A diversity of localized structures in a (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation

The singular manifold method is used to solve a (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV equation. An exact solution containing two arbitrary functions is then obtained. A diversity of localized structures, such as generalized dromions and solitoffs, is exposed by making full use of these arbitrary functions. These localized structures are illustrated by graphs.     

Analytic solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations using the sine-cosine method

In this paper, we establish exact solutions for (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations. The sine-cosine method is used to construct exact periodic and soliton solutions of (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations. Many new families of exact traveling wave solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Boussinesq, breaking soliton and BKP equations are successfully obtained. These solutions may be important of significance for the explanation of some practical physical problems. It is shown that the sine-cosine method provides a powerful mathematical tool for solving a great many nonlinear partial differential equations in mathematical physics.     

Some new fractals behaviors in (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable system

By introducing the extended homogeneous balance approach into the (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable system, a linearized form of this physical model is established in this paper. Subsequently, after applied the Bäcklund transformation in the system, a variable separation solution with the entrance of different arbitrary functions is obtained. Furthermore, by using the Weierstrass, Bessel and Jacobian elliptic functions, some interesting fractal structures are produced.     

Four (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable extensions of the KdV equation: Multiple-soliton and multiple singular soliton solutions

In this work, four (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear completely integrable equations, generated by extending the KdV equation are developed. The necessary condition for the complete integrability of these equation are formally derived. Multiple-soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions are determined to emphasize the compatability of these models. The dispersion relations of these models are characterized by distinct physical structures. The resonance phenomenon for these equations does not exist for any model.     

A generalized extended rational expansion method and its application to (1 + 1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equation

In this Letter, a generalized extended rational expansion method is used to construct exact solutions of the (1 + 1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equation. As a result, many new and more general exact solutions are obtained, the solutions obtained in this Letter include rational triangular periodic wave solutions, rational solitary wave solutions.     

Four (2 + 1)-dimensional integrable extensions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

In this work, four (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear extensions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation are developed. The complete integrability of these models are investigated. Multiple-soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions are determined to demonstrate the compatibility of these models. The resonance phenomenon does not exist for any of the derived models.     

Interactions of solitary waves under the conditions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvilli equation

Using an extended mapping method with a linear variable separation process, a new family of the exact solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvilli (KP) equation was derived. By applying the solitary wave solutions, this paper studied some newly localized excitations and the interactions of various solitary waves under the conditions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional KP equation.     

Exact solitary wave solutions of the generalized (2 + 1) dimensional Boussinesq equation

Bifurcation method of dynamical systems is employed to investigate bifurcation of solitary waves in the generalized (2 + 1) dimensional Boussinesq equation. Numbers of solitary waves are given for each parameter condition. Under some parameter conditions, exact solitary wave solutions are obtained.     

Exact travelling wave solutions for the dissipative (2 + 1)-dimensional AKNS equation

This paper employs the theory of planar dynamical systems and undetermined coefficient method to study travelling wave solutions of the dissipative (2 + 1)-dimensional AKNS equation. By qualitative analysis, global phase portraits of the dynamic system corresponding to the equation are obtained under different parameter conditions. Furthermore, the relations between the properties of travelling wave solutions and the dissipation coefficient r of the equation are investigated. In addition, the possible bell profile solitary wave solution, kink profile solitary wave solutions and approximate damped oscillatory solutions of the equation are obtained by using undetermined coefficient method. Error estimates indicate that the approximate solutions are meaningful. Based on above studies, a main contribution in this paper is to reveal the dissipation effect on travelling wave solutions of the dissipative (2 + 1)-dimensional AKNS equation.     

Wronskian determinant solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation

A set of sufficient conditions consisting of systems of linear partial differential equations is obtained which guarantees that the Wronskian determinant solves the (3 + 1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation in the bilinear form. Upon solving the linear conditions, the resulting Wronskian formulations bring solution formulas, which can yield rational solutions, solitons, negatons, positons and interaction solutions.     

Construction of new exact rational form non-travelling wave solutions to the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Broer-Kaup system

With the aid of symbolic computation Maple, several new families of rational form variable separation solutions with three arbitrary functions to the (2 + 1)-dimensional generalized Broer-Kaup system are derived by using an improved mapping approach and a variable separation approach. These solutions include rational solitary wave solutions, periodic wave solutions and rational wave solutions. The properties of the novel localized excitation are revealed by some figures.     

