Ferromagnetic interaction between [Ni(bdt)2]− anions in [Mn2(Saloph)2(μ-OH)][Ni(bdt)2](CH3CN)2

A new molecule-based magnetic material [Mn₂(Saloph)₂(μ-OH)][Ni(bdt)₂](CH₃CN)₂ was prepared by the metathesis of [Mn(Saloph)(H₂O)(ClO₄)] (S = 2) and TBA[Ni(bdt)₂] (S = 1/2). In the crystal, [Ni(bdt)₂]^? anions form square lattices which are separated from each other by the layers of antiferromagnetically coupled binuclear cations [Mn₂(Saloph)₂(μ-OH)]⁺. The magnetic susceptibility of the material coincides with the sum of the S = 2 van Vleck dimer model and S = 1/2 Heisenberg ferromagnetic square lattice model with 2J = ?92.4 and +4.5 K, respectively. The origin of the ferromagnetic interaction can be explained by the T-shaped intermolecular overlap mode of SOMOs which spreads to the ends of [Ni(bdt)₂]^? molecules.     

Mn4 single-molecule magnets with a planar diamond core and S=9

The syntheses and magnetic properties are reported for three Mn₄ single-molecule magnets (SMMs): [Mn₄(hmp)₆(NO₃)₂(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂·2MeCN (3), [Mn₄(hmp)₆(NO₃)₄]·(MeCN) (4), and [Mn₄(hmp)₄(acac)₂(MeO)₂](ClO₄)₂·2MeOH (5). In each complex there is a planar diamond core of Mn^III ₂Mn^II ₂ ions. An analysis of the variable-temperature and variable-field magnetization data indicate that all three molecules have intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling and a S=9 ground state. The presence of a frequency-dependent alternating current susceptibility signal indicates a significant energy barrier between the spin-up and spin-down states for each of these three Mn^III ₂Mn^II ₂ complexes. The fact that these complexes are SMMs has been confirmed by the observation of hysteresis in the plot of magnetization versus magnetic field measured for single crystals of complexes 3 and 4. The hysteresis loops for both of these complexes exhibit steps characteristic of quantum tunneling of magnetization. Complex 4 shows its first step at zero field, whereas the first step for complex 3 is shifted to −0.10 T. This shift is attributable to weak intermolecular antiferromagnetic exchange interactions present for complex 3.     

Formation of out of plane oxime metallacycles in [Cu2] and [Cu4] complexes

The reaction of Cu(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O with dimethylglyoxime (H₂dmg) in a 1:1 mole ratio in aqueous methanol at room temperature affords the dinuclear complex [Cu₂(μ-Hdmg)₄] (1). Reaction of 1 with [Cu(bpy)(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) in a 1:1 mole ratio in aqueous methanol at room temperature yields the tetranuclear complex [Cu₄(μ-Hdmg)₂(μ-dmg)₂(bpy)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂ (2). The direct reaction of Cu(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O with H₂dmg and bpy in a 2:2:1 mole ratio in aqueous methanol at room temperature also yields 2 quantitatively. The complexes 1 and 2 were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Unlike the binding in Ni/Co-dmg, two different types of N?O bridging modes during the oxime based metallacycle formation and stacking of square planar units have been identified in these complexes. The neutral dinuclear complex 1 has CuN₄O coordination spheres and complex 2 consists of a dicationic [Cu₄(μ-Hdmg)₂(μ-dmg)₂(bpy)₂(H₂O)₂]²⁺ unit and two uncoordinated ClO₄^? anions having CuN₄O and CuN₂O₃ coordination spheres. The two copper(II) ions are at a distance of 3.846(8) Å in 1 for the trans out of plane link and at 3.419(10) and 3.684(10) Å in 2 for the trans out of plane and cis in plane arrangements, respectively. The average Cu–N_oxime distances are 1.953 and 1.935 Å, respectively. The average basal and apical Cu?O_oxime distances are 1.945, 2.295 and 2.429 Å. The UV–Vis spectra of 2 is similar to the spectrum of the reaction mixture of 1 and [Cu(bpy)(H₂O)₂]²⁺. Variable temperature magnetic properties measurement shows that the interaction between the paramagnetic copper centers in complex 1 is antiferromagnetic in nature. The EPR spectra of frozen solution of the complexes at 77 K consist of axially symmetric fine-structure transitions (ΔM_S = 1) and half-field signals (ΔM_S = 2) at ca. 1600 G, suggesting the presence of appreciable Cu–Cu interactions.     

