纳秒脉冲激光诱导CCD探测器铝层金属液-固相变时间特性研究

从理论仿真计算方面开展了脉冲激光诱导CCD探测器铝层金属温升变化的液-固相变时间特性研究。通过傅里叶热传导方程计算仿真了纳秒激光诱导CCD探测器铝层金属材料的温升曲线,获得了铝层金属材料液-固相变起始时刻和液-固相变时间长度随激光脉冲峰值功率和激光入射角度的变化规律。理论计算结果表明,随着入射激光脉冲峰值功率增加,激光诱导CCD探测器铝层表面的最高温度逐渐升高,铝层材料的液-固相变起始时刻往后延迟,且液-固相变时间长度增加;随激光入射角度的增大,铝层表面的最高温度逐渐降低,液-固相变起始时刻不断前移,而液-固相变时间长度逐渐变短。研究结果表明,激光脉冲峰值功率密度和激光入射角对激光诱导CCD探测器的液-固相变时间特性有重要影响,对揭示纳秒激光诱导CCD探测器的热损伤机制有重要的理论意义。     

New evidences of in situ laser irradiation effects on γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles: a Raman spectroscopic study

The nature of the physical mechanisms responsible for the structural modification of the γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles under laser irradiation has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy. In situ micro‐Raman measurements were carried out on as‐prepared γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles about 4 nm in size as a function of laser power and on annealed γ‐Fe₂O₃ particles. A baseline profile analysis clearly evidenced that the phase transition from maghemite into hematite is caused by local heating due to laser irradiation with an increase of grain size of nanoparticles. This increasing was clearly determined by X‐ray diffraction from 4 nm in nanoparticles up to more than 177 nm beyond 900 °C in a polycrystalline state. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金属材料在中强度激光辐照下的相变速度研究

在找出了使金属材料只发生液化相变的激光功率密度的前提下,借用金属液态与金属固态某些相似的性质,通过类比,给出了金属液化材料对激光的吸收率. 经过分析,指出了直接解析金属相变速度的不可能性. 通过建立金属液态内的能量方程,在质量守恒的前提下,求得了激光辐照金属的相变速度. 通过讨论发现,影响金属相变速度的因素不仅有激光的强度,而且还有激光的圆频率. 关键词：金属材料中强度激光辐照相变速度     

纳秒激光作用下二氧化钒薄膜相变特性

采用脉冲激光沉积法制备了VO2薄膜,应用X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱分析表明样品为多晶薄膜。采用泵浦-探针方法研究了二氧化钒薄膜的相变特性,实验结果表明当激光重复频率为160 Hz时,样品最小相变响应为12 ns,相变恢复时间与激光能量按照自然指数关系变化。仿真结果表明当激光能量一定时,二氧化钒薄膜相变恢复时间与衬底材料的热导率、热扩散系数有关。     

非静水压条件下铁从α到ε结构相变的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法,研究了三轴加载的非静水压力和静水压力对铁从体心立方结构（bcc,α相）到六角密排结构（hcp,ε相）相变压力和磁性的影响,结果发现：在0—18 GPa压力范围内,相对静水压力条件,随着压力的升高,bcc结构的原子磁矩在非静水压力下降低得更快;在非静水压力下,相变更容易发生,相变压力随着非静水压力程度的增加而降低;并且对非静水压力对相变压力影响的物理机理进行了讨论.关键词：相变非静水压力第一性原理铁     

给定压力下纯铁材料的冲击相变与层裂特性研究

采用VISAR测量样品自由面速度剖面和回收样品观测分析联合技术,开展等厚对称碰撞实验,结合文献中的实验结果,研究了冲击加载压力大于纯铁材料冲击相变阈值约2～5 GPa和大于冲击相变阈值约10 GPa两种压力状态下纯铁材料的加卸载历程及各相区的变化,并从应力波相互作用的角度,指出了冲击加载压力略大于纯铁材料相变阈值约2 GPa时,等厚对称碰撞样品反常二次层裂与冲击相变及逆相变的关联机制。     

The Effect of Zinc Oxide and Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles on the Thermal Conductivity of Polypropylene

The thermal conductivity (TC) of compression-moulded polypropylene (PP) and PP filled with 5–15% zinc oxide (ZnO) or calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles, prepared by extrusion, was studied using a thermal conductivity analyzer (TCA). The effect of nanoparticle content and crystallinity on the thermal conductivity was investigated using conventional methods, including SEM, XRD, and DSC. The incorporation of nanoparticles improved the crystallinity and thermal conductivity simultaneously. The experimental TC values of the PP nanocomposites with different level of nanoparticles concentration showed a linear increase with an increase in crystallinity. The TC improvement in PP/ZnO nanocomposite was greater than that of PP/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. This fact can be attributed to the intrinsic, better thermal conductivity of the ZnO nanoparticles. Several models were used for prediction of the TC in the nanocomposites. In the PP/ZnO nanocomposites the TC values correlated well with the values predicted by the Series, Maxwell, Lewis and Nielson, Bruggeman, and De Loor models up to 10 wt%.     

