高能X射线组合透镜聚焦性能的实验结果

高能X射线组合透镜是一种基于折射效应的新型X射线光学元件。报道了这种新型X射线光学元件聚焦性能的最新实验结果。设计的高能X射线组合透镜为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)材料,包括40个相同的、顺序排布的平凹折射单元,折射单元的球面半径为200μm,组合透镜的几何口径约为500μm,长度约为8 mm,焦距约为1.3 m。简要描述了PMMA材料X射线组合透镜的制作技术和制作过程。并给出了X射线组合透镜聚焦性能测试实验系统和实验条件。最后给出8 keV单色X射线辐射下,PMMA材料X射线组合透镜的聚焦性能的测试结果,对实际测试结果进行了分析和讨论,得出结论,焦距等参量与理论计算结果基本吻合。     

基于X射线图像的苹果体积在线快速测算

利用X射线二维图像的每个灰度值的负指数与厚度成正比的关系,在实验参量设置一定的条件下,计算出苹果的衰减系数;建立苹果体积数学预测模型,计算出苹果的体积。实验结果表明,X射线能量衰减与苹果厚度符合指数规律,回归相关系数R2μ=0.9932,衰减系数μ-m=0.0114;完整苹果真实体积与计算体积相关系数R2ν=0.9809,预测相关系数r2=0.9203,因此模型具有良好稳健性和预测性。     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱仪的性能测试方法介绍

介绍澳大利亚国家标准和中国国家计量检定规程中关于波长色散型 X射线荧光光谱仪的性能测试方法 ,并对 SRS34 0 0型 X射线荧光光谱仪进行了性能测试和计量检定。     

抛物面型X射线组合折射透镜聚焦性能的理论与实验研究

结合衍射理论和矩阵光学方法得出抛物面型X射线组合折射透镜的光学性能指标(包括其焦距的严格表达式、薄透镜近似的判定准则、透过率和有效孔径,以及极限聚焦光斑尺寸等).采用X射线深度光刻技术实际制作了PMMA材料抛物面型X射线组合折射透镜并给出了工艺测试结果.最后在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)上,实际构建了基于3种不同结构参数的PMMA材料抛物面型X射线组合折射透镜的微束聚焦实验系统.并实际测试了其聚焦性能,均获得了良好的聚焦效果,给出实测结果并对实测结果进行了分析和讨论.     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定铝土矿中的主成分

采用熔融玻璃片法制样,建立了测定铝矾土中Al2O3、SiO2、Fe2O3、TiO2主次成分的X射线荧光光谱分析方法.以标物之间的互相配制解决了目前铝矾土标准样品不足的问题.采用理论α系数和基本参数法校正基体效应.用于铝矾土中主次成分的快速测定,结果与化学分析法吻合,该方法重现性好、精密度、准确度高.     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定液态涂料中的铅、铬和汞

建立了一种新的用X射线荧光光谱法快速测定液态涂料中的重金属元素铅、铬和汞的测试方法。与原有测试方法相比,不需对液态涂料样品进行预处理。考察了直接上样法和滤纸片法两种不同的制样方法。为减小基体效应,选用不含待测元素的涂料基体,自制参考物质来制作校准曲线,各待测元素在0—400m g/kg范围内,均呈现良好的线性关系。仪器精密度及方法回收率良好。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定氟石中的氟化钙和杂质的含量

本文采用Ｌi２Ｂ４Ｏ７：ＬiＢＯ２＝１２：２２作熔剂制备氟石熔融片,用波长色散Ｘ射线荧光光谱仪测定氟石中的ＣaＦ２、ＳiＯ２、Ｆe２Ｏ３、ＳＯ３、Ｐ２Ｏ５。本法测量 准确度、精密度较好,所得结果与湿法化学分析结果一致。     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定煤灰中的12种成分

采用熔融制样法,用X射线荧光光谱法同时测定煤灰中的常量、少量和微量成分SiO₂,Al₂O₃,Fe₂O₃,CaO,SO₃,TiO₂,K₂O,Na₂O,P₂O₅,Mg_O,MnO,BaO。选用混合熔剂并加入氧化剂的方式降低熔融温度,解决了硫的准确测量问题。同时通过选用土壤等标准样品解决了煤灰成分标准样品不足的问题。应用可变理论α系数及固定α系数法进行基体效应校正,所得结果与化学法的分析结果相符合。     

