云南龙陵黄龙玉的振动光谱及XRD光谱表征

黄龙玉是云南省龙陵县近年发现的新玉石品种,在国内市场热度较高。目前对其矿物组成和光谱特征还未有报道。在常规的宝石学测试基础上,重点采用激光拉曼光谱仪、红外光谱仪和X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)分析方法,对其振动光谱特征和矿物组成进行了细致的研究。结果表明,黄龙玉显示典型的石英质玉石的振动光谱特征,主要红外吸收谱带位于1 162,1 076,800,779,691,530和466 cm-1处,分别属于Si—O—Si非对称伸缩振动、Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动、Si—O—Si弯曲振动。其中在800 cm-1附近谱带有分裂,表明黄龙玉结晶程度较好。拉曼光谱中,归属Si—O—Si弯曲振动的谱带强度较高,主要拉曼散射峰为463和355 cm-1。XRD结果证实,其矿物组成为较纯的石英,红色样品中还含有微量的赤铁矿,是其产生红色的原因。这是首次系统研究黄龙玉的红外光谱、拉曼光谱及XRD谱学特征,为其鉴定、定名及后续的研究提供科学依据。     

高温高压下绿辉石成因研究

在3 GPa,1 200 ℃条件下,分别以碱性玄武岩粉末和等化学计量光谱纯试剂为原料进行高温高压熔融结晶实验,对实验产物进行了电子探针测试和拉曼光谱分析,确定结晶产物为绿辉石,其拉曼谱峰的半高宽较窄且形态尖锐,表明绿辉石晶体中Si—O四面体结构稳定,矿物内部有序度高。结合前人研究成果探讨了绿辉石成因的影响因素及其原始岩浆,结果表明绿辉石的形成可能受母岩成分、体系流体含量和温压条件等多种因素影响。本实验结果为绿辉石和榴辉岩成因学研究提供可能的实验依据。     

莫桑比克摩根石的谱学特征研究

近几年摩根石凭借它独特的色彩悄然兴起。采用常规仪器测试、激光剥蚀等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV)、红外光谱(IR)和拉曼光谱(Raman),对产自莫桑比克的摩根石基本性质、化学成分特征、谱学性质进行了较为详细的分析。紫外-可见光谱获得样品主波长、饱和度、明度等相关颜色参数;成分测试显示样品摩根石中Li,Rb,Cs,Mn等含量较高,计算所得到的晶体化学式为Be_3.2090Al_2.0757Li_0.425Si_5.664O₁₈(Na_0.1420Cs_0.1316);红外光谱显示,摩根石的结构振动区主要在指纹区400～1 200 cm-1,其中900～1 200 cm-1为Si—O—Si环的振动区,550～900 cm-1为Be—O振动区,而450~530 cm-1为Al—O振动区。由于摩根石中的Cs元素的含量较高,而Cs为原子序数较高的元素,其存在可能令Si—O—Si环振动谱峰向低频位移。拉曼光谱显示1 065 cm-1为Si—O非桥氧伸缩面内振动,1 000 cm-1左右为Be—O的非桥氧伸缩面外振动,685 cm-1为Si—O—Si的变形面内振动,400 cm-1为O—Be—O的面外弯曲振动,在390 cm-1处为Al—O的面外变形振动,在320 cm-1处为Al—O的面外弯曲振动。     

Sr3TaGa3Si2O14(STGS)单晶的晶格振动

根据空间群理论,预测了Sr3TaGa3Si2O14(STGS)单晶的振动模式,并分别计算了非极性和极性振动模式的Raman散射强度。测量了STGS晶体的Raman光谱,并对其振动模式进行了指认。实验结果表明STGS晶体具有6个A1对称类特征振动模式:波数为126cm-1的振动峰可指认为SiO4团簇、Sr原子和TaO6团簇间的相对平动;245cm-1的振动峰是SiO4团簇的扭曲振动和Sr—TaO6—Sr伸缩振动耦合的结果;特征峰557和604cm-1分别来源于O—Ta—O和O—Ga—O的伸缩振动;896cm-1谱带对应着两个SiO4四面体的O—Si—O伸缩振动;991cm-1的谱带对应着两个SiO4四面体的Si—O伸缩振动。实验结果和理论计算结果均确证了STGS晶体的层状结构,其弱的各项异性和压电模量归因于十面体结构单元的微弱形变。     