Complexes derived from the copper(II) perchlorate/maleamic acid/2,2′-bipyridine and copper(II) perchlorate/maleic acid/2,2′-bipyridine reaction systems: Synthetic,reactivity, structural and spectroscopic studies

A systematic investigation of the reactions of Cu(ClO₄)₂ · 6H₂O with maleamic acid (H₂L) in the presence of 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) has been carried out. The chemical and structural identity of the products depends on the solvent, the absence or presence of external hydroxides in the reaction mixture and the molar ratio of the reactants. Various reaction schemes have led to the isolation of the complexes [Cu₂(HL)₂(bpy)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂ (1), [Cu₂(HL)₂(bpy)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂ · 2H₂O (1 · 2H₂O), [Cu(L′′)(bpy)]_n · 2nH₂O (2 · 2nH₂O), [Cu₂(L′′)(bpy)₂(H₂O)₂]_n(ClO₄)_2n · 0.5nH₂O (3 · 0.5nH₂O), [Cu₂(L′′)₂(bpy)₂] · 2MeOH (5 · 2MeOH), [Cu₂(L′)₂(bpy)₂(ClO₄)₂] (6) and [Cu(ClO₄)₂(bpy)(MeCN)₂] (7b), where L′′^2? and L′^? are the maleate(?2) and monomethyl maleate(?1) ligands, respectively. The HL^? ion has been transformed to L′′^2? and L′^? in the known compounds 2 · 2nH₂O and 6, respectively, via metal ion-assisted processes involving hydrolysis (2 · 2nH₂O) and methanolysis (6) of the primary amide group. The reaction that leads to 6 takes place through the formation of the mononuclear complex [Cu(ClO₄)₂(bpy)(MeOH)₂] (7a), whose structure was assigned on the basis of its spectral similarity with the structurally characterized complex 7b. The structures of the cations in 1 and 1 · 2H₂O consists of two Cu^II atoms bridged by the carboxylate groups of the two HL^? ligands, each exhibiting the less common η² coordination mode; a chelating bpy molecule and a H₂O ligand complete square pyramidal coordination at each metal centre. The structure of the dinuclear repeating unit in the 1D coordination polymer 3 · 0.5nH₂O consists of two Cu^II atoms bridged by two syn,syn η¹:η¹:μ₂ carboxylate groups belonging to two L′′^2? ions; each ligand bridged two neighboring [Cu^II,II₂] units thus promoting the formation of a helical chain. The structure of the dinuclear molecule of complex 5 · 2MeOH consists of two Cu^II atoms bridged by two η² carboxylate groups from two L′′^2? ligands; the second carboxylate group of each maleate(?2) ligand is monodentately coordinated to Cu^II, creating a remarkable seven-membered chelating ring. The L′^? ion behaves as a carboxylate-type ligand in 6, with the carboxylate group being in the familiar syn,syn η¹:η¹:μ₂ coordination mode; a chelating bpy molecule and a coordinated ClO₄^? complete five-coordination at each Cu^II centre. The crystal structures of the complexes are stabilized by various H-bonding patterns. Characteristic IR bands of the complexes are discussed in terms of the known structures and the coordination modes of the ligands.     

Magnetic properties of hybrid organo-inorganic copper(II) oxovanadate(V) phosphate and phosphonate bridged systems

The hybrid organo-inorganic compounds [Cu₄(bipy)₄V₄O₁₁(PO₄)₂]nH₂O (n ∼ 5) (1), [Cu₂(phen)₂(PO₄)(H₂PO₄)₂(VO₂) · 2H₂O] (2) and [Cu₂(phen)₂(O₃PCH₂PO₃)(V₂O₅) (H₂O)]H₂O (3) which present different bridging forms of the phosphate/phosphonate group, show different bulk magnetic properties. We herein analyze the magnetic behaviour of these compounds in terms of their structural parameters. We also report a theoretical study for compound (1) assuming four different magnetic exchange pathways between the copper centres present in the tetranuclear unit. For compound (1) the following J values were obtained J₁ = +3.29; J₂ = −0.63; J₃ = −2.23; J₄ = −46.14 cm⁻¹. Compound (2) presents a Curie–Weiss behaviour in the whole range of temperature (3–300 K), and compound (3) shows a maximum for the magnetic susceptibility at 64 K, typical for antiferromagnetic interactions. These data where fitted using a model previously reported in the literature, assuming two different magnetic exchange pathways between the four copper(II) centres, with J₁ = −30.0 and J₂ = −8.5 cm⁻¹.     

