基于时频图像分析的核爆与雷电电磁脉冲识别

根据核爆和雷电电磁脉冲信号非平稳、非线性特点,对核爆电磁脉冲(NEMP)和雷电电磁脉冲(LEMP)信号进行了Hilbert谱分析,计算了二者Hilbert谱的图像区域特征,对二者进行了识别研究,并且从NEMP和LEMP不同的产生机理上对识别结果进行了分析。实验结果表明:以Hilbert谱的面积和重心,以及六维图像区域特征作为特征,对NEMP和LEMP的识别率达到了90％以上,可以对二者进行有效识别。     

基于HHT与LSSVM的远区核爆电磁脉冲识别

为实现远区核爆电磁脉冲（NEMP）和闪电电磁脉冲（LEMP）的有效识别,提出一种基于希尔伯特黄变换（HHT）和最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）的识别算法。采用希尔伯特黄变换对远区NEMP和LEMP进行分析,利用两种信号的Hilbert谱在不同频带上分布的差异性,选择谱图中两个区域的能量占比作为信号的特征,选择LSSVM作为分类器进行分类识别。实验结果表明,采用能量占比特征可有效识别NEMP和LEMP,且综合识别率可达到98.59%。     

小波包分形在远区核爆电磁脉冲识别中的应用

针对远区核爆电磁脉冲(NEMP)和闪电电磁脉冲(LEMP)的识别率不能满足实际需求的问题,提出了一种基于小波包分形技术的识别方法。首先,对实测的NEMP和LEMP做插值、归一化等预处理;然后,基于小波包理论对预处理后的信号进行2层小波包分解,并利用小波包系数重构信号的分形维数,组成信号的特征向量;最后,采用最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)作为分类器,利用五折交叉验证法选取最优的模型参数,将特征向量输入分类器中进行训练后获得测试结果。实验结果表明,小波包分形方法在NEMP和LEMP的识别上效果显著,平均识别率达到99%以上,具有较高的应用价值。     

单片机系统在核电磁脉冲辐照下的效应研究

 核电磁脉冲（NEMP）、雷电电磁脉冲（LEMP）和高功率微波（HPM）等强电磁脉冲对单片机系统具有很强的干扰和破坏作用。为研究它们对单片机系统的各种效应,利用GTEM室产生的核电磁脉冲,对单片机系统进行了辐照效应实验。实验表明,单片机系统在强电磁脉冲作用下,会出现“死机”、重启动、通讯出错等现象。基于实验,讨论了单片机系统的各种效应产生的原因。     

超声换能器带宽对光声成像的影响

研究了不同尺寸吸收体产生的光声压的频谱特性：对于厘米量级、毫米量级和几百个微米量级的吸收体,产生光声压频谱的主要范围分别约为20～300kHz、70kHz～2．5MHz和400kHz～20MHz;讨论了不同频率范围的光声信号对重建图像的影响,低频段的光声信号能反映物体的非边界区域,而高频段的光声信号能突出物体的细微结构,尤其是物体的边界特征。提出了不同尺寸的吸收体要选用或设计不同带宽范围的探测器进行检测的方法．当探测器的带宽范围与光声压频谱范围基本吻合时,损失的频率成份较少,重建的光声图像效果较好,这一结论在仿真和实验结果中都得到了证明。实验用的光源为YAG激光器,波长为532nm,重复频率为30Hz,脉宽为7ns,探测器为针状的PVDF膜水听器,接收面积的直径为1mm。     

基于波段带宽的谱段测温法的测温范围分析

基于窄波段内普适性的线性发射率模型,将三波长（单色）辐射温度测量拓展到谱段辐射温度测量。在谱段测量中,为实现非失真的有效测量,文中结合传感器的动态范围及最低灵敏度等特性参数 ,考虑多路信号的耦合关系,讨论了有效温度测量的相应限制条件。从而针对具有已知辐射物性的被测物体,通过数值模拟给出谱段测温的有效测温范围相对于传感器的波段带宽的变化趋势。理论上明确 了实现有效温度范围测量对传感器的波段带宽的要求。文章分析将为辐射传感器的设计提供必要的理论指导。     

发光二极管光谱测量中的杂散光与带宽校正

光谱仪的杂散光和带宽是LED光谱测量中比较重要的两个误差影响因素,为了得到更精确的测量结果,必须对杂散光和带宽影响进行校正.用He-Ne激光测出光谱仪的线扩展函数,在假设光谱仪是线性波长不变系统的前提下,构建杂散光分布函数矩阵,转化为杂散光校正矩阵,从而对所测信号进行杂散光校正;在三个波段内分别由光谱仪带宽函数计算带宽校正系数,将被测波长点及其邻近带宽波长点上的测量结果进行加权平均,从而得到带宽校正结果.将两种校正方法应用在一台多通道快速光谱仪上,测量各种颜色的LED,实验结果表明能有效地校正杂散光和带宽影响,色品坐标最大校正了(-0.003,0.007).且该方法降低了应用成本,在保证精度的情况下简化了计算量,使得校正更易于实施.     