辉石巨晶结构OH的分子光谱结晶学定向初探

利用分子光谱谱带位移、谱带强度、谱带形态等的变化,可以初步对晶体作结晶学定向。普通辉石结构OH红外光谱3组谱带值,垂直c轴方向相对于平行c轴的谱带各不相同：第一组谱带值,3 629～3 633 cm-1谱带红移到3 601～3 616 cm-1;第二组谱带值3 514～3 543 cm-1同样有红移现象;第三组3 460～3 465 cm-1的谱带值相反则有蓝移现象。相对强度上,两个方向上第一组的谱带强度相当;第二组、第三组谱带强度平行方向明显强于垂直方向。形态上则差别不大。拉曼谱垂直方向谱带强度普遍强于平行方向,谱带位置与形态基本不变。结构OH不同结晶方向的谱图性质可以反映一定的地质构造环境。     

1.0～4.4GPa下奥长石拉曼光谱特征的变化

常温、1.0～4.4GPa下,利用激光拉曼光谱研究了奥长石晶体结构随压力的变化。发现,压力为2.9GPa时,517cm-1附近出现新的谱峰,奥长石开始相变。3.4GPa时,源于奥长石结构中M—O伸缩振动的288cm-1拉曼谱峰频移发生突变,517cm-1附近谱峰消失,奥长石由三斜晶系完全相变为单斜晶系(P1-I1)。随压力增加,归属于奥长石四面体结构中Si—O—Si弯曲振动的458及516cm-1谱峰随压力增加有规律地向高频方向偏移,斜率分别是1.667cm-1/GPa和3.560cm-1/GPa,而源于Al—O—Al弯曲振动的480cm-1谱峰与压力没有明显的线性变化关系。卸压过程中,288cm-1拉曼谱峰频移保持不变,458,480及516cm-1谱峰向低频偏移。长石类矿物的相变压力与结构中八元环所含阳离子种类有关。     

宝石级钠沸石的振动光谱表征

国际珠宝交易市场上最近出现了一批价值不菲的无色透明的宝石级钠沸石刻面成品,为提供快速区分其与仿制品材料的依据,文章通过红外光谱和拉曼光谱对三颗钠沸石样品的振动光谱进行了研究。结果表明, 其红外光谱主要表现为：4 000～1 200 cm-1的吸收峰是结构中水导致的吸收;1 200～600 cm-1 的强吸收与TO₄四面体的内部T—O(T为Si或Al)的反对称和对称伸缩振动有关。拉曼光谱散射峰主要分布在300～600和700～1 200 cm-1两个区间。300～360 cm-1处较弱强度的拉曼散射峰是由于结构中水分子所导致。482 cm-1处中等强度的峰归属于硅氧四面体内部由于变形导致的拉曼位移。726 cm-1处的拉曼散射峰归属于Al—O的伸缩振动;974,1 038,1 084 cm-1的三处拉曼散射峰都是Si—O的伸缩振动导致的拉曼位移。     

新疆于田和田玉的谱学特征及产地特征研究

新疆是世界重要和田玉产地之一,其中于田产和田玉又为优质山料的代表。研究对来自新疆于田县哈尼拉克、阿拉玛斯、赛迪库拉木、齐哈库勒四个矿点的48块和田玉样品进行谱学特征及化学成分分析,采用常规宝石学测试、傅里叶红外光谱、激光拉曼光谱以及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱等现代谱学仪器测试。结果表明,新疆于田和田玉样品颜色呈青色、青白色、青黄色、黄白色、灰白色特征,样品呈典型油脂—玻璃光泽,不透明—半透明,为多晶质集合体,折射率在1.61～1.62范围,相对密度范围为2.95～2.99。新疆于田和田玉样品的红外光谱显示了900～1 200和400～760 cm-1范围内透闪石的特征吸收谱带。O—Si—O反伸缩振动、对称伸缩振动显示为位于1 143,1 096,1 040,995和925 cm-1处的峰,Si—O—Si对称伸缩振动显示为位于763和689 cm-1处的峰,而538,512,465和420 cm-1处的峰与Si—O弯曲振动、M—O的晶格振动及OH平动有关。新疆于田和田玉的拉曼光谱符合透闪石谱学特征,其中120,175,220,365和389 cm-1处是晶格振动峰值,670 cm-1峰值代表了闪石类矿物的Si—O—Si伸缩振动,931,1 029和1 060 cm-1是由于Si—O伸缩振动,3 672和3 680 cm-1属于M—OH伸缩振动。新疆于田和田玉的主要成分为MgO,CaO和SiO₂,稀土元素特征显示为δCe值为0.068～3.902,平均值1.064;δEu值为0～8.832,平均值0.343,具有负Eu异常;LREE/HREE为0.010～3.369,平均值0.682。ΣREE值为0.407～18.768,平均值3.138。利用微量元素特征和稀土元素特征可从化学成分方面将新疆于田和田玉与韩国春川、新疆且末、青海三岔河等其他代表性产地的和田玉进行区分。新疆于田和田玉的谱学特征及成分信息丰富了和田玉产地信息数据,为进一步研究提供参考,未来可以根据宝石学特征、谱学特征和稀土元素、微量元素特征提取各产地和田玉的产地信息,结合和田玉成矿地质条件背景,使和田玉产地精细溯源至每个矿点矿脉成为可能。     

