Spatial pattern formation of a ratio-dependent predator-prey model

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of evolutionary process that involves organisms distribution and their interaction of spatially distributed population with diffusion in a Holling-III ratio-dependent predator-prey model, the sufficient conditions for diffusion-driven instability with Neumann boundary conditions are obtained. Furthermore, it presents novel numerical evidence of time evolution of patterns controlled by diffusion in the model, and finds that the model dynamics exhibits complex pattern replication, and the pattern formation depends on the choice of the initial conditions. The ideas in this paper may provide a better understanding of the pattern formation in ecosystems.     

A population-level model from the microscopic dynamics in Escherichia coli chemotaxis via Langevin approximation

Recent extensive studies of Escherichia coli (E. coli) chemotaxis have achieved a deep understanding of its mi- croscopic control dynamics. As a result, various quantitatively predictive models have been developed to describe the chemotactic behavior of E. coli motion. However, a population-level partial differential equation (PDE) that rationally incorporates such microscopic dynamics is still insufficient. Apart from the traditional Keller-Segel (K-S) equation, many existing population-level models developed from the microscopic dynamics are integro-PDEs. The difficulty comes mainly from cell tumbles which yield a velocity jumping process. Here, we propose a Langevin approximation method that avoids such a difficulty without appreciable loss of precision. The resulting model not only quantitatively repro- duces the results of pathway-based single-cell simulators, but also provides new inside information on the mechanism of E. coli chemotaxis. Our study demonstrates a possible alternative in establishing a simple population-level model that allows for the complex microscopic mechanisms in bacterial chemotaxis.     

一类新的混沌神经放电的动力学特征的实验和数学模型研究

神经元电活动理论模型Hindmarsh-Rose(HR)模型提示有位于周期1和周期2放电模式之间的一类特殊的混沌放电,但长期以来对其没有获得足够认识.依据回归映射的确定性结构和非线性预报的短期可预报性,确认了在大鼠的实验性神经起步点的实验中发现的位于周期1和周期2放电模式之间的非周期放电是混沌放电模式,还将该混沌放电模式区分为3个不同表观样式.其中1个表观形式与HR模型的仿真结果相类似,验证了HR模型的理论预期;其余2个样式与仿真结果并不相似.进一步揭示了3个表观样式的动力学特征以及相互之间的区别与联系,并与位于周期2和周期3节律之间、周期3和周期4节律之间的混沌比较了异同,也区别了从周期1到混沌再到周期2放电模式的节律转迁历程与其他的从周期1到周期2节律的分岔过程的不同.研究结果确认了该类特殊混沌节律和相应分岔过程的新特征,丰富了混沌放电节律和节律分岔序列的种类.还对仿真该混沌的多样性和非光滑特性,以及揭示该类混沌的产生途径等进行了讨论. 关键词： 混沌 神经放电模式 分岔 节律     

Application of shell model in molecular dynamics simulation to MgO

The P－V－T equation of state of MgO has been simulated under high pressure and elevated temperature using the molecular dynamics (MD) method with the breathing shell model (BSM). It is found that the MD simulation with BSM is very successful in reproducing accurately the measured molar volumes of MgO over a wide range of temperature and pressure. In addition, the MD simulation reproduces accurately the measured volume compression data of MgO up to 100GPa at 300K. It is demonstrated that the MD simulated P－V－T equation of state of MgO could be applied as a useful internal pressure calibration standard at elevated temperatures and high pressures.     

Beyond modified mean field: a case for a stochastic grain growth model

ABSTRACT

We address the basic mechanism of grain growth in two and three dimensions in single phase metallic systems. It is argued, a comprehensive grain growth model is best based on a stochastic process described by a Fokker Planck equation. This concept is sufficient to determine almost all features of grain growth in general terms. The existence of the von Neumann law and its counterpart in three dimensions enables us to provide an explicit form of the Fokker Planck equation and thus determine many features of grain growth in great detail. Finally, we illustrate this model by determining the salient features of grain growth in three dimensions in the long time limit, and comparing them with experimental and computational results.     