Coordination polymers incorporating copper(II) and manganese(II) centers bridged by pyridinedicarboxylate ligands: Structure and magnetism

Two heterobimetallic coordination polymers, [Cu(2,4-pydc)₂Mn(H₂O)₄]_x (1) and [Cu(2,5-pydc)₂Mn(H₂O)₂]_x · 4xH₂O (2), have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds have extended 2-D sheet structures. In 1 the copper centers are linked in chains by double ligand bridges and these chains are cross-linked through the manganese coordination spheres and O–C–O bridges to form polymeric sheets. In 2 separate O–C–O bridged Cu and Mn chains are connected in an alternating array by additional ligand bridging to generate the overall 2-D structure. Analysis of magnetic data of 1 reveals that ferromagnetic exchange between the O–C–O bridged copper and manganese centers dominates the magnetic properties of this system. The magnetic data for 2 fit well to a model incorporating antiferromagnetic exchange in independent S = 1/2 and S = 5/2 linear chains with J(Cu) = −0.073 cm⁻¹ and J(Mn) = −0.32 cm⁻¹. Unlike the situation in 1, there is no evidence for heterometallic exchange. In both 1 and 2 the significant exchange occurs via O–C–O bridges. To study the effect of thermal dehydration on the magnetic properties of these systems, the compounds Cu(2,4-pydc)₂Mn · H₂O (1d) and Cu(2,5-pydc)₂Mn · H₂O (2d) were synthesized and studied.     

Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the phosphate mineral series eosphorite–childrenite–(Mn,Fe)Al(PO4)(OH)2·(H2O)

The phosphate mineral series eosphorite–childrenite–(Mn,Fe)Al(PO₄)(OH)₂·(H₂O) has been studied using a combination of electron probe analysis and vibrational spectroscopy. Eosphorite is the manganese rich mineral with lower iron content in comparison with the childrenite which has higher iron and lower manganese content. The determined formulae of the two studied minerals are: (Mn_0.72,Fe_0.13,Ca_0.01)(Al)_1.04(PO₄, OHPO₃)_1.07(OH_1.89,F_0.02)·0.94(H₂O) for SAA-090 and (Fe_0.49,Mn_0.35,Mg_0.06,Ca_0.04)(Al)_1.03(PO₄, OHPO₃)_1.05(OH)_1.90·0.95(H₂O) for SAA-072. Raman spectroscopy enabled the observation of bands at 970 cm⁻¹ and 1011 cm⁻¹ assigned to monohydrogen phosphate, phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate units. Differences are observed in the area of the peaks between the two eosphorite minerals. Raman bands at 562 cm⁻¹, 595 cm⁻¹, and 608 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the ν₄ bending modes of the PO₄, HPO₄ and H₂PO₄ units; Raman bands at 405 cm⁻¹, 427 cm⁻¹ and 466 cm⁻¹ are attributed to the ν₂ modes of these units. Raman bands of the hydroxyl and water stretching modes are observed. Vibrational spectroscopy enabled details of the molecular structure of the eosphorite mineral series to be determined.     

New derivatives of an enneanuclear Mn SMM

The reaction of the neutral triangular species [Mn₃O(O₂CR)₆L₃] (R = Me, Ph, CMe₃; L = py) with the tripodal ligands H₃tmp (1, 1, 1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane) and H₄peol (pentaerythritol) affords the enneanuclear complexes [Mn₉O₇(O₂CMe)₁₁(tmp)(py)₃(H₂O)₂] (2); [Mn₉O₇(O₂CMe)₁₁(Hpeol)(py)₃(H₂O)₂] (3); [Mn₉O₇(O₂CCMe₃)₁₁(Hpeol)(py)₃(H₂O)₂] (4); and [Mn₉O₇(O₂CPh)₁₁(Hpeol)(py)₃(H₂O)₂] (5). Complexes 2–5 are characterized by spin ground states of S = 17/2 with axial zero-field splitting parameters in the range D = −0.26–0.30 cm⁻¹. Sweep-rate and temperature dependent hysteresis loops diagnostic of SMM behaviour are observed below 1.2 K featuring steps at regular intervals of field.     