宽带强电磁脉冲模拟器发展及设计研究

宽带强电磁脉冲是高功率微波技术近年来的主要发展方向之一,由于模拟器可用于强电磁辐射环境模拟,开展强电磁脉冲效应与防护研究,所以取得了快速发展。对宽带强电磁脉冲模拟器的研究现状进行了介绍,分析模拟器在工作频段和技术体制方面存在的共性,并结合研究需求,设计了一种宽带强电磁脉冲模拟器,该模拟器采用Marx发生器直接驱动高功率宽带天线的方式,实验结果显示该模拟器的远场辐射因子可达224 kV,辐射中心频率215 MHz,带宽可达32%,为宽带强电磁脉冲模拟技术的发展、科学研究提供了参考依据和试验条件。     

可调谐相对论磁控管调谐带宽的优化

 在以10腔旭日结构为方案的可调谐相对论磁控管中,分析了热腔下对磁控管性能有重要影响的零模成分与模式隔离因素,结合零模成分的形成原因以及轴向频率分量对调谐范围的影响,提出了调整大、小腔等效阻抗和体积,开放阳极端面,从而减小零模分量及增加调谐带宽的措施。CST模拟表明,通过这些优化,可调谐相对论磁控管的调谐带宽从最初的380 MHz提高到900 MHz。     

多模梯度折射率塑料光纤带宽的分析

结合WKB法对多模梯度折射率塑料光纤(GI-POF)色散和带宽进行了综合分析,研究了在GI-POF中材料色散对带宽影响的程度和规律,给出较佳折射率指数(g)的范围,并说明实测带宽高于理论带宽的原因.     

On the relationship between signal bandwidth and frequency correlation for ocean surface forward scattered signals

The relationship between the bandwidth of a signal and the correlation of that signal with its ocean surface reflected arrival, a quantity we term frequency correlation, has been investigated experimentally and compared with two theories. Decorrelation of wideband surface scattered signals is a direct consequence of time spread. The acoustic measurement utilized a very short pure tone signal, from which time spread has been estimated, and four broadband signals with different bandwidths, for which correlation with the transmitted signal has been measured. An environment-driven model developed by Dahl was used to predict time spread, which agreed favorably with our time spread measurements. The model was also employed in two theories that predict frequency correlation. The first, a theory published by Reeves in 1974, is based upon the ratio of signal temporal resolution to total time spread. This theory compared well with our measurements for 1 kHz bandwidth signals, but is not applicable for signal bandwidths greater than about 2 kHz. The second, a theory developed by Ziomek, models ocean acoustic propagation as transmission through a linear system. This theory agreed well with our frequency correlation measurements for signal bandwidths of 1-22 kHz.     

Effect of stimulus bandwidth on the perception of /s/ in normal- and hearing-impaired children and adults.

Recent studies with adults have suggested that amplification at 4 kHz and above fails to improve speech recognition and may even degrade performance when high-frequency thresholds exceed 50-60 dB HL. This study examined the extent to which high frequencies can provide useful information for fricative perception for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children and adults. Eighty subjects (20 per group) participated. Nonsense syllables containing the phonemes /s/, /f/, and /O/, produced by a male, female, and child talker, were low-pass filtered at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 kHz. Frequency shaping was provided for the hearing-impaired subjects only. Results revealed significant differences in recognition between the four groups of subjects. Specifically, both groups of children performed more poorly than their adult counterparts at similar bandwidths. Likewise, both hearing-impaired groups performed more poorly than their normal-hearing counterparts. In addition, significant talker effects for /s/ were observed. For the male talker, optimum performance was reached at a bandwidth of approximately 4-5 kHz, whereas optimum performance for the female and child talkers did not occur until a bandwidth of 9 kHz.     

Influence of the ultrasound transducer bandwidth on selection of the complementary Golay bit code length

