1stΟpt软件在蔗糖水解实验教学中的应用

将1stΟpt软件用于物理化学实验蔗糖水解反应速率常数的测定中,在无需严格记录反应开始时间和测定反应终了旋光度的情况下,通过非线性拟合无需编程及公式变换就可以简单方便准确地得到反应速率常数,避免了传统数据处理方法所带来的人为误差,可以补充和改进物理化学实验的教学。     

简单一级反应数据处理的一个新模型

利用产物和反应物某一物理性质的差别来测定反应速率、确定动力学参数是常用的方法.过氧化氢催化分解、蔗糖水解等典型的物理化学实验都是以物理性质代替浓度进行动力学测定,最后确定反应速率常数的.     

乙酸乙酯皂化反应速率常数的测定实验改进和拓展

本文针对现有物理化学实验教材中的“乙酸乙酯皂化反应速率常数的测定”实验进行改进和拓展。首先,以夹套烧杯为皂化反应池,通过恒温水循环及磁力搅拌确保了实验过程中溶液浓度均匀、温度恒定;其次,取一定体积浓度为0.01 mol·L^-1的氢氧化钠溶液于反应池中待恒温后测定电导率值,记为κ₀,再使用微量取样器取等摩尔数的乙酸乙酯加入到反应器中并同时计时,测定不同时间的电导率值,记为κ_t;第三,通过数据归一化处理消除了电极常数的影响,使物理量意义明确、实验现象直观。改进后的实验步骤减少、数据测量准确性提高,可以测量高温条件下、快速的皂化反应速率常数,在有限的课时内学生可以通过分工协作、共享数据,获得表观活化能及指前因子。     

跳浓弛豫法研究钇与DBC-偶氮氯膦配位反应

推荐一个用跳浓弛豫法测定钇与DBC 偶氮氯膦配位反应的表观速率常数的实验 ,该实验方法和原理简单 ,知识内容丰富 ,可以提高学生学习物理化学的兴趣 ,加深学生对快速反应课堂教学内容的理解和基本概念的掌握     

对电导法测量乙酸乙酯皂化反应速率常数的一点改进

电导法测量乙酸乙酯皂化反应速率常数的实验,是二级反应动力学的一个较经典实验。目前高等学校物理化学实验教材中均有介绍。但在数据处理中都用到当时间 t→∽时的电导率 L(?)数据。一般采用二种方法进行测量L(?):一是让反应达到平衡后测定其电导率(一     

开发一个简易可行的化学动力学实验

介绍如何用实验探究亚硝酸钠和氯化铵在弱酸催化条件下的化学反应级数、反应速率常数、活化能等化学动力学参数,并讨论了该反应作为普通化学和物理化学动力学教学实验的操作条件。     

旋光度法测定蔗糖转化反应速率常数实验用旋光管的改进

用旋光度法测定蔗糖转化反应速率常数是最基本的物理化学实验之一。该实验中的旋光管操作比较麻烦,且易引入实验误差。本文对该实验使用的旋光管进行了改进。     

蔗糖水解实验数据处理方法的改进

应用Origin数据处理软件,对蔗糖水解反应实验数据的处理提出了一种新方法,在简化实验条件下,无需测反应终了时刻的旋光度,可以快速方便地实现α0,α∞和速率常数k三参数的非线性拟合,提高了实验结果的准确度.     

一个与化学反应速率常数有关的问题

对物理化学教科书和教学参考书中较为普遍存在的一个有关化学反应速率常数的问题进行了讨论。指出必须对反应的速率常数k与某反应物的消耗速率常数（或某产物的生成速率常数）后。加以严格区分,二者之间的关系是：ki=｜vi｜·k。     

生物传感器法测定蔗糖转化反应的速率常数——经典动力学实验的综合性设计示例

根据蔗糖转化反应的特点,引入纳米电化学生物传感器测定蔗糖转化反应的速率常数,把旋光法测定蔗糖转化反应的速率常数这一经典动力学实验与当前的科研热点相结合,改造为一个综合性探索实验。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.