Controlling the dimensionality of oxalate-based bimetallic complexes: The ferromagnetic chain {[K(18-crown-6)][Mn(bpy)Cr(ox)3]}∞(18-crown-6 = C12H24O6, ox=C2O42-, bpy = C10H8N2)

The bimetallic ferromagnetic chain {[K(18-crown-6)][Mn(bpy)Cr(ox)₃]}_∞ (1) has been synthesized and characterized. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic chiral space group P2₁2₁2₁ [a = 9.0510(2) Å, b = 14.4710(3) Å, c = 26.8660(8) Å, V = 3510.97(1) Å³, Z = 2]. Compound 1 is made up by anionic [Mn(bpy)Cr(ox)₃]⁻ 1D chains and cationic [K(18-crown-6)]⁺ complexes. The magnetic exchange within the chain is ferromagnetic [J = +7.8(7) cm⁻¹]. In the solid state, the ferromagnetic chains are well isolated magnetically and no long range magnetic ordering has been observed above 2 K.     

Synthesis,structures and magnetic properties of two hexanuclear complexes

The reaction of salicylaldoxime (H₂salox) with Mn(ClO₄)₂ · 6H₂O, NaN(CN)₂ and NEt₃ in MeOH affords a Mn^III₆ hexanuclear complex of [Mn₆O₂(salox)₆(MeOH)₆(NCNCONH₂)₂] (1), while reaction of H₂salox with MnCl₂ · 4H₂O and NEt₄OH in EtOH affords a Mn^III₆ hexanuclear complex of [Mn₆O₂(salox)₆(EtOH)₄(H₂O)₂Cl₂] (2). Both complexes 1 and 2 contain a [Mn^III₆(μ₃-O)₂]¹⁴⁺ core, which is a known structural type in the family of Mn₆ complexes. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities and magnetization measurement of complexes 1 and 2 have been carried out. Exchange interactions of metal centers for complexes 1 and 2 are fitted by a full diagonalization matrix method. The fitting results indicate that both complexes 1 and 2 have the ground-state spin value of S = 4, and the ground state of complex 1 has the much closer energy to low-lying spin states than that of complex 2. Magnetization measurements at 2.0–4.0 K and 10–70 kG confirm that the ground state is S = 4, with significant magnetoanisotropy as gauged by the D value of ?0.82 cm^?1 and ?1.18 cm^?1, for 1 and 2, respectively. The frequency dependence of the out-of-phase component in alternating current magnetic susceptibilities for both complexes 1 and 2 indicates the slow magnetic relaxation of superparamagnetic behaviour with a U_eff of 27.0(1) K and τ₀ = 3.8(2) × 10^?9 s for complex 1, and U_eff of 25.1(6) K and τ₀ = 4.6(1) × 10^?8 s for complex 2.     

Synthesis,crystal structure,spectroscopy and magnetism of a trinuclear nickel(II) complex with 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid as bridge ligands

A new complex of [Ni₃(dcp)₂(H₂O)₁₀] (1) (H₃dcp = 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid) has been synthesized from H₃dcp and Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O by hydrothermal reaction. Complex 1 has the discrete trinuclear structure. Three Ni(II) ions are bridged by two dcp³⁻ ligands, with 10 coordinated water molecules as terminal ligands. The molecules of [Ni₃(dcp)₂(H₂O)₁₀] extend into three-dimensional supramolecular architectures by intermolecular O–H···O hydrogen bonds as well as π-π stacking interactions. Magnetic susceptibility measurement shows that a weak antiferromagnetic interaction is operative between nickel(II) ions and an excellent simulation of the experimental data gives D = 5.27 cm⁻¹, J = −2.19 cm⁻¹ and g = 2.05.     

