阵,采用压缩感知算法得到待测目标物体重构图像.数值模拟和实验结果表明:适当延迟曝光时间可以提高系统重构图像质量;相同曝光时间条件下,利用探测信号错位叠加的推扫10帧重构图像信噪比明显高于单帧多光谱重构图像.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.