Ab initio quantum chemical investigation of intramolecular magnetic interaction in some diradical derivatives of imino nitroxide and nitronyl nitroxide

The magnetic properties of the monoradicals 2-(4-phenyl acetylene)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidozolyl-oxyl (1) and 2-(4-phenyl acetylene)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-oxyl-3-oxide (2) and the diradicals 2,2'-(1,2-ethynediyldi-4,1-phenylene)bis[4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidozolyl-oxyl] (3), 2,2'-(1,2-ethynediyldi-4,1 3,1-phenylene)bis[4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidozolyl-oxyl] (4), and 2,2'-(1,2-ethynediyldi-4,1 3,1-phenylene)bis[4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-oxyl-3-oxide] (5) are investigated by ab initio quantum chemical methods. The rule of spin alternation in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) method clearly shows that the radical sites are antiferromagnetically coupled in 3 and ferromagnetically coupled in 4 and 5, which is consistent with a previous experiment. The molecular geometries are optimized at Hartree-Fock levels. This is followed by single-point calculations using the density functional (UB3LYP) treatment and the multiconfigurational complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) methodology. Magnetic exchange coupling constants are determined from the broken-symmetry approach. The calculated J values, -3.60 cm(-1) for 3, 0.16 cm(-1) for 4, and 0.67 cm(-1) for 5, are in excellent agreement with the observed values. Because of the very large size of the diradicals 3-5, the CASSCF (10,10) calculations cannot yield realistic J values. Nevertheless, the CASSCF calculations support the antiferromagnetic nature of the magnetic coupling in 3 and the ferromagnetic nature of the coupling in 4 and 5. The existence of an intramolecular magnetic coupling in 3-5 is also confirmed through computations of the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants for monoradicals 1 and 2 as well as diradicals 3-5.     

Restricting magnetic interaction pathways in polyoxometalate salts of cationic nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Salts 1 and 2 that combine the [W6O19]2- Lindqvist anion with the cationic nitronyl nitroxide (NN) free radicals p-MepyNN+ and (n)Bu3NCH2NN+, respectively, have been synthesized and their structural and magnetic properties have been studied.     

Synthesis,structure and magnetic properties of a Pr(III) complex with chelating nitronyl nitroxide radicals

The synthesis and structure of Pr(III) complex with chelating nitronyl nitroxide radicals of formula [Pr(III)(NIT2Py)₂(NO₃)₃] (NIT2Py?=?2-(2′-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) is reported. Pr(III) is ten-coordinate with three bidentate nitrate anions and two radicals. The radical behaves as a bidentate chelating ligand through one oxygen atom of the nitronyl nitroxide group and one nitrogen atom of a pyridine ring. The electronic spectrum for the complex in THF and magnetic susceptibilities from 77–300?K are reported.     

Synthesis,structure, and magnetic properties of two dimer paddle-wheel CuII toluate complexes with nitronyl nitroxide radicals

Two new paddle-wheel dimeric copper complexes, [Cu₂(4-MePhCOO)₄(NITmPy)₂] (1) and [Cu₂(3-MePhCOO)₄(NITmPy)₂] (2) (NITmPy?=?2-(3-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro1H-imidazolyl-1-oxyl-3-oxide), were synthesized by reaction of copper toluate and NITmPy. Single crystal X-ray analyses revealed that both complexes are symmetrical dimers. Cu with four deprotonated methyl-benzoate bridging ligands form a paddle-wheel core and pyridyl nitrogen of radical ligands at the apical position. Based on the Cu–Cu axis of 1 and 2, we exploited the steric constraints of the methyl groups and induced the paddle-wheel. Two magnetic exchange pathways with strong antiferromagnetic interaction between dimeric Cu^II ions and weak antiferromagnetic interaction between NITmPy ligands exist in the complexes. IR and powder X-ray diffraction of the complexes were also studied.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and magnetic properties of a nickel(II) complex with pyridine-substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals

The complex [Ni(NIT2Py)(PDA)(H₂O)]·(MeOH)(H₂O) [NIT2Py = 2-(2-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide; PDA = 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid] has been prepared and structurally characterized. The Ni^II ion is in a distorted octahedral environment: one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom from the NIT2Py, one nitrogen atom from the PDA and one oxygen atom from the H₂O in the basal plane; two oxygen atoms from the PDA in the axial position. The units of [Ni(NIT2Py)(PDA)(H₂O)] were connected as a one dimension chain by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The complex exhibits intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions between the Ni^II ion and the NIT2Py.     

Electrospray mass spectrometry of stable iminyl nitroxide and nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra have been recorded for a range of substituted nitronyl nitroxide and iminyl nitroxide monoradicals and biradicals. Secondary species formed in the ESI source were observed as the dominant ions in both the iminyl nitroxide and nitronyl nitroxide spectra. Daughter ion spectrometry was used to establish fragmentation mechanisms for the nitronyl nitroxide and iminyl nitroxide moieties as well as the secondary species under ESI conditions.     