New α,ω-dicarboxylate coordination polymers with 4,4′-bipyridine: Cu(bpy)(C5H6O4), Zn(bpy)(C5H6O4), Zn(bpy)(C6H8O4) and Mn(bpy)(C8H12O4) · H2O

Four 4,4′-bipyridine α,ω-dicarboxylate coordination polymers Cu(bpy)(C₅H₆O₄) (1), Zn(bpy)(C₅H₆O₄) (2), Zn(bpy)(C₆H₈O₄) (3) and Mn(bpy)(C₈H₁₂O₄) · H₂O (4) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods (bpy = 4,4-bipyridine, (C₅H₆O₄)²⁻ = glutarate anion, (C₆H₈O₄)²⁻ = adipate anion, (C₈H₁₂O₄)²⁻ = suberate anion). Their crystal structures are featured by dimeric metal units, which are co-bridged by 4,4′-bipyridine ligands and dicarboxylate anions such as glutarate, adipate and suberate anions to generate 2D layers with a (4,4) topology in 1, 2 and 4 as well as to form 3D frameworks in 3. Two 3D frameworks in 3 interpenetrate with each other to form a topology identical to the well-known Nb₆F₁₅ cluster compound. Over 5–300 K, the paramagnetic behavior of 4 follows the Curie–Weiss law χ_m(T − Θ) = 4.265(5) cm³ mol⁻¹ with the Weiss constant Θ = −6.3(2) K. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of 3 and 4 is also discussed.     

Two highly unsymmetrical tetradentate (N3O) Schiff base copper(II) complexes: Template synthesis,structural characterization,magnetic and computational studies

Two new copper(II) complexes, [Cu₂(L¹)₂](ClO₄)₂ (1) and [Cu(L²)(ClO₄)] (2), of the highly unsymmetrical tetradentate (N₃O) Schiff base ligands HL¹ and HL² (where HL¹ = N-(2-hydroxyacetophenone)-bis-3-aminopropylamine and HL² = N-(salicyldehydine)-bis-3-aminopropylamine) have been synthesised using a template method. Their single crystal X-ray structures show that in complex 1 two independent copper(II) centers are doubly bridged through phenoxo-O atoms (O1A and O1B) of the two ligands and each copper atom is five-coordinated with a distorted square pyramidal geometry. The asymmetric unit of complex 2 consists of two crystallographically independent N-(salicylidene)-bis(aminopropyl)amine-copper(II) molecules, A and B, with similar square pyramidal geometries. Cryomagnetic susceptibility measurements (5–300 K) on complex 1 reveal a distinct antiferromagnetic interaction with J = ?23.6 cm^?1, which is substantiated by a DFT calculation (J = ?27.6 cm^?1) using the B3LYP functional. Complex 1, immobilized over highly ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica, shows moderate catalytic activity for the epoxidation of cyclohexene and styrene in the presence of TBHP as an oxidant.     

Synchronous ATR infrared and NIR-spectroscopy investigation of sepiolite upon drying

A new environmental cell allowing for the independent synchronous collection of the near- and mid-infrared spectra (12,000–600 cm⁻¹) in the diffuse reflection and attenuated total reflection (ATR) modes, respectively, is reported. The cell is employed to study in real time the dehydration of the phyllosilicate mineral sepiolite, Mg₈Si₁₂O₃₀(OH)₄(OH₂)₄·wH₂O, in both its natural form and after in situ deuteration at ambient. The spectra are obtained under dynamic purging with dry N₂ and compared to those of the same material conditioned over saturated salt solutions. Sepiolite is an important industrial mineral with a modulated structure of alternating tunnels and ribbons. Its mild drying is associated with pronounced vibrational spectral changes due to the removal of surface and zeolitic H₂O and the concomitant structural relaxation of the ribbons. Detailed assignments are provided for the fundamental, combination and overtone spectrum of H₂O confined in the tunnels of sepiolite, SiOH groups on the external surface of the particles, and Mg₃OH groups in the 2:1 ribbons. The spectra are discussed in comparison to those of palygorskite (modulated phyllosilicate with narrower ribbons and tunnels), talc (trioctahedral magnesian phyllosilicate without modulation) and high-surface area silica. It is demonstrated that sepiolite exhibits three discrete states of zeolitic hydration at ambient temperature: Besides the previously known hydrated (w = 7–8) and dry (w = 0–1) states which dominate the spectra above 30% and below 3% relative humidity, respectively, a hitherto unknown intermediate (w = 4–5) is found in the 3–10% range. The new state is most conveniently identified in the near-infrared by a ν₀₂ Mg₃O-H stretching mode at 7205 cm⁻¹ (ν₀₁ = 3686 cm⁻¹, X = 83.5 cm⁻¹) and a characteristic H₂O combination band at 5271 cm⁻¹ (D₂O: 3908 cm⁻¹).     

