金银花不同部位中绿原酸和木犀草苷含量的测定

利用HPLC法测定金银花不同部位中绿原酸和木犀草苷。采用ODS-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(0.03 mol/L磷酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速:1.0 mL/min,检测波长:350 nm,柱温:室温。绿原酸浓度在0~0.4 mg/mL内与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r2=0.999 6),回收率为101.9%~105.2%,相对标准偏差为3.18%(n=6)。木犀草苷浓度在0~0.1 mg/mL内与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r2=0.999 1),平均回收率为100.5%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为3.42%(n=6)。结果表明:金银花、芽等部位绿原酸和木犀草苷的含量较高。     

不同品种巴旦杏仁中微量元素及总黄酮含量的比较研究

用火焰原子吸收光度法测定了6个品种巴旦杏仁中的K,Na,ca,Fe,cu,Zn,Mn,Mg等8种元素含量,并用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了总黄酮含量。结果表明,巴旦杏仁含有丰富的人体必需的微量元素,其中纸皮巴旦杏仁中K,Ca,Mn,Zn的含量普遍高于其它品种。微量元素测定方法的回收率在96．9％～101．7％之间,RSD值在0．74％～1．85％之间。总黄酮含量在不同品种之间呈现出较大差异,其中晚丰巴旦杏仁中总黄酮量高达1．75％,明显高于其它品种。为新疆巴旦杏资源的进一步研究和综合开发利用提供了新的科学依据。     

不同品种道地中药中元素含量的比较研究

比较了不同品种中药间的元素含量差异，结果表明：中药野生品与引种品的元素谱不同，不同种属中药的元素谱不同，同种属不同品种中药的元素谱也不同。     

烟草中不同部位尼古丁含量的测定与比较

利用示波极谱法直接测定了贵州、云南、河南和四川四个烟草盛产地所产烟草的烟叶和烟茎中不同部位的尼古丁含量,并对测定结果进行了比较。结果显示:各地烟草上部烟叶尼古丁含量最高,中部次之,下部尼古丁含量最低;尼古丁在茎部的分布以中部最高,下部次之,上部最少。烟叶中的尼古丁含量又远高于其相应的茎。     

金银花绿原酸提取方法研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定金银花中绿原酸的含量,通过热回流法优化金银花绿原酸提取条件并进行正交试验分析. 试验结果表明,金银花中绿原酸最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数80%、提取温度100 ℃、料液比1∶20 （g/mL）、提取时间2 h时,绿原酸提取率为7.1%. 方法分析准确、操作简便、设备要求低,可用作金银花的质量控制和开发利用.     

金银花中绿原酸的微波预处理提取及检测

采用微波预处理法对金银花中绿原酸的提取进行优化,用三波长法测定了绿原酸的含量.设计正交试验,以绿原酸的含量为指标,考察乙醇用量、乙醇浓度和微波处理时间对金银花中绿原酸提取工艺的影响.三波长法检测波长为λ1=280 nm,λ2=325 nm,λ3=380 nm,其回归方程为ΔA=0.0426C 0.0017,相关系数为R=0.998.结果表明在气化剂用量20 mL,乙醇浓度为70(,微波辐射70 s时绿原酸得率最高.与常用的提取和测定方法相比,此方法对设备要求不高,具有更高的准确性与精密度.     

连翘不同部位总酚含量测定及抗氧化活性比较研究

以山西产连翘为实验原料,采用单因素试验考察法优化了超声辅助提取连翘中总酚的最佳条件,即70%甲醇超声提取2次,10 min/次,料液比1∶20,此方法提取方便快捷,效率较高,为连翘总酚提取工艺提供一定参考价值。另外,在此条件下采用Folin-Ciocalteu法分别测定了老翘、青翘、连翘叶及连翘花中总酚含量,结果显示连翘叶中含量最高,花及果实次之;采用1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH·)清除法综合考察其抗氧化活性,结果与总酚含量顺序一致,二者之间呈明显正相关性,对于连翘资源的综合开发利用以及连翘中天然抗氧化剂的研究提供了重要的科学依据和指导作用。     