基于X射线衍射的香兰素快速检测技术研究

婴幼儿非母乳喂养时奶粉是摄取营养的主要制品,“三聚氰胺”、“香兰素”等添加剂安全事件的频频发生,引起全社会的高度关注。如何快速检测并高效识别奶粉中的不良物质,是国内外乳制品安全领域的研究热点,对保障婴幼儿成长健康具有十分重要的现实意义。由于淀粉和香兰素的红外和拉曼光谱均存在大量的吸收峰,基质与添加物的光谱信号重合区域广信噪比低,谱峰重叠干扰严重,仪器越灵敏检测筛选的难度越大。研究基于X射线衍射(XRD)建立了适用于食品添加剂香兰素的无损快速、高灵敏度检测方法,食品乳制品中的淀粉、蛋白质等基质材料在XRD下均不具有复杂的衍射花样,基于XRD的香兰素快速检测方法消除了食品乳制品中各类基质的背景干扰,结合XRD图谱的指纹特性对香兰素的掺杂进行快速鉴别和定性识别检测。结果表明,掺杂香兰素后衍射图谱13.03°出现明显尖锐的衍射峰,峰形好,响应值高,该衍射峰是快速检测香兰素是否存在的特征指纹峰。XRD法快速检测香兰素采用直接进样、精细扫描,在去除基质影响的同时,相对于气相色谱法、电泳法,该方法更加方便、快速,定性确认更准确,结果可靠,适用性强。香兰素晶体衍射峰明显,结构稳定,同时制样简单,极大地...     

A Combined FTIR and Textural Study of the Oxidation of a Bituminous Coal

A FTIR study to detect the chemical modifications involved during the oxidation of a Spanish coal from the Central Asturian Basin (Spain) has been carried out. The coal was oxidized at 473 K for periods of 3, 7, 14 and 42 days, and at 543 K for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 14 days. Results show that at each temperature there was an increase in oxygenated functions (carboxyls, esters, anhydrides, ethers) and a gradual decrease in aliphatic and aromatic structure. There are remarcable differences at the two temperatures. Intermediate states of oxidation, less condensated structures and an appreciable proportion of the aliphatic C-H groups are predominant in coal samples oxidized at 473 K. When oxidation is carried out at 543 K, more oxidized forms, a more marked process of decarboxylation and more condensated structures appear, also aliphatic groups disappears almost totally. Chemical analysis and textural properties of each oxidized coal sample have been carried out, and a correlation between chemical changes detected by FTIR and textural properties has been attempted.     

Structural and optical properties of WO3-ZnO-PbO-B2O3 glasses

Glass samples of compositions 20PbO-80B₂O₃ and xWO₃—(20−x) ZnO-20PbO-60B₂O₃ with x varying from 0% to 10% mole fraction are prepared by the melt quench technique. Decrease in the band gap from 2.86 to 2.16 eV for ZnO-PbO-B₂O₃ glasses with an increase in the WO₃ content has been observed and discussed. The FTIR spectral studies have pointed out the conversion of structural units of BO₃ to BO₄ and WO₄ to WO₆ with the presence of W-O-W vibration of tungsten and incorporation of ZnO₄ structural units of zinc in these glasses. The increase in density from 2.75 to 4.03 gcm⁻³ for ZnO-PbO-B₂O₃ glasses is observed with an increase in WO₃ content. Due to the formation of WO₆, WO₄ and BO₄ units, changes in the atomic structure with WO₃ composition are observed and discussed.     

Role of WO3 in structural and optical properties of WO3-Al2O3-PbO-B2O3 glasses

Glass samples of composition xAl₂O₃-20PbO-(80−x)B₂O₃ and xWO₃-xAl₂O₃-20PbO-(80−2x)B₂O₃ with x varying from 0% to 10% mole fraction are prepared by melt quench technique. The optical band gap decreases (from 3.21 to 2.37 eV) more for WO₃-Al₂O₃-PbO-B₂O₃ glasses with an addition of WO₃ content. The FTIR spectral studies have pointed out the conversion of structural units of BO₃ to BO₄ and WO₄ to WO₆ in these glasses. The increase in density from 4.51 to 5.80 g cm⁻³ for WO₃-Al₂O₃-PbO-B₂O₃ glasses is observed with an increase in WO₃ content. This is observed that the atomic structure changes more with the incorporation of WO₃. This is due to the formation of WO₆, WO₄ and BO₄ units.     