Ca$lt;sub$gt;0.64$lt;/sub$gt;WO$lt;sub$gt;4$lt;/sub$gt;:Eu$lt;sub$gt;0.24$lt;/sub$gt;陶瓷的高温相变机理及其对发光性能的影响

纯的CaWO₄具有优异的耐压、耐热稳定性,化学组成为Ca_0.64WO₄:Eu_0.24的陶瓷也具有CaWO₄结构,但Ca²⁺晶格位置含有12 mol%的肖特基缺陷. 这种缺陷浓度高的CaWO₄ 相是否具有良好的高温稳定性还有待研究. 本文探讨了过度烧结对Ca_0.64WO₄:Eu_0.24陶瓷相结构的影响,揭示了在高温下产生相变的可能原因,并研究了该相变对材料发光性能的影响. 研究表明,当烧结温度超过1100 ℃时,被肖特基缺陷束缚的部分氧离子会解离,造成Ca_0.64WO₄:Eu_0.24陶瓷体相中氧元素含量严重不足,诱发CaWO₄相发生相变,析出单斜晶系的Eu₂WO₆;研究还发现,CaWO₄相的晶面间距在高温相变后会增大;这可能是导致Ca_0.64WO₄:Eu_0.24陶瓷发光强度显著降低的一个重要原因.关键词：相变钨酸钙铕发光     

单轴应变条件下Fe从α到ε结构相变机制的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法,研究了沿［001］方向单轴应变条件下Fe从体心立方结构(bcc,α相)到六角密排结构(hcp,ε相)相变的临界压力、相变路径、相变势垒以及相变过程中原子磁性的变化.结果发现:单轴应变条件下Fe从α到ε结构的相变路径与以前理论计算模拟给出的静水压力条件下的相变路径明显不同;原子磁矩沿着相变路径突然降低,同时伴随着能量和体积的突然变化,是典型的一阶磁性相转变,表明原子磁性的丧失导致了bcc结构不稳定而向hcp结构转变.对单轴应变下吉布斯自由能的计算表明,相变势垒随着单轴应关键词：相变单轴应变第一性原理铁     

高功率二极管激光器相变冷却技术

根据高功率二极管激光器的散热需求,设计了一种储能式相变冷却实验系统,并开展了喷雾相变冷却器和微通道相变冷却器的设计。采用多孔微结构的换热表面,用氨做制冷剂,实现了喷雾相变冷却器表面温度37 ℃时,散热功率密度达到了511 W/cm2。采用节流汽化原理,分别设计了背冷式相变微通道冷却器和薄片型的模块式相变微通道冷却器,背冷式相变微通道冷却器采用氨做制冷剂, 散热功率密度达到了550 W/cm2,采用R124做制冷剂,散热功率密度约270 W/cm2。采用R124做制冷剂,实现了脉冲激光功率3 kW和连续激光功率100 W的相变冷却二极管激光器模块封装。     

在200 GPa冲击压强下铁是否会发生固-固相变？

根据Grneisen物态方程、Hugoniot内能守恒方程和最新发表的铁的热物理参数,计算了-(hcp)铁和液态铁的理论Hugoniot曲线。计算的Hugoniot曲线与最新修正的铁的实验数据[J Appl Phys, 2000, 88: 5496]在总体上符合很好,并且可以细分为两个部分：在约低于200 GPa的压强区,用-铁模型的计算结果与实验结果符合很好;在约高于260 GPa的压强区,用液态铁模型的计算结果与实验数据也符合得比较好;对介于200~260 GPa之间的压强区,则归属于由-铁向液态铁转变的混合相区。这意味着铁的Hugoniot曲线在约200 GPa处出现的微小偏折是由固-液相变引起的,从而否定了Brown [Geophy Res Lett, 2001, 28: 4339]提出的它是一次由-铁向另一个未知结构的某个固相铁的相转变的见解。     

钙原子与离子共振-亚稳跃迁激光的同时振荡

在电极间距为46cm、内径为1.3cm的石英放电管中,通过高频纵向脉冲放电激励,获得波长为0.85μm/0.87μm和5.54μm的钙离子和原子共振-亚稳跃迁激光的同时振荡.最大激光总功率和效率分别达1.1W和0.1%.测量并分析了激光输出特性和各工作参量之间的关系.     

Shock-induced phase transition and spalling characteristic in pure iron and FeMnNi alloy

This paper provides an investigation of the phase transition and spalling characteristic induced during shock loading and unloading in the pure iron and the FeMnNi alloy. The impact for the pure iron is symmetric and with same-thickness for both the flyer and the target plate. It is found that an abnormal multiple spalling happens in the pure iron sample as the pressure exceeds the $\alpha -\varepsilon $ transition threshold of 13 GPa. In the symmetric and same-thickness impact and reverse impact experiments of the FeMnNi alloy, two abnormal tension regions occur when the pressure exceeds the $\alpha -\varepsilon $ transition threshold of 6.3~GPa, and the reverse phase transition $\varepsilon -\alpha $ begins below 4.2~GP. The experimental process is simulated successfully from the non-equilibrium mixture phase and Boettger's model. Such abnormal spalling phenomena are believed to relate to the shocked $\alpha -\varepsilon $ phase transition. The possible reasons for the abnormal multiple spalling, which occurs during the symmetric and same-thickness impact experiments of pure iron and FeMnNi alloy, are discussed.