Redox polymers incorporating pendant 6-oxoverdazyl and nitronyl nitroxide radicals

Polymers comprised of redox-active organic radicals have emerged as promising materials for use in a variety of organic electronics, including fast-charging batteries. Despite these advances, relatively little attention has been focused on the diversification of the families of radicals that are commonly incorporated into polymer frameworks, with most radical polymers being comprised of nitroxide radicals. Here, we report two new examples prepared via ring-opening methathesis polymerization containing 6-oxoverdazyl and nitronyl nitroxide radicals appended to their backbones. The polymerization reaction and optoelectronic properties were explored in detail, revealing high radical content and redox activity that may be advantageous for their use as semiconducting thin films. Initial studies revealed that current–voltage curves obtained from thin films of the title polymers exhibited memory effects making them excellent candidates for use in resistive memory applications. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 58, 309–319     

Microscopic mechanisms of magnetic transitions in chain polymeric copper(II) complexes with nitronyl nitroxide radicals

Parameters of exchange interactions in heterospin chain polymeric complexes of Cu(hfac)₂ (hfac is hexafluoroacetylacetonate anion) with pyrazolyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxides L^R (R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu) were estimated using quantum chemical computational methods. The magnetic properties of the considered chain polymeric complexes can be described within the framework of the model of isolated exchange clusters. Experimental data on the structural dynamics of chains polymeric with “head-to-tail” (R = Me) and “head-to-head” (R = Et, Pr, Bu) motifs are discussed in the context of the concept of gradual phase transitions. Based on the analysis performed, a hypothesis of microscopic mechanisms of magnetic transitions in crystals of this type of compounds was proposed.     

Synthesis,crystal structure and magnetic properties of a novel complex containing a diamagnetic metal ion and thiazole-substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals

The synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of a novel diamagnetic metal complex containing thiazole-substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals, [HgCl₂(NIT2-thz)₂] (NIT2-thz?= 2-(2′-thiazole)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide), is reported. The mercury(II) ion has distorted tetrahedral coordination involving two chloride atoms and two thiazole nitrogen atoms. Magnetic susceptibility data show that there are intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions between the radicals in the complex.     

Photochromism of diarylethenes with two nitronyl nitroxides: photoswitching of an intramolecular magnetic interaction

Photochromic diarylethenes that have p-phenylene-substituted benzothiophene aryl groups with and without nitronyl nitroxide radicals at both ends of the molecules were synthesized. The absorption maxima of the closed-ring isomers showed a hypsochromic shift with the increase in the pi-conjugated chain length. The unique behavior was attributed to the stabilization by the resonant quinoid structures. Both photocyclization and photocycloreversion quantum yields of the diarylethene with nitronyl nitroxide radicals were found to increase with the increase in the pi-conjugated chain length. Photoswitching of the magnetic interaction between two nitronyl nitroxide radicals was studied by means of ESR spectroscopy. The change in exchange interaction between open- and closed-ring isomers of 1,2-bis[6-[4-[4-(1-oxyl-3-oxide-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolin-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-1-benzothiophen-3-yl]hexafluorocyclopentene was determined to be more than 30-fold.     

A new zinc(II) complex containing nitronyl nitroxide radicals: Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties

A new one-dimensional dicyanamide bridged zinc(II) complex containing nitronyl nitroxide radicals [Zn(Hfac)₂(NIT-1′-MeBzIm)] (NIT-1′-MeBzIm = 2-{2′-[(l′-methyl)benzimidazolyl]}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, Hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) has been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2₁/c, Z = 4. Crystal data: C₂₅H₂₁F₁₂N₄O₆Zn, Mr = 766.83, a = 12.1812(13) Å, b = 16.8770(18) Å, c = 15.5230(16) Å, β = 98.009(2)°, V = 3160.1(6) ų, ρ _c = 1.612 g/cm³, μ(MoK _α) = 0.893 mm^?1, F(000) = 1540, R = 0.0925 and wR = 0.2652 for 5875 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The X-ray analysis reveals that the zinc(II) ion is six-coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometry. These units develop as 1D species by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Magnetic investigation indicates the existence of weak intermolecular interactions is antiferromagnetic with J = ?1.35 cm^?1, where the spin Hamitonian is defined as H = ?2Σ _i,j J _i,j S _i S within the complex.     

Tandem arrays of TEMPO and nitronyl nitroxide radicals with designed arrangements on DNA

Herein we describe one-dimensional electron-spin arrays consisting of two different organic radicals with the designed arrangement based on the DNA sequence. Two mismatch-binding ligands carrying 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxide (TEMPO) and nitronyl nitroxide selectively bind to the predetermined sites on double stranded DNA. By using the two mismatch-binding ligands carrying the organic radicals as the glue for DNA, electron-spin assembly could be successfully synchronized with the hybridization. Periodically and tandemly arranged, two kinds of organic radical molecules at designed positions might be useful for an approach to build up scalable qubits of electron-spin-based quantum computing. The approach using DNA nanostructures as a scaffold to assembly functional small molecules can afford one of the promising ways for the future application of DNA nanostructures and nanotechnology.     