在200℃和0.95～7.70GPa下天然斜绿泥石的拉曼光谱特征

在200℃,0.95~7.70 GPa下,利用激光拉曼光谱技术研究了天然斜绿泥石晶体结构随压力的变化。在200℃,斜绿泥石481和786 cm-1谱峰随压力增加有规律地向高频方向偏移,拉曼位移(N,cm-1)与压力(P,GPa)的线性关系分别为:N=11.136P+482.6(R2=0.987 4)和N=5.055P+785.7(R2=0.983 7)。由于四面体层T阳离子与TOT层八面体M阳离子之间产生强烈的排斥作用,使Si—Onb键能增强,导致硅氧四面体层中Si—Onb键伸缩振动的865 cm-1谱峰随压力没有明显的频移。481和786 cm-1谱峰分别对应斜绿泥石晶体结构中M4八面体中M—Obr伸缩振动和Si—Obr—Si伸缩振动,频移说明M—Obr和Si—Obr键长缩短。在实验条件下绿泥石没有发生相变。研究结果说明,在某些冷俯冲带,绿泥石至少在80~90 km深部可能稳定存在,绿泥石脱水及其产生的流体可能是俯冲带地震孕育和发生的重要因素。     

钠钛硅酸盐精细结构及其拉曼活性分子振动的量子化学从头计算研究

本文选取了Na_2O-TiO_2-SiO_2体系不同成分的团簇模型,采用量子化学从头计算方法计算其拉曼振动频率和相对散射活性。本文分析了钛硅酸盐中硅氧四面体([SiO_4])的局域环境变化对特征拉曼振动频率的影响,对硅氧四面体应力指数进行了拓展与修正,研究表明钠钛硅酸盐拉曼光谱高波数区硅氧四面体非桥氧对称伸缩振动频率随相应的硅氧四面体应力指数的增加而增加,并表现出良好的线性相关性。采用拉曼光谱和~(29)Si NMR对Na_2TiSiO_5玻璃进行解谱、定量分析和比较,并认为869 cm~(-1)处的谱峰归属为Q_(1(Si))中非桥氧的对称伸缩振动。     

人乳腺癌组织的显微拉曼光谱研究

研究了人类正常与癌变乳腺组织的显微拉曼光谱特性。与正常乳腺组织相比,癌变组织的核酸骨架磷酸离子vs(PO^-2)特征谱线由1082移到1097cm^-1、强度加强,位于817cm^-1的RNA主链vs(O-P-O)的谱线强度增加;蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅲ两个特征谱带从1657,1273cm^-1分别位移到1662和1264cm^-1,其中1264cm^-1谱线的宽度和强度均增加,某些氨基酸残基的C—O谱线向高波数位移,色氨酸特征峰1368cm^-1在癌变组织中几乎观察不到;脂类特征谱线减少。上述谱线变化表明,癌变组织中核酸的相对含量增加、主链结构发生变化;蛋白质结构同时呈现α-螺旋、无规卷曲、卢．折叠以及β-回折4种构象特征,其分子间的氢键近乎断裂,蛋白质变得松散和无序,色氨酸残基的吲哚环呈现“暴露式”;脂类含量减少。研究表明,显微拉曼光谱可以为乳腺癌变的生化机理研究以及活体诊断提供有力的实验依据。     

四川软玉(透闪石玉)猫眼热相变的Raman光谱研究

利用Raman光谱和X射线粉晶衍射谱（XRD）对四川软玉猫眼热相变的过程和最终产物进行了研究。结果表明：加热至900℃时,软玉猫眼中透闪石完全脱OH基,结构被破坏,出现新物相671cm^-1的特征强单峰。至1000℃时,1014cm^-1谱峰强度显著增强,同时出现573和934cm-1的弱谱峰。至1100℃时,1033cm^-1弱谱峰出现。研究表明热转变的最终产物是一种成分和结构都类似于透辉石的Ca-Mg辉石。这一结果被XRD测试所证实。     