Plasticity-induced characteristic changes of pattern dynamics and the related phase transitions in small-world neuronal networks

Phase transitions widely exist in nature and occur when some control parameters are changed. In neural systems, their macroscopic states are represented by the activity states of neuron populations, and phase transitions between different activity states are closely related to corresponding functions in the brain. In particular, phase transitions to some rhythmic synchronous firing states play significant roles on diverse brain functions and disfunctions, such as encoding rhythmical external stimuli, epileptic seizure, etc. However, in previous studies, phase transitions in neuronal networks are almost driven by network parameters （e.g., external stimuli）, and there has been no investigation about the transitions between typical activity states of neuronal networks in a self-organized way by applying plastic connection weights. In this paper, we discuss phase transitions in electrically coupled and lattice-based small-world neuronal networks （LBSW networks） under spike-timing-dependent plasticity （STDP）. By applying STDP on all electrical synapses, various known and novel phase transitions could emerge in LBSW networks, particularly, the phenomenon of self-organized phase transitions （SOPTs）： repeated transitions between synchronous and asynchronous firing states. We further explore the mechanics generating SOPTs on the basis of synaptic weight dynamics.     

Discrete solitons in nonlinear Schrödinger lattices with a power-law nonlinearity

We study the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger lattice model with the onsite nonlinearity of the general form, |u|^2σu. We systematically verify the conditions for the existence and stability of discrete solitons in the one-dimensional version of the model predicted by means of the variational approximation (VA), and demonstrate the following: monostability of fundamental solitons (FSs) in the case of the weak nonlinearity, 2σ+1<3.68; bistability, in a finite range of values of the soliton’s power, for 3.68<2σ+1<5; and the presence of a threshold (minimum norm of the FS), for 2σ+1≥5. We also perform systematic numerical simulations to study higher-order solitons in the same general model, i.e., bound states of the FSs. While all in-phase bound states are unstable, stability regions are identified for antisymmetric double solitons and their triple counterparts. These numerical findings are supplemented by an analytical treatment of the stability problem, which allows quantitively accurate predictions for the stability features of such multipulses. When these waveforms are found to be unstable, we show, by means of direct simulations, that they self-trap into a persistent lattice breather, or relax into a stable FS, or sometimes decay completely.     

Phase ordering dynamics in a gravitational field

We study the dynamics of phase ordering in the presence of an external gravitational field, namely a field that varies linearly with distance in one direction. Starting from microscopic considerations, we motivate reasonable phenomenological models for cases with nonconserved and conserved order parameter. We present detailed numerical results from our model for the case with conserved order parameter.     

A solvable model for localized adsorption in a coulomb system

A model for an interface with localized adsorption is presented, in which the surface has a distribution of sticky adhesive sites in contact with a Coulomb fluid. Contrary to the current literature on the electrical double layer the surface charge is in dynamic equilibrium with the bulk fluid. The sum rules obeyed by the one- and two-body correlation functions are investigated. Explicit results are obtained for a solvable model, the two-dimensional one-component plasma at reduced temperature 2. The effect of the granularity of the adsorbed charge on the adsorption isotherm is discussed.     

Entanglement dynamics of qubits in a common environment

We use the quantum jump approach to study the entanglement dynamics of a quantum register, which is composed of two or three dipole-dipole coupled two-level atoms, interacting with a common environment. Our investigation of entanglement dynamics reflects that the environment has dual actions on the entanglement of the qubits in the model. While the environment destroys the entanglement induced by the coherent dipole-dipole interactions, it can produce stable entanglement between the qubits prepared initially in a separable state. The analysis shows that it is the entangled decoherence-free states contained as components in the initial state that contribute to the stable entanglement. Our study indicates how the environmental noise produces the entanglement and exposes the interplay of environmental noise and coherent interactions of qubits on the entanglement.     

Soliton dynamics in a modified Yakushevich model

We study a modified Yakushevich model with different disc diameters representing different bases and find two new in-phase solitonic solutions. We also discuss here the effect of helical structure which acts as perturbation on soliton centre of mass.     

在均匀强磁场中氢原子塞曼效应久期方程的简化公式

在均匀强磁场中,当氢原子的哈密顿量中B2项不能忽略时,氢原子的库仑场对称性遭到破坏,能级简并被全部解除.在应用变分法和数值法计算氢原子的能级过程中,计算十分复杂,而应用微扰法求解氢原子的能级,存在解久期方程的n2高阶行列式的困难.本文应用简并态微扰理论和球谐函数的性质,得到久期方程中非零微扰矩阵元普遍表达式.根据非零微扰矩阵元普遍表达式的性质,可以将氢原子塞曼效应久期方程的n2高阶行列式分解成1阶到n阶共n个低阶行列式的乘积,得到氢原子塞曼效应久期方程的简化公式,使得求解均匀强磁场中氢原子塞曼效应能级过程简化.而且由该公式可以得到氢原子在低能态时塞曼效应能级的解析解.根据该久期方程的简化公式计算了n=3氢原子塞曼效应一级近似能级.     