Synthesis,magnetic properties and theoretical calculations of novel nitronyl nitroxide and imino nitroxide diradicals grafted on terpyridine moiety

The synthetic route based on Stille coupling between tributyltinpyridyl derivatives and bromo substituted mono- and dipyridyl-carbaldehyde is used for the synthesis of 5,5″-diformyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (8). A sequence of Ullman coupling with 2,3-bis(hydroxylamino)-2,3-dimethylbutane followed by oxidation under phase transfer conditions affords either 5,5″-Bis(1-oxyl-3-oxo-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-2-yl)2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (10) (diNN-Terpy) or the related 5,5″-Bis(1-oxyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidin-2-yl)2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (11) (diIN-Terpy), where both biradicals display clear intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction between the single spin units as evidenced by ESR spectroscopy. Quantum chemical calculations (ROHF/AM1) are performed showing the triplet ground-state for both 10 and 11 radicals.     

Synthesis,structure, and properties of a 1-D copper(II) complex with nitronyl nitroxide radicals

A 1-D chain complex [Cu(NIT4Py)(IDA)]_∞ (NIT4Py = 2-(4′-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and IDA = iminodiacetate) has been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, TGA, and magnetic analysis. Each Cu(II) is five-coordinate with distorted square pyramidal geometry. Each IDA bridges two Cu(II) ions via one carboxylate which occupies the axial site of Cu(II), leading to a chain structure composed of Cu(II)-radical cations and IDA anions. In the complex, there exist three magnetic exchange pathways, (i) interaction between units of (Cu(II)-NIT4Py) through IDA, (ii) Cu(II)-NIT4Py interaction, and (iii) NIT4Py-NIT4Py interaction through space. Compared with the first two magnetic interactions, the last magnetic exchange interaction should be too weak to be counted because of the large distance of the neighboring NIT4Py molecules (4.993 Å). Analysis of the magnetic properties was performed using the Bleany–Bowers (dimer) model, showing that the complex exhibited both weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the Cu(II) and NIT4Py, and between the units of (Cu(II)-NIT4Py) through IDA with exchange coupling parameters J = ?7.28 cm^?1 and zJ′ = ?0.40 cm^?1.     

1D chlorine bridged mercury(II) complex containing nitronyl nitroxide radicals: Synthesis, crystal structures, and magnetic properties

A novel 1D chlorine bridged mercury(II) complex containing nitronyl nitroxide radicals, [Hg₂(NIT-1′-MeBzIm)Cl₄] _n (NIT-1′-MeBzIm = 2-{2′-[(1′-methyl)benzimidazolyl]}-4,4,5,5-tetrameth-ylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide), has been prepared and characterized by magnetic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The complex crystallizes in triclinic, space group P $\bar 1$ , Z = 2. Crystal data: C₁₅H₁₉C₁₄Hg₂N₄O₂, M = 830.32, a = 7.4454(16), b = 9.463(2), c = 16.180(3) Å, α = 94.245(2)°, β = 100.747(2)°, γ = 102.523(2)°, V = 1085.5(4) ų, ρ _c = 2.540 g/cm³, μ(MoK_α) = 14.636 mm^?1, F(000) = 762, R = 0.0312 and wR = 0.0779 for 3990 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The X-ray analysis reveals that the Hg²⁺ ions shows two coordination geometries of five-coordinated with a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry and quadrilateral geometry. The units of [Hg₂(NIT-1′-MeBzIm)C_l4] _n were connected as 1D chain structure by the chlorine bridges. Magnetic investigation indicates the existence of weak intramolecular interactions is antiferromagnetic with J = ?1.23 cm^?1, where the spin Hamitonian is defined as H = $ - 2\sum\nolimits_{i,j} {J_{i,j} S_i S} $ within the complex.     

Molecular and crystal structure of amino-substituted nitronyl nitroxide and its derivatives

Molecular and crystal structures are determined for amino-substituted nitronyl nitroxide 1, the products of its subsequent oxidation, acylation, and reduction: zwitter-ions 3a, 3b and salts K(4b) and K₂(4b)(CF₃CO₂).     

Synthesis and properties of the complexes of lanthanides with nitronyl nitroxide biradical

Five novel complexes of formula [Ln(hfac)3] · BNPhOM, where Ln = Gd, Ho, Dy, Y, Er; hfac = hexfluoracetylaceto-nate; BNPhOM = 1,3-[bis-2,2'-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-di-hydro-1H-imidazolyl-1-oxyl-3-oxide)phenoxy] propane, have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductances, IK and electronic spectra. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility for Gd( III) and radical was measured (2-300 K). The observed data were successfully simulated giving the exchange integral J = 0.28 cm-1, J' = - 0.33 cm-1. These results indicate a weak ferromagnetic spin exchange interaction between Gd(III) ion and the radical and a weak antiferromagnetic spin exchange interaction between the radical and radical.