Raman spectroscopic study of the antimonate mineral bottinoite Ni[Sb2(OH)12]·6H2O and in comparison with brandholzite Mg[Sb5+2(OH)12]·6H2O

Raman spectroscopy was used to study the mineral bottinoite and a comparison with the Raman spectra of brandholzite was made. An intense sharp Raman band at 618 cm⁻¹ is attributed to the SbO symmetric stretching mode. The low intensity band at 735 cm⁻¹ is ascribed to the SbO antisymmetric stretching vibration. Low intensity Raman bands were found at 501, 516 and 578 cm⁻¹. Four Raman bands observed at 1045, 1080, 1111 and 1163 cm⁻¹ are assigned to δ SbOH deformation modes. A complex pattern resulting from the overlapping band of the water and hydroxyl units is observed. Raman bands are observed at 3223, 3228, 3368, 3291, 3458 and 3510 cm⁻¹. The first two Raman bands are assigned to water stretching vibrations. The two higher wavenumber Raman bands observed at 3466 and 3552 cm⁻¹ and two infrared bands at 3434 and 3565 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the stretching vibrations of the hydroxyl units. Observed Raman and infrared bands are connected with O H···O hydrogen bonds and their lengths 2.72, 2.79, 2.86, 2.88 and 3.0 Å (Raman) and 2.73, 2.83 and 3.07 Å (infrared). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman characteristics of carbon nitride synthesized by nitrogen-ion-beam-assisted pulsed laser deposition

Raman characteristics of carbon nitride films synthesized by nitrogen-ion-beam-assisted pulsed laser deposition were investigated. In addition to the D (disorder) band and G (graphitic) band commonly observed in carbon nitride films, two Raman bands located at 1080–1100 and 1465–1480 cm^-1 were found from our carbon nitride films. These two bands were well matched with the predicted Raman frequencies for βC₃N₄ and the observed Raman bands reported for carbon nitride films, indicating their relation to carbon-nitrogen stretching vibrations. Furthermore, the relative intensity ratio of the two Raman bands to the D and G bands increased linearly with increasing nitrogen content of the carbon nitride films. Received: 30 October 2000 / Accepted: 5 February 2001 / Published online: 2 October 2001     

经不同pH值不同时间酸处理的DNA溶液拉曼光谱分析

小牛胸腺DNA被配制成pH 3.0,pH 2.0,pH 1.0的酸性溶液,在其进行水合的过程中分别测试了样品经过1,2,12和24 h后的拉曼谱图。实验结果表明,DNA分子内部发生了明显的质子化作用,其拉曼特征频率和强度均发生了不同程度的变化,而且随着不同的pH值和不同时间的酸处理它们的变化程度也不同。在pH 3.0的DNA溶液中仅在1 h处理后的拉曼谱图出现了微弱的A构型DNA的特征峰,溶液中主要以存在B构型为主,并有C构型特征峰的出现且随着水合时间的延长,该峰强增加。在pH 2.0的DNA溶液中仅见B构型和C构型特征峰,随着时间的增加,B型特征峰峰强逐渐减弱且伴随着C型特征峰峰强的增加。在pH 1.0的DNA溶液中B,C构型特征峰基本消失,出现了强度很大的891 cm-1峰以及1 265和1 418 cm-1峰,它们是Z构型的特征峰,891和1 265 cm-1峰随时间的延长峰强增加而1 418 cm-1随时间延长峰强减弱。从pH 3.0开始,随着酸性的增强和时间的延长,DNA溶液质子化程度逐渐加深,直到pH 1.0时其双螺旋结构遭到严重的修饰和发生变化。     

Characterization of carbon nanotube filters and other carbonaceous materials by Raman spectroscopy—II: study on dispersion and disorder parameters

Recently, we have reported on the characterization of various carbonaceous materials including multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filters, which have specific molecular filtering capabilities and good mechanical strength and can be produced in bulk as highly aligned arrays of bundles of CNTs. We have extended our studies using Fourier transform‐Raman spectroscopy with 1064 nm excitation wavelength and a rotating sample holder in the region 1000–2800 cm⁻¹, in addition to 532 and 785 nm, which were used for Raman excitation in our previous study. Raman spectra were analyzed for band positions and line shape with special emphasis on the D‐, G‐ and G′‐ bands. For the single‐walled species, Carbotrap and graphite spectra were also recorded with 488 nm excitation. A dispersion study has been made from the Raman data available with the different excitation wavelengths. Slight band shifts and band broadening could be observed under the two sample conditions, one with the stationary sample and the other with sample rotation. The spectral changes are related to the excessive heating caused in a stationary sample by laser irradiation. Based on our findings in this study combined with our earlier study, we can state that only a careful line shape analysis and study of intensity pattern of the D‐ and G‐Raman bands under well‐defined measurement conditions lends itself as a good measure of degree of alignment in the MWCNT bundles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman spectroscopic study of the antimonate mineral brandholzite Mg[Sb2(OH)12]·6H2O

