Two-dimensional NQR spectroscopy of forbidden transitions

Two-dimensional NQR spectroscopy has been realized experimentally for a direct method of detecting and recording forbidden transitions. The cross peaks of the two-dimensional spectra were used to assign the lines in the complex spectra.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 73–75, August, 1991.     

Excitonic transitions at forbidden interband edge

Theoretical estimates of the oscillator strengths of optical transitions to s- and p-excitonic levels at a forbidden interband edge are examined critically. Specific example of Cu₂O, is discussed as an illustration. New theoretical estimates based on a k·p analysis are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

The forbidden transitions for magnesium isoelectronic sequences

Using the full relativistic quantum mechanics(GRASP2),we have calculated systematically the 3p2-3p1 and 3p1 -3p0 magnetic dipold m1 energy level scparations,transition probabilities and cscillator strengths in the 3s3p configuration of the magnesium seque     

Internal bremsstrahlung by 1st forbidden beta transitions

The spectrum shapes and circular polarization degree for the allowed and 1st forbidden internal bremsstrahlung (IBS) are investigated. Differences between the allowed and forbidden IBS are discussed. It is shown that the spectrum shapes and circular polarisation degree depend substantially on the beta-transition energyE ₀.     

Holographic recording on the basis of forbidden singlet-triplet electronic transitions

The possibility of recording holograms in thick layers of a photopolymeric material on the basis of a forbidden singlet-triplet transition of a sensitizing dye, erythrosine, is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. A single hologram and 16 superimposed holograms are recorded with a low-power He-Ne laser (632 nm) at high concentrations of the sensitizing dye and high optical densities in the range of its main absorption. The diffraction efficiency of the single hologram is ～50%. The dependence of the increase in the diffraction efficiency of a transmission grating in samples of photopolymeric material on the intensity of incident radiation of a Kr⁺ laser (647 nm) is studied. The observed linear dependence of the maximal rate of increase in the diffraction efficiency in the photopolymer on the incident light intensity is explained by the manifestation of a two-step excitation of the dye (T ₁←S ₀, T ₂←T ₁) in the samples studied.     

Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms

The characteristics of laser cooling and trapping of Li, Ne, Ar, Kr, Ca, and Sr are described. The effect of the hyperfine structure, level multiplicity and population leakage on the trapping efficiency are discussed.     

Laser cooling and trapping of ytterbium atoms

The experiments on the laser cooling and trapping of ytterbium atoms are reported, including the two-dimensional transversal cooling, longitudinal velocity Zeeman deceleration, and a magneto-optical trap with a broadband transition at a wavelength of 399 nm. The magnetic field distributions along the axis of a Zeeman slower were measured and in a good agreement with the calculated results. Cold ytterbium atoms were produced with a number of about 10⁷ and a temperature of a few milli-Kelvin. In addition, using a 556-nm laser, the excitations of cold ytterbium atoms at ¹S₀-³P₁ transition were observed. The ytterbium atoms will be further cooled in a 556-nm magneto-optical trap and loaded into a three-dimensional optical lattice to make an ytterbium optical clock.      

极性分子的激光冷却及囚禁技术

分子由于其不同于原子的特殊性质,在原子、分子和光物理研究中有其独特的地位.冷分子研究已经开展了二三十年,取得了很多重大的进展.但是以斯塔克减速器为代表的传统冷却方案遇到瓶颈,很难进一步提高分子的相空间密度.将原子中成熟的激光冷却技术拓展到极性分子中是本领域近年来的重大突破,使得冷却和囚禁分子的范围得以大大扩展,分子的相空间密度也得以提高.本文对国内外激光冷却极性分子的最新成果进行综述,并以BaF分子为例介绍激光冷却极性分子的相关理论和技术,包括分子能级结构分析及精密光谱测量,采用缓冲气体冷却进行态制备和预冷却,以及通过冷分子束研究激光与BaF分子间的相互作用.这些为后续开展激光冷却与囚禁实验研究奠定了基础,也为开展其他新的分子冷却实验提供了参考.     

Efficient cooling and trapping of strontium atoms

We report the capture of cold strontium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) at a rate of 4 x 10(10) atoms/s. The MOT is loaded from an atomic beam decelerated by a Zeeman slower operating with a focused laser beam. The 461-nm laser, used for both cooling and trapping, was generated by sum-frequency mixing in a KTP crystal with diode lasers at 813 nm and a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. As much as 115 mW of blue light was obtained.     