Enantioselective self-assembly,crystallographic structure and magnetic properties of the two enantiomers of the optically active canted antiferromagnet [Ru(bpy)3][Mn2(ox)3]

The two enantiomers of [Ru(bpy)₃][Mn₂(ox)₃] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, ox = oxalate), namely [(Δ)-Ru(bpy)₃][(Δ)-Mn₂(ox)₃], (Δ-1) and [(Λ)-Ru(bpy)₃][(Λ)-Mn₂(ox)₃], (Λ-1), were obtained as single crystals using [(Δ)-Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ and [(Λ)-Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺, respectively, as a chiral templating cation. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds crystallise in the enantiomeric chiral cubic space groups, P4₃32 (Δ-1) and P4₁32 (Λ-1), with a = 15.492(2) and 15.507(2) Å, respectively (Z = 4). Both structures include a three-dimensional 10-gon 3-connected (10,3) anionic network wrapped around the [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ cations. In both crystalline enantiomers, the resolved ruthenium template cation imposes both the topology and the absolute configuration of all the metal centres. The thermal variation of the magnetic susceptibility, measured on Δ-1 and Λ-1 crystals, reveals an antiferromagnetic coupling between the oxalate-bridged manganese ions in the paramagnetic region characterised by a negative Weiss constant Θ = −35 K. Below T_N = 13 K, Δ-1 and Λ-1 exhibit a canted antiferromagnetic order.     

Apparent molar heat capacities and apparent molar volumes ofY2(SO4)3(aq),La2(SO4)3(aq),Pr2(SO4)3(aq),Nd2(SO4)3(aq),Eu2(SO4)3(aq),Dy2(SO4)3(aq),Ho2(SO4)3(aq), andLu2(SO4)3(aq)atT = 298.15 K andp = 0.1 MPa

The apparent molar heat capacities C_{p, φ} ^∘ and apparent molar volumes V_φ ^∘ of Y₂(SO₄)₃(aq), La₂(SO₄)₃(aq), Pr₂(SO₄)₃(aq), Nd₂(SO₄)₃(aq), Eu₂(SO₄)₃(aq), Dy₂(SO₄)₃(aq), Ho₂(SO₄)₃(aq), and Lu₂(SO₄)₃(aq) were measured at T =  298.15 K and p =  0.1 MPa with a Sodev (Picker) flow microcalorimeter and a Sodev vibrating-tube densimeter, respectively. These measurements extend from lower molalities of m =  (0.005 to 0.018) mol ·kg ^− 1to m =  (0.025 to 0.434) mol ·kg ^− 1, where the upper molality limits are slightly below those of the saturated solutions. There are no previously published apparent molar heat capacities for these systems, and only limited apparent molar volume information. Considerable amounts of the R SO₄ ⁺ (aq) and R(SO₄)₂ ⁻ (aq) complexes are present, where R denotes a rare-earth, which complicates the interpretation of these thermodynamic quantities. Values of the ionic molar heat capacities and ionic molar volumes of these complexes at infinite dilution are derived from the experimental information, but the calculations are necessarily quite approximate because of the need to estimate ionic activity coefficients and other thermodynamic quantities. Nevertheless, the derived standard ionic molar properties for the various R SO₄ ⁺ (aq) and R(SO₄)₂ ⁻ (aq) complexes are probably realistic approximations to the actual values. Comparisons indicate that V_φ ^∘ {RSO₄ ⁺ , aq, 298.15K}  =  − (6  ±  4)cm³· mol ^− 1and V_φ ^∘ {R(SO₄)₂ ⁻ , aq, 298.15K}  =  (35  ±  3)cm³· mol ^− 1, with no significant variation with rare-earth. In contrast, values of C_{p, φ} ^∘ { RSO₄ ⁺ , aq, 298.15K } generally increase with the atomic number of the rare-earth, whereas C_{p, φ} ^∘ { R(SO₄)₂ ⁻ , aq, 298.15K } shows a less regular trend, although its values are always positive and tend to be larger for the heavier than for the light rare earths.     