金银花中绿原酸的酶法提取工艺优化

采用酶法优化提取金银花中的绿原酸,考察纤维素酶酶的用量、酶解时间、酶解温度及回流提取温度对绿原酸含量的影响;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定绿原酸含量。用纤维素酶法提取金银花可提高绿原酸得率。酶法提取最佳条件为:加入纤维素酶3.0%,在46℃下酶解4 h,再在56℃下浸提1 h;其绿原酸含量为3.57%。     

凤仙花植株不同部位微量元素含量的比较分析

The samples of pueraria lobata ohwi were digested by HNO3 + HClO4 .contents of the next trace elements Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Ca,Mg,Co,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and Al in the bloom,base,stem,and leaf of Impatiens balsamina have been determined by Flame Atomic Absorption method.The result show that the recovery is about 97.5%-103.2%,and the RSD<2.7%,with good accuracy and precision.The order of the content of the trace elements of high to low is as follows:leaf>stem>bloom>base.The importance of essential trace elements Zn,Fe,Mn,Cu for human each has a higher content.In addition,toxic trace elements such as lead,arsenic and cadmium are also found.     

全蝎不同部位的宏量和微量元素含量比较

为探讨雌雄全蝎及不同药用部位的宏量和微量元素含量差异及与药效和毒性的相关性,采用发射光谱法测定雌雄全蝎及不同药用部位中宏量元素 Ca、Mg及微量元素 Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、 Pb七种元素的含量.结果表明,雌雄蝎尾宏量元素 Ca、Mg和微量元素 Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb均明显低于全蝎和全蝎头部及腹部,其微量元素谱为 Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn＞Pb;雄性全蝎 Zn含量明显低于雌性全蝎,而其含水量和有毒微量元素 Pb却明显高于雌性全蝎,雄性全蝎各药用部位宏量和微量元素亦明显低于雌性全蝎;全蝎宏量元素 Ca比文献高6～8倍,而 Mg含量与文献一致.可认为雌性全蝎及其药用部位药材质量和微量元素含量均明显优于雄性全蝎;蝎尾的镇痛和毒性作用与宏量和微量元素含量无关.     

金银花的毛细管电泳指纹图谱研究

采用毛细管区带电泳法,以50 mmol/L硼砂(含20 mmol/L β-环糊精(CD),用磷酸调pH 8.0)为背景电解质,运行电压12 kV,紫外检测波长254 nm,重力进样15 s（高度8.5 cm）,建立了金银花药材水提取液的毛细管电泳指纹图谱(CEFP)。将13个不同产地的金银花药材供试液的CEFP进行比较,以电泳峰出现率100%计,确定金银花的共有指纹峰为18个。该CEFP具有较好的精密度和重现性,分离效能高且成本低廉。提出了指纹图谱宏观含量相似度R、投影含量相似度C和定量相似度P的概念,可从总体上评价药材化学组分的整体含量情况。从两个方面评价各产地药材与对照CEFP间的总体相似性,合格药材应具备以下两个条件：(1)代表化学成分分布相似性的定性相似度(S)≥0.90;(2)描述药材整体化学成分含量的定量相似度(R,C,P,Q)应在80%～120%。以此二类相似度指标控制金银花的质量,建立了指纹图谱评价的又一新方法。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定沙棘叶中绿原酸和芦丁

建立了同时测定沙棘叶中绿原酸和芦丁含量的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法。采用Kromasil C18色谱柱(150×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为体积比20∶80的乙腈-1%乙酸水溶液,检测波长358nm。结果表明:绿原酸、芦丁的浓度分别在0.0284～0.1704mg.mL-1(r=0.9995)和0.0566～0.3396mg.mL-1(r=0.9992)范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系;平均加标回收率分别为100.5%(n=5)和98.5%(n=5)。该方法快速、准确,重现性好,可用于同时测定沙棘叶中绿原酸和芦丁含量。     

Simultaneous determination of iridoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and saponins in Flos Lonicerae and Flos Lonicerae Japonicae by HPLC-DAD-ELSD coupled with principal component analysis