Finding general and explicit solutions (2 + 1) dimensional Broer-Kaup-Kupershmidt system nonlinear equation by exp-function method

In this work, we implement a relatively new analytical technique, the exp-function method, for solving nonlinear special form of generalized nonlinear (2 + 1) dimensional Broer-Kaup-Kupershmidt equation, which may contain high nonlinear terms. This method can be used as an alternative to obtain analytic and approximate solutions of different types of fractional differential equations which applied in engineering mathematics. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of exp method. It is predicted that exp-function method can be found widely applicable in engineering.     

New exact solutions to the (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation: Extended homoclinic test technique

Exact soliton solutions to the (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation are studied based on the idea of extended homoclinic test and bilinear method. Some explicit solutions, such as triangle function solutions, soliton solutions, doubly-periodic wave solutions and periodic solitary wave solutions, are obtained. It shows that the (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation has richer solutions. Besides, the elastic interactions of the solutions and their corresponding physical meaning are discussed.     

A (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation with multiple soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions

In this work, a (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation is investigated. The Hirota’s bilinear method is applied to determine the necessary conditions for the complete integrability of this equation. Multiple soliton solutions are established to confirm the compatibility structure. Multiple singular soliton solutions are also derived. The resonance phenomenon does not exist for this model.     

Travelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial equations by using the first integral method

In this paper, the first integral method is employed for constructing the new exact travelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. The power of this manageable method is confirmed by applying it for two selected nonlinear partial equations. This approach can also be applied to other systems of nonlinear differential equations.     

Soliton solutions for (2 + 1)-dimensional and (3 + 1)-dimensional K(m, n) equations

We consider the nonlinear dispersive K(m,n) equation with the generalized evolution term and derive analytical expressions for some conserved quantities. By using a solitary wave ansatz in the form of sech^p function, we obtain exact bright soliton solutions for (2 + 1)-dimensional and (3 + 1)-dimensional K(m,n) equations with the generalized evolution terms. The results are then generalized to multi-dimensional K(m,n) equations in the presence of the generalized evolution term. An extended form of the K(m,n) equation with perturbation term is investigated. Exact bright soliton solution for the proposed K(m,n) equation having higher-order nonlinear term is determined. The physical parameters in the soliton solutions are obtained as function of the dependent model coefficients.     

N-soliton solutions for shallow water waves equations in (1 + 1) and (2 + 1) dimensions

A variety of shallow water waves equations in (1 + 1) and (2 + 1) dimensions are investigated. We first show that these models are completely integrable. We next determine multiple-soliton solutions for each equation. The simplified Hirota’s bilinear method developed by Hereman will be employed to achieve this goal. A comparison between dispersion relations and the phase shifts will be conducted. (But possess the same coefficients for the polynomials of exponentials.)     

On the efficiency of Newton and Broyden numerical methods in the investigation of the regular polygon problem of (N + 1) bodies

Numerical methods of finding the roots of a system of non-linear algebraic equations are treated in this paper. This paper attempts to give an answer to the selection of the most efficient method in a complex problem of Celestial Dynamics, the so-called ring problem of (N + 1) bodies. We apply Newton and Broyden’s method to these problems and we investigate, by means of their use, the planar equilibrium points, the five equilibrium zones, which are symbolized by A₁, A₂, B, C₂, and C₁ (by order of appearance from the center O to the periphery of the imaginary circle on which the primaries lie) [T.J. Kalvouridis, A planar case of the N + 1 body problem: the ring problem. Astrophys. Space Sci. 260 (3) (1999) 309-325], and the attracting regions of the system. The efficiency of these methods is studied through a comparative process. The obtained results are demonstrated in figures and are discussed.     

Exact solutions and conservation laws of (2 + 1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli equation

In this paper, we obtain the symmetry group theorem by using the modified CK’s direct method, and some new exact solutions of (2 + 1)-dimensional BLP equation. Also we derive the corresponding Lie algebra and the conservation laws of BLP equation.     

An algorithm for mean residual life computation of (n − k + 1)-out-of-n systems: An application of exponentiated Weibull distribution

In this paper, we establish an algorithm for the computation of the mean residual life of a (n − k + 1)-out-of-n system in the case of independent but not necessarily identically distributed lifetimes of the components. An application for the exponentiated Weibull distribution is given to study the effect of various parameters on the mean residual life of the system. Also the relationship between the mean residual life for the system and that of its components is investigated.