Laser cooling and magnetic trapping at several tesla

Laser cooling and magnetic trapping of (85)Rb atoms have been performed in extremely strong and tunable magnetic fields, extending these techniques to a new regime and setting the stage for a variety of cold atom and plasma experiments. Using a superconducting Ioffe-Pritchard trap and an optical molasses, 2.4 x 10(7) atoms were laser cooled to the Doppler limit and magnetically trapped at bias fields up to 2.9 T. At magnetic fields up to 6 T, 3 x 10(6) cold atoms were laser cooled in a pulsed loading scheme. These bias fields are well beyond an order of magnitude larger than those in previous experiments. Loading rates, molasses lifetimes, magnetic-trapping times, and temperatures were measured using photoionization and electron detection.     

Parity violation effects in hydrogen atom in forbidden magnetic-dipole transitions

General expressions for the probability of all strongly forbidden magnetic-dipole transitions between states njl and n′jl in the hydrogen atom and light hydrogen-like ions are derived in the lowest order in the parameter (αZ) in the form W _n′jl;njl ^(Ml) = D _n′n ^lj αm _e (αZ)¹⁰ (in relativistic units), where m _e is the electron mass, α is the fine-structure constant, Z is the nuclear charge, and the constants D _n′n ^lj are presented in an analytical form. Using these expressions, the dependence of the degree of parity violation on the principal quantum numbers n and n′ of the lower and upper states in the ns _1/2-n′s _1/2 and np _1/2-n′p _1/2 M1 transitions is systematically analyzed. The results obtained can be used in designing experiments on parity violation in the hydrogen atom.     

Spin-allowed and forbidden rotational intensities in doublet-doublet transitions in asymmetric top molecules

Spin-orbit coupling allows anomalous transitions in spectra involving states of the same degenerate multiplicity, due to the relaxation of the spin selection rule ΔΣ = 0. This effect is discussed for doublet-doublet transitions in asymmetric top molecules. All the nonvanishing and independent transition moments, including those responsible for the anomalous transitions, are determined by symmetry and time reversal arguments. Rotational intensities are given for transitions between case (b) near-symmetric top eigenstates.     

β-衰变中容许跃迁和禁戒跃迁的衰变规律

在考虑容许跃迁和禁戒跃迁的基础上, 对远离β稳定线附近原子核的β^-衰变寿命进行了系统的研究, 发现对于远离β稳定线的原子核的β^-衰变寿命, 其容许跃迁和禁戒跃迁寿命(T_1/2)与母核的质子数和中子数之间存在指数规律. 利用这个规律, 计算了β^-衰变中的容许跃迁和禁戒跃迁(包括一级禁戒跃迁和二级禁戒跃迁)的衰变寿命, 理论计算结果与实验值符合得很好. 在此基础上, 对于一些核素的β^-衰变寿命进行预言, 这对于核物理和天体物理中β^-衰变研究具有重要意义.     

Excitation of optically forbidden transitions in argon and neon by electron impact

A radial electron monochromator and analyser system employing several new features has been used to study low energy differential inelastic electron scattering by ground state argon and neon atoms. Angular distributions for a number of optically inaccessible states are reported at energies between 30 and 100 eV and over a range of scattering angles from 0–90°. In particular, results are shown for the metastable states (³P₂, ³P₀) of argon as well as for various J levels in the parity forbidden bands (ns²np⁶ → ns²np⁵(n + 1)p) for argon and neon.     

Probabilities of forbidden magnetic-dipole transitions in the hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like ions

Explicit formulasfor strongly forbidden magnetic-dipole transitiions between states njl and n′jl in the hydrogen atom and light hydrogen-like ions are derived. The expressions for transition probabilities are presented in the form W _{n′jl; njl} ^(M1) = D _n′n ^lj αm _e (αZ)¹⁰ (in relativistic units), where m _e is the electron mass, α is the fine-structure constant, and Z is the nuclear charge; the constants D _n′n ^lj are presented in an analytical form. Before now, only the D ₂₁ ^01/2 coefficient corresponding to the 1s _1/2–2s _1/2 transition was known in explicit form. The results obtained can be used in designing an experiment on parity violation in the hydrogen atom.     

Three dimensional cooling and trapping with a narrow line

The intercombination line of strontium at 689 nm is successfully used in laser cooling to reach the photon recoil limit with Doppler cooling in a magneto-optical traps (MOT). In this paper, we present a systematic study of the loading efficiency of such a MOT. Comparing the experimental results to a simple model allows us to discuss the actual limitation of our apparatus. We also study in detail the final MOT regime emphasizing the role of gravity on the position, size and temperature along the vertical and horizontal directions. At large laser detuning, one finds an unusual situation where cooling and trapping occur in the presence of a high bias magnetic field.     

Band strengths in forbidden transitions: The Cameron bands of CO

The band strengths of the Cameron system of CO, a³Π → X¹Σ, have been measured. The data yield an electronic oscillator strength of 1.7 × 10^-4 ± 10 per cent. The radiative lifetime depends on the rotational quantum number and estimates are made of these from published line strength formulae.