Optical solitons in a monomode fiber

We discuss the propagation of optical solitons in a monomode fiber as a model of long-distance-high-bit-rate transmission system. We give several new results which did not appear in our previous papers on this subject, such as (1) a derivation of the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation from the Maxwell equation, (2) on the integrability of the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation, (3) a discussion of the soliton as a stable fixed point of certain infinite-dimensional map generated by a transmission system with periodic excitations.On leave of absence from The Ohio State University, Department of Mathematics, Columbus, Ohio 43210.     

Quantum dynamics in a time-dependent cylindrical trap

Solutions to the Schrödinger equation are examined for a particle inside a cylindrical trap of a circular time-dependent cross-section. Analytical expressions for energy and momentum expectation values are derived with respect to the exact solutions; and the adiabatic and sudden change of the boundary are discussed. The density profile as a function of time in a given observation point, resembles the diffraction-in-time pattern observed in a suddenly released particle but with an enhanced fringe visibility. Numerical computations are presented for both contracting and expanding boxes.     

On the spurious eigenvalues for a concentric sphere in BIEM

In this paper, the null-field integral equation method is employed to study the occurring mechanism of spurious eigenvalues for a concentric sphere. By expanding the fundamental solution into degenerate kernels and expressing the boundary density in terms of spherical harmonics, all boundary integrals can be analytically determined. It is noted that our null-field integral formulation can locate the collocation point on the real boundary thanks to the degenerate kernel. In addition, the spurious eigenvalues are parasitized in the formulations while true eigensolutions are dependent on the boundary condition such as the Dirichlet or Neumann problem. By using the updating term and updating document of singular value decomposition (SVD) technique, true and spurious eigenvalues can be extracted out, respectively. Besides, true and spurious boundary eigenvectors are obtained in the right and left unitary vectors in the SVD structure of the influence matrices. This finding agrees with that of 2D cases.     

The baryonic spectrum in a constituent quark model including a three-body force

We analyze, within a non-relativistic quark model, the low energy part of the baryonic spectrum in the octet and decuplet flavour representations. The relevance of a strong Coulomb potential is emphasized in order to explain its general features. The addition of a three-body force allows to solve the Roper puzzle, giving a consistent explanation to its relative position in the spectrum.This work has been supported by the grants CICYT: AEN-90-0040 and DGICYT: PB88-0064 and Acción Integrada HF-101. We are also grateful to V. Vento for illuminating discussions.     

A moving grid finite element method applied to a model biological pattern generator

Many problems in biology involve growth. In numerical simulations it can therefore be very convenient to employ a moving computational grid on a continuously deforming domain. In this paper we present a novel application of the moving grid finite element method to compute solutions of reaction–diffusion systems in two-dimensional continuously deforming Euclidean domains. A numerical software package has been developed as a result of this research that is capable of solving generalised Turing models for morphogenesis.     

Classical and quantum dynamics of a kicked relativistic particle in a box

We study classical and quantum dynamics of a kicked relativistic particle confined in a one dimensional box. It is found that in classical case for chaotic motion the average kinetic energy grows in time, while for mixed regime the growth is suppressed. However, in case of regular motion energy fluctuates around certain value. Quantum dynamics is treated by solving the time-dependent Dirac equation with delta-kicking potential, whose exact solution is obtained for single kicking period. In quantum case, depending on the values of the kicking parameters, the average kinetic energy can be quasi periodic, or fluctuating around some value. Particle transport is studied by considering spatio-temporal evolution of the Gaussian wave packet and by analyzing the trembling motion.     

Conserved dynamics and interface roughening in spontaneous imbibition: A phase field model

The propagation and roughening of a fluid-gas interface through a disordered medium in the case of capillary driven spontaneous imbibition is considered. The system is described by a conserved (model B) phase-field model, with the structure of the disordered medium appearing as a quenched random field . The flow of liquid into the medium is obtained by imposing a non-equilibrium boundary condition on the chemical potential, which reproduces Washburn's equation for the slowing down motion of the average interface position H. The interface is found to be superrough, with global roughness exponent , indicating anomalous scaling. The spatial extent of the roughness is determined by a length scale arising from the conservation law. The interface advances by avalanche motion, which causes temporal multiscaling and qualitatively reproduces the experimental results of Horv'ath and Stanley (Phys. Rev. E 52, 5166 (1995)) on the temporal scaling of the interface. Received 24 November 1999