金属塑料的研究进展

金属塑料是我国学者发现和命名的新材料.本文重点阐述金属塑料这类材料是如何发现的以及这类材料的设计思想与规则;总结了从金属塑料材料成分、典型材料的微观结构与物理化学特性等方面的最新研究成果;对于金属塑料类材料的潜在应用前景做了展望与分析.     

La0.8Ca0.2MnO3/SrTiO3薄膜厚度对其结构及磁学性能的影响

采用多种X射线衍射技术和磁电阻测量技术研究了不同厚度的La_0.8Ca_0.2MnO₃/SrTiO₃ (LCMO/STO)薄膜的应变状态及其对磁电阻性能的影响.结果表明,在STO(001)单晶衬底上生长的LCMO薄膜沿［00l］取向生长.LCMO薄膜具有伪立方钙钛矿结构,随着薄膜厚度的增加,面内晶格参数增加,垂直于面内的晶格参数减小,晶格参数a和b相近,略小于c.LC关键词：X射线衍射微结构应变物理性能     

Paraconductivity study in ErBa_2Cu_(3-x)M_xO_(7-δ)(M=Zn,Fe) superconductors

We report here the paraconductivity of ErBa_2Cu_(3-x)M_xO_(7-δ)(M=Zn, Fe) superconductors.The logarithmic plots of excess conductivityσand reduced temperatureCreveal two different exponents corresponding to crossover temperature as a result of shifting the order parameter from 2 to 3.The first exponent in the normal field region is close to1,in which the order parameter dimensionality(OPD)is 2.The second exponent in the critical field region is close to 0.5,in which the OPD is 3.The coherence length,interlayer coupling,interlayer separation and carrier concentration decrease with increasing doping content,and their values for Fe samples are different from those of Zn samples.While anisotropy is increased with increasing doping content,it is generally higher for a Zn sample than that for an Fe sample.We also estimate several physical parameters such as upper critical magnetic fields in the a–b plane and along the c axis(Baband Bc),and critical current density J at 0 K.Although Baband Bcare generally increased with doping content increasing,the value of Babis found to be twice more than that of Bc.A similar behavior is obtained for J(0 K)and its value is higher in the Fe sample than that in the Zn sample.These results are discussed in terms of oxygen deficiency,localization of carriers,and flux pinning,which are produced by doping.     

Dielectric relaxation and ac conductivity behavior of carboxyl functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly (vinyl alcohol) composites

We study the dielectric relaxation and ac conductivity behavior of MWCNT-COOH/Polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films in the temperature (T) range 303–423 K and in the frequency (f) range 0.1 Hz–1 MHz. The dielectric constant increases with an increase in temperature and also with an increase in MWCNT-COOH loading into the polymer matrix, as a result of interfacial polarization. The permittivity data were found to fit well with the modified Cole-Cole equation. Temperature dependent values of the relaxation times, free charge carrier conductivity and space charge carrier conductivity were extracted from the equation. An observed increment in the ac conductivity for the nanocomposites was analysed by a Jonscher power law which suggests that the correlated barrier hopping is the dominant charge transport mechanism for the nanocomposite films. The electric modulus study revealed deviations from ideal Debye-type behavior which are explained by considering a generalized susceptibility function. XRD and DSC results show an increase in the degree of crystallinity.     

Structures,microstructures, physical and chemical properties of different rice grains

Herein, we demonstrated a well-rounded exploration of the universal structures, microstructures and physical properties of different rice grains. We show that these rice grains are nanocrystalline in nature, have the standard pattern of type A rice crystalline, and can be attributed to the hexagonal crystal structure with space group of P6. These rice grains have uneven surfaces, clusters of the granules, or schistose structure. Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen elements are presented in the rice grains. No significant difference is observed in FTIR spectra in these rice grains, indicating the fundamental chemical structures of these rice grains are analogical. Their microstructural and physical properties were investigated in detail. Moreover, chemical properties (e.g. thermal stability) of the rice grains were explored. This research provides an in-depth understanding on the physical and structural properties on the atomic and molecular level, as well as guidance for food and industry applications.