用DIS探究甲烷与氯气反应情况

借助DIS探究甲烷与氯气反应的类型以及外界条件对反应的影响。通过比较实验研究数据表明:甲烷与氯气发生了取代反应,光照有利于甲烷取代反应的进行。     

甲烷与氯气取代反应实验的创新设计*

基于甲烷氯代反应的机理,对物质体系、反应容器、光照条件、实验表征等进行分析,创新设计甲烷氯代反应实验,利用数字化实验的压强和温度传感器采集的实验数据为支持,更直观地多重表征甲烷与氯气发生的“取代”过程,对于成功实现甲烷氯代反应实验具有指导意义。     

甲烷与氯气取代反应实验装置的改进及反应条件的探究

针对甲烷与氯气取代反应实验的困难和不足,改进了实验装置,并就如何控制反应所需的光照、温度等条件进行了一些实验探究,指出了合理的实验方法.同时解释了实验过程中的2个特殊现象.     

基于绿色化学的甲烷与氯气取代反应装置优化设计

针对传统甲烷与氯气取代反应实验装置存在环境不友好、实验装置较大、过于分散、反应难以定量化等缺陷,从绿色化学角度出发,对传统甲烷与氯气取代反应装置进行优化设计,实现了该实验过程的绿色化,实验装置的微型化、综合化和反应的可控化、定量化。     

甲烷与氯气反应必须具备光照条件的验证

现行高级中学课本《化学》(人教版)安排了甲烷与氯气的取代反应,并作了说明。但学生对该反应的条件“光照”缺乏理解,在书写化学方程式时常常把条件漏掉。     

在塑料袋里进行甲烷氯代反应

高中化学乙种本下册第137页有甲烷和氯气在光照下发生取代反应的演示实验,并讲明一氯甲烷等四种取代物在常温下后三种都是液体。按课本上的做法很难得到液态卤代物。我把这个反应移到塑料袋里进行,效果特别好。现把实验操作步骤简介如下:一、分别收集一塑料袋的甲烷和一塑料袋氯气,用玻管和胶管把它们连结起来,装置如下图。     

谈甲烷与氯气反应的教学误区

通过对有机化合物和取代反应概念的建构分析, 表明甲烷与氯气反应在有机化学教学中有重要的地位。通过理论和实验手段, 对日常教学中存在的一些见解, 如反应条件(光源的选择)、反应产物种类数、产物的验证方法、反应物的比例、实验危险性等进行了剖析, 并提出了甲烷与氯气反应的实验方案。根据教学误区产生的原因, 提出了减少和消除教学误区的努力方向。     

甲烷氯代反应条件的系统化探究与教学实施策略的优化

甲烷氯代反应是高中化学教学中成功率较低的实验。系统探索了温度、光照条件、反应物比例对该反应过程和结果的影响,研究发现,阳光或高压汞灯照射是反应快速进行的必要条件,温度在25 ℃以上能加快反应进行,甲烷与氯气体积比为1:3能提高氯代反应的程度。在进行甲烷氯代反应的实验教学中,应基于以上该反应条件的探究结果制定符合具体情况要求的优化实施策略。     

氯气的制取与性质实验绿色化设计

针对氯气有毒及其与金属反应易于泄露等实验不足,设计了氯气制取、氯气与金属反应和氯水成分探究的全封闭实验。其中,氯气与金属的反应采用原位电加热的方式,加热速度快,金属在氯气中的燃烧现象明显,且能快速识别产物,有效地消除了因加热带来的氯气泄露问题;氯水成分的探究是通过青霉素瓶在封闭条件下进行的。整个实验仪器常规,装置简单,药品用量少,操作容易,现象明显,安全无污染,非常适合课堂演示。     

氯气与水反应实验改进

现行高级中学化学课本（必修、第一册通过实验〔1一6〕介绍氯水光照分解,验证氯气可与水反应,生成盐酸和次氯酸;次氯酸光照可分解生成盐酸和氧气。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.