Uranium(VI) bis(imido) disulfonamide and dihalide complexes: Synthesis density functional theory analysis

Novel cis- and trans-bis(imido) uranium disulfonamide derivatives have been prepared from iodide metathesis reactions between two equivalents of K[N(Me)(SO₂Ar’)] (Ar’ = 4-Me-C₆H₄) and U(N^tBu)₂(I)₂(L)_x (L = OPPh₃, x = 2; Me₂bpy, x = 1; Me₂bpy = 4,4’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridyl). These bis(amide) derivatives serve as useful precursors for the synthesis of the trans-diphenolate complex U(N^tBu)₂(O-2-^tBuC₆H₄)₂(OPPh₃)₂ (5), cis- and trans-dithiolate complexes U(N^tBu)₂(SPh)₂(L)_x (L = OPPh₃ (6); Me₂bpy (7)), and cis- and trans-dihalide complexes with the general formulas U(N^tBu)₂(X)₂(L)_x (X = Cl, L = OPPh₃ (8), L = Me₂bpy (10); X = Br, L = OPPh₃ (9), L = Me₂bpy (11)). DFT calculations performed on the trans-dihalide series U(N^tBu)₂(X)₂(L)₂ and the UO₂²⁺ analogues UO₂X₂(OPPh₃)₂ suggest that the uranium centers in the [U(N^tBu)₂]²⁺ ions possess more covalent character than analogous UO₂²⁺ derivatives but that the U-X bonds in the U(N^tBu)₂X₂L₂ complexes possess a more ionic nature.     

Structures and spin states of mono- and dinuclear iron(II) complexes of imidazole-4-carbaldehyde azine and its derivatives

Mononuclear [Fe(H₂L^R)₂]X₂ (R = H, 2-Me, 5-Me, 2-Et-5-Me; X = ClO₄, BF₄) and dinuclear [Fe₂(H₂L^R)₃]X₄ complexes containing imidazole-4-carbaldehyde azine (H₂L^H) and its derivatives prepared by condensation of 4-formylimidazole, 2-methyl- or 5-methyl-4-formylimidazole, or 2-ethyl-4-methyl-5-formylimidazole, with hydrazine in a 2:1 mole ratio in methanol, were prepared and their magnetostructural relationships were studied. In the mononuclear complexes, H₂L^R acts as an unsymmetrical tridentate ligand with two imidazole nitrogen atoms and one azine nitrogen atom, while in the dinuclear complexes, H₂L^R acts as a dinucleating ligand employing four nitrogen atoms to form a triple helicate structure. At room temperature, [Fe₂(H₂L^H)₃](ClO₄)₄ and [Fe₂(H₂L^2-Me)₃](ClO₄)₄ were in the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states, respectively. The results are in accordance with the ligand field strength of H₂L^2-Me with electron-donating methyl groups being stronger than H₂L^H, with the order of the ligand field strengths being H₂L^2-Me > H₂L^H. However, in the mononuclear [Fe(H₂L^H)₂](ClO₄)₂ and [Fe(H₂L^2-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂ complexes, a different order of ligand field strengths, H₂L^H > H₂L^2-Me, was observed because [Fe(H₂L^H)₂](ClO₄)₂ was in the LS state while [Fe(H₂L^2-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂ was in the HS state at room temperature. X-ray structural studies revealed that the interligand steric repulsion between a methyl group of an H₂L^2-Me ligand and the other ligand in [Fe(H₂L^2-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂ is responsible for the observed change in the spin state. The same is true for [Fe(H₂L^2-Et-5-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂, while [Fe(H₂L^5-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂ does not involve such a steric congestion and stays in the LS state over the temperature range 5–300 K. Two kinds of crystals (polymorphs) were isolated for [Fe₂(H₂L^H)₃](BF₄)₄ and [Fe₂(H₂L^2-Et-5-Me)₃](ClO₄)₄, and they exhibited different magnetic behaviors.     

Limiting partial molar volumes of tetra-n-alkylammonium perchlorates inN,N- dimethylacetamide,triethylphosphate and dimethyl sulfoxide atT = 298.15 K

The densities of tetraalkylammonium perchlorates R₄NClO₄(R  =  methyl, or ethyl, or propyl, or butyl) and ammonium perchlorate solutions in N, N - dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and triethylphosphate have been measured over the whole composition range atT =  298.15 K. From these densities, apparent and limiting partial molar volumes of the electrolytes and ions have been evaluated and used to obtain the partial molar volume for theClO₄ ⁻  anion.