Raman spectra of brandholzite Mg[Sb₂(OH)₁₂]·6H₂O were studied, complemented with infrared spectra, and related to the structure of the mineral. An intense Raman sharp band at 618 cm⁻¹ is attributed to the SbO symmetric stretching mode. The low‐intensity band at 730 cm⁻¹ is ascribed to the SbO antisymmetric stretching vibration. Low‐intensity Raman bands were found at 503, 526 and 578 cm⁻¹. Corresponding infrared bands were observed at 527, 600, 637, 693, 741 and 788 cm⁻¹. Four Raman bands observed at 1043, 1092, 1160 and 1189 cm⁻¹ and eight infrared bands at 963, 1027, 1055, 1075, 1108, 1128, 1156 and 1196 cm⁻¹ are assigned to δ SbOH deformation modes. A complex pattern resulting from the overlapping band of the water and hydroxyl units is observed. Raman bands are observed at 3240, 3383, 3466, 3483 and 3552 cm⁻¹; infrared bands at 3248, 3434 and 3565 cm⁻¹. The Raman bands at 3240 and 3383 cm⁻¹ and the infrared band at 3248 cm⁻¹ are assigned to water‐stretching vibrations. The two higher wavenumber Raman bands observed at 3466 and 3552 cm⁻¹ and two infrared bands at 3434 and 3565 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the stretching vibrations of the hydroxyl units. Observed Raman and infrared bands in the OH stretching region are associated with O‐H···O hydrogen bonds and their lengths 2.72, 2.79, 2.86, 2.88 and 3.0 Å (Raman) and 2.73, 2.83 and 3.07 Å (infrared). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterization of uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) with Raman spectroscopy

The Raman spectrum of uranium tetrafluoride (UF₄) is unambiguously characterized with multiple Raman excitation laser sources for the first time. Across different laser excitation wavelengths, UF₄ demonstrates 16 distinct Raman bands within the 50–400 cm⁻¹ region. The observed Raman bands are representative of various F–F vibrational modes. UF₄ also shows intense fluorescent bands in the 325–750 nm spectral region. Comparison of the UF₄ spectrum with the ZrF₄ spectrum, its crystalline analog, demonstrates a similar Raman band structure consistent with group theory predictions for expected Raman bands. Additionally, a demonstration of combined scanning electron microscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy microanalytical measurements of UF₄ particulates shows that despite the inherent weak intensity of Raman bands, identification and characterization are possible for micron‐sized particulates with modern instrumentation. The published well‐characterized UF₄ spectrum is extremely relevant to nuclear materials and nuclear safeguard applications. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Synthesis and Raman signature for the formation of CdO/MnO2 (core/shell) nanostructures

In the present report, bare CdO and CdO/MnO₂ core/shell nanostructures of various cores and different shell sizes were synthesized using co‐precipitation method. The phase, size, shape and structural details of the bare CdO and CdO/MnO₂ nanostructures were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy measurements. TEM micrographs confirm the formation of core/shell nanostructures. The presence of CdO (core) and MnO₂ (shell) crystal phases was determined by analyzing the Raman data of bare CdO and CdO/MnO₂ core/shell nanostructures. The Raman spectra of bare CdO nanostructures contain one broad intense convoluted envelop of three bands in the spectral range of 200–500 cm⁻¹ and a weaker band located at ~940 cm⁻¹. The intensity of these two Raman bands is decreased with the increase of shell size and disappeared completely for the shell size 5.3 ± 1 nm. Further, two new Raman bands appeared at ~451 and ~665 cm⁻¹ for the shell size 1.3 ± 0.1 nm. These two Raman bands are assigned to the deformation of Mn–O–Mn and Mn–O stretching modes of MnO₂. The intensity of these two Raman bands is enhanced with the increase of shell size and attains a maximum value for the shell size 5.3 ± 1 nm. The disappearance of characteristics Raman bands of CdO phase and the appearance of characteristics Raman bands corresponding to MnO₂ phase for nanostructures of shell size 5.3 ± 1 nm authenticate the presence of CdO as core and MnO₂ as shell in the core/shell nanostructures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.