A method, HPLC coupled with diode-array and evaporative light scattering detectors (HPLC-DAD-ELSD), was newly developed to evaluate the quality of Flos Lonicerae (FL) and Flos Lonicerae Japonicae (FLJ), through a simultaneous determination of multiple types of bioactive components. By employing DAD, the detection wavelengths were set at 240 nm for the determination of iridoids, 330 nm for phenolic acids, and 360 nm for flavonoids, respectively. While ELSD, connected in series after DAD, was applied to the determination of saponins. This assay was fully validated with respect to precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) was used for the similarity evaluation of different samples, and it was proven straightforward and reliable to differentiate FL and FLJ samples from different origins. For PCA, two principal components have been extracted. Principal component 1 (PC1) influences the separation between different sample sets, capturing 54.598% variance, while principal component 2 (PC2) affects differentiation within sample sets, capturing 12.579% variance. In conclusion, simultaneous quantification of bioactive components by HPLC-DAD-ELSD coupled with PCA would be a well-acceptable strategy to differentiate the sources and to comprehensively control the quality of the medicinal plants FL and FLJ.     

基于自组织特征映射神经网络的金银花分类研究

自组织特征映射神经网络(SOM)以无监督方式进行网络训练,具有自组织功能。网络通过自身训练,自动对输入模式进行分类。中药药用价值与其所含微量元素有直接的关系,药材分类是中药质量控制的重要方法。将金银花中微量元素含量作为网络输入,利用自组织特征映射神经网络对不同产地金银花进行分类。结果表明分类效果较好,符合生产实际。     

镧对金银花中重金属及药效成分含量的影响

以金银花为试材,研究了叶面喷施稀土镧对金银花中重金属及药效成分含量的影响。结果显示以过氧化物酶活性和叶绿素含量为指标,确定以30 mg·L-1的甘氨酸镧水溶液叶面喷施效果较好。30 mg·L-1的甘氨酸镧水溶液处理的金银花中,Cd,Cu和As含量与对照相比明显下降,同时药效成分绿原酸和木犀草苷的含量分别增加了9.14%和43.86%。与药典标准相比,重金属含量和药效成分含量都明显优于2010版药典标准。结果表明:适宜浓度稀土镧对金银花吸收重金属元素有抑制作用,并且能促进其药效成分的合成,进而提高金银花的品质。     

不同品种的黄芪微量元素比较

采用原子吸收光谱测定了商品黄芪、梭果黄芪、金翼黄芪及云南栽培黄芪中Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｏ、Ａｌ等元素,不同品种的黄芪中微量元素含量均有差异。     

RP-HPLC法测定烟草中绿原酸含量的研究

采用超声波提取、反相高效液相色谱测定烟叶中绿原酸,用内标法进行定量,并对超声波提取烟叶中绿原酸的提取条件进行了优化,结果表明:用60%的乙醇溶液,在50 ℃、pH 4条件下,超声提取 45 min效果最佳.该法具有良好的线性(相关系数为0.999 9),检测限为 1.4×10-2 mg/10 mL (S/N=3) 加标回收率为 101.5%,方法RSD为1.58%.方法快速、简单、准确.     

Rapid quantitative analysis of adulterant Lonicera species in preparations of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos

Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is often adulterated with Lonicerae Flos, which is derived from the other four Lonicera species, in both the crude drug and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations. We proposed a methodology for the quantitative analysis of adulterant Lonicerae Flos in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations. Taking macranthoidins A, B, dipsacoside B (saponins), sweroside (iridoids), and luteolin‐7‐O‐d ‐glucoside (flavonoids) as markers, a method of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was employed to determine their amounts in Lonicerae Flos, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations. The proportion of adulterant Lonicerae Flos in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations was estimated based on the saponin contents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. All analytes separated under isocratic elution in 12 min with acceptable linearity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was easily distinguished from Lonicerae Flos by the total amount of saponins (0.067 and > 45.8 mg/g for Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos, respectively). Eighteen of twenty one Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparation samples were adulterated with Lonicerae Flos in proportions of 11.3–100%. The developed ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method could be used for the identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the four species of Lonicerae Flos and for the analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations adulterated with Lonicerae Flos.