In contrast to previously published papers [A. Nowicki, Z. Klimonda, M. Lewandowski, J. Litniewski, P.A. Lewin, I. Trots, Comparison of sound fields generated by different coded excitations – Experimental results, Ultrasonics 44 (1) (2006) 121–129; J. Litniewski, A. Nowicki, Z. Klimonda, M. Lewandowski, Sound fields for coded excitations in water and tissue: experimental approach, Ultrasound Med. Biol. 33 (4) (2007) 601–607], which examined the factors influencing the spatial resolution of coded complementary Golay sequences (CGS), this paper investigates the effect of ultrasound imaging transducer’s fractional bandwidth on the gain of the compressed echo signal for different spectral widths of the CGS. Two different bit lengths were considered, specifically one and two cycles. Three transducers having fractional bandwidth of 25%, 58% and 80% and operating at frequencies 6, 4.4 and 6 MHz, respectively were examined (one of the 6 MHz sources was focused and made of composite material). The experimental results have shown that by increasing the code length, i.e. decreasing the bandwidth, the compressed echo amplitude could be enhanced. The smaller the bandwidth was the larger was the gain; the pulse-echo sensitivity of the echo amplitude increased by 1.88, 1.62 and 1.47, for 25%, 58% and 80% bandwidths, respectively. These results indicate that two cycles bit length excitation is more suitable for use with bandwidth limited commercially available imaging transducers. Further, the time resolution is retained for transducers with two cycles excitation providing the fractional bandwidth is lower than approximately 90%. The results of this work also show that adjusting the code length allows signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) to be enhanced while using limited (less that 80%) bandwidth imaging transducers. Also, for such bandwidth limited transducers two cycles excitation would not decrease the time resolution, obtained with “conventional” spike excitation. Hence, CGS excitation could be successfully implemented with the existing, relatively narrow band imaging transducers without the need to use usually more expensive wideband, composite ones.     

Ultrabroad bandwidth solitons in fiber amplifier

The amplification of an ultrabroad bandwidth pulse in an Erbium-doped fiber amplifier in the case where the spectral bandwidth of pulse is comparable to the gain bandwidth of the amplifier is investigated. Based on the numerical simulation of a modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation, it is shown that the amplifier limits the efficiency of amplification. However, the limitation can be minimized by choosing the corresponding optimal fiber length for different gain bandwidths. In addition, the effect of gain bandwidth on the amplification of a soliton with initial chirp depends on the sign of the chirp.     

Realization of low frequency and controllable bandwidth squeezing based on a four-wave-mixing amplifier in rubidium vapor

We experimentally demonstrate the creation of two correlated beams generated by a nondegenerate four-wave-mixing amplifier at λ=795 nm in hot rubidium vapor. We achieve intensity difference squeezing at frequencies as low as 1.5 kHz which is so far the lowest frequency to observe squeezing in an atomic system. The squeezing spans from 5.5 to 16.5 MHz with a maximum squeezing of -5 dB at 1 MHz. We can control the squeezing bandwidth by changing the pump power. Both low frequency and controllable bandwidth squeezing show great potential in sensitivity detection and precise control of the atom optics measurement.     

红外中带滤光片的结构、带宽估算及调整

中波红外波段在航天、气象、遥感等领域有着重要的应用，为了提高信噪比，系统中经常使用高质量的红外中带滤光片。相对带宽是红外中带滤光片重要的指标，主要取决于光学薄膜的膜系结构和具体设计。首先给出双截止组合型、F-P型、多半波型等几种膜系结构，归纳了相对带宽估算公式。同时从实用性出发，对一些具体膜系结构进行了相对带宽估算和综合分析，结果表明多半波结构最为可行。针对多半波结构，提出了间隔层膜料和光学厚度的选择、采用等效膜、调整膜层折射率等相对带宽调整的方法。最后，利用上述相对带宽调整方法对红外中带滤光片进行了设计，给出了实际镀制结果，滤光片相对带宽指标满足设计要求。     

Analysis of restriction factors of widening diffraction bandwidth of multilayer dielectric grating

In order to design a multilayer dielectric grating with wide-bandwidth diffraction spectrum, the restriction factors of both the reflection bandwidth of multilayer dielectric high-reflectivity mirror and the guided-mode resonance phenomenon are studied in detail. The reflection characteristics of high-reflectivity mirror in zeroth and 1st transmitted diffraction orders are quantitatively evaluated. It is found that the reflection bandwidth of high-reflectivity mirror in 1st transmitted diffraction order, which determines the final diffraction bandwidth of multilayer dielectric grating, is evidently compressed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the reducing of grating period is an effective approach to the elimination of guided mode resonance over a required broad band range both spectrally and angularly. In addition, the expressions for calculating the maximum period ensuring no guided mode resonance in the required bandwidth are derived. Finally, two high-efficiency pulse-compression gratings with broad-band are presented.     

探测器频带对光声成像分辨率的影响研究

 为了研究探测器频带对光声成像分辨率的影响,采用有限元仿真实验,得出不同探测器频带与分辨率之间的经验公式,即对于mm量级的吸收体,探测器的截止频率大于2 MHz时,重建图像分辨率变化不明显,当探测器的截止频率小于2 MHz时,分辨率降低非常明显。该研究结果对光声成像探测器的选择、成像效果评估具有参考价值。     

一个新的IEC61000-4-2标准ESD电流解析表达式

 分析了两个ESD标准电流波形表达式，并提出一个新的基于脉冲函数来描述ESD标准电流的解析表达式，该表达式符合最新的标准IEC61000-4-2，在零时刻的电流及其微分部为0，且波形与实际测量波形基本吻合。