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1.
Three nickel complexes with a new multi-sulfur 1,2-dithiolene ligand, (n-Bu4N)[Ni(cddt)2] 1, (Ph4P)[Ni(cddt)2] 2 and [Ni(cddt)2] 3 (cddt=4a, 6, 7, 7a-5H-cyclopenta[b]-1,4-dithiin-2,3-dithiolate), have been synthesized and characterized by electrochemical measurements, IR, EPR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopies. The crystal structure of complex 2 is determined. Their optical nonlinearities are measured by the Z-scan technique with an 8 ns pulsed laser at 532 nm and all exhibit NLO absorptive abilities. Complexes 1 and 2 both exhibit effective self-defocusing performance (n2=−5.81×10−10 esu for 1 and −4.51×10−10 esu for 2). The optical limiting (OL) effects were observed with nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses. The OL capability of complex 3 is superior to C60 at the same experimental condition in ns measurements.  相似文献   

2.
The isostructural polymeric compounds Co(thiazole)2X2 (X=Cl (1), Br(2)) have been synthesised by the addition of thiazole to an ethanolic solution of the corresponding anhydrous cobalt halide. Powder X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements were used for structural determination. The structures were determined using powder neutron diffraction data and Rietveld techniques: (1) C2/c, a=17.806(2) Å, b=3.6806(6) Å, c=14.807(3) Å, β=94.78(1)°, V=967.1(3) Å3, Z=4; (2) C2/c, a=18.079(3) Å, b=3.8138(8) Å, c=15.022(4) Å, β=92.71(1)°, V=1034.6(4) Å3, Z=4. Each linear polymer chain is composed of pseudo-octahedral, high-spin Co2+ centres, doubly linked by halide bridges. Magnetisation measurements of 1 and 2 at 5 K between 0 and 10 kG reveals a metamagnetic transition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states. Low temperature susceptibility data have been fitted to a one-dimensional Ising model with a mean field correction and were found to be anisotropic with ferromagnetic intrachain interactions along the b-axis and weaker antiferromagnetic interchain interactions.  相似文献   

3.
Si(1 1 0) surfaces covered with small amounts of In deposit and then annealed at high temperature were investigated by RHEED, and two kinds of superstructures with A = 3a and B = −a + 4b, and A = 3a − 2b and B = −2a + 4b as primitive translational vectors are reported to form on the surfaces.  相似文献   

4.
The reaction of metal ions, flexible aliphatic dicarboxylates and pyrazine in aqueous solution afford two new metal-organic coordination polymers, {[Cu2(μ2-η2-O2C(CH2)2CO2-η2-μ2)2(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (1) and [Eu2(μ2-η2-O2CCH2CO2-η1-μ1)2(μ2-η2-O2CCH2CO2-η2-μ2)(H2O)6]n (2). Polymer 1 contains the paddle-wheel cage dicopper(II) units, forming a one-dimensional (1D) double-stranded chain structure along the a-axis, in which the copper(II) atoms are bridged by the carboxylate groups of four succinates. The intradimer Cu-Cu distance is 2.613(2) Å; the interdimer Cu?Cu distance is 6.473 Å. To our knowledge, compound 1 represents the first example of a double-stranded chain structure containing dinuclear paddle-wheel type cage. In the three-dimensional (3D) compound 2, each central Eu(III) ion have a distorted monocapped square antiprism coordination geometry. The structure is built up from two types of polymeric chains with [EuO6(H2O)3]n units as tethers, resulting in microporous framework. The magnetic behavior of 1 shows that the occurrence of a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the copper(II) ions through the short bridges via the carboxyl groups can be obtained; the best fittings to the experimental magnetic susceptibilities gave −2J=314 cm−1.  相似文献   

5.
Photomagnetism is one of the most attractive topics in recent research on molecular solids. In order to produce a photo-controllable magnet, we have synthesized a novel organic-inorganic hybrid system coupled with a photochromic diarylethene anion, 2,2′-dimethyl-3,3′-(perfluorocyclopentene-1,2-diyl)bis(benzo[b]thiophene-6-sulfonate) (1a) and cobalt LDHs (layered double hydroxides). Based on the elemental analysis, the title compound, which was synthesized by the anion exchange reaction between Co2(OH)3(CH3COO)·H2O (2) and 1a, has the chemical composition, Co4(OH)7(1a)0.5·3H2O (3). Powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the interlayer distance of c=27.8 Å. The magnetic susceptibility measurements elucidated the ferromagnetic intra- and inter-layer interactions and the Curie temperature of Tc=9 K. By UV irradiation of 313 nm, 3 shows the photo-isomerization of diarylethene anion from the open form to the closed one in solid state, which leads to the decreases in the coercive field and the remnant magnetization. Furthermore, the photo-excited state is returned to the initial state (open form) almost reversibly by visible irradiation of 550 nm.  相似文献   

6.
Four molecular solids consisting of the 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) radical and benzylpyridinium or benzylquinolinium derivatives with molar ratios of 1:1 (1-3) and 2:1 (4) have been prepared and characterized. In the crystals of 1 and 3, TCNQ monoanions and the corresponding cations form segregated stacks, which are regular in 1 but irregular in 3. Instead of segregated stacks, TCNQ monoanions in 2 form isolated π-dimers. In the crystals of 4, two crystallographic independent TCNQ species possess almost equal fractional negative charge (ca. −0.5). Two types of TCNQ species form a tetrad, these tetrads make a TCNQ stack with the pattern …BAAB…BAAB… along the crystallographic a-b direction. The magnetisms for 1-4 can be simply explained by the formation of singlet spin state. A broken symmetry approach in a density functional theory framework at the ub3lyp/6-31 g level was used to calculate the magnetic exchange constants in 1-4. The results qualitatively demonstrate the observed magnetic properties.  相似文献   

7.
We report an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study at 33.9 GHz and room temperature of oriented single crystal samples of bis(l-asparaginato)Zn(II) doped with Cu(II). The variation of the spectra with magnetic field orientation was measured in three crystal planes (a*b, bc and a*c, with a*=b×c). These spectra display two groups of four peaks arising from the hyperfine interaction with the ICu=3/2 nuclear spins of copper. They were assigned to Cu(II) ions in two lattice sites related by a 180° rotation around the b-crystal axis. The g and hyperfine coupling (A) tensors of the Cu(II) ions were evaluated from the single crystal data. Some indeterminacy in the assignment of the signals was avoided measuring the EPR spectrum of a powder sample. Their principal values are g1=2.060(1), g2=2.068(2), g3=2.283(2), and A1≈0.1×10−4, A2=13×10−4 and A3=165×10−4 cm−1. The eigenvectors corresponding to g3 and A3 are coincident within the experimental error; the other eigenvectors are rotated 5.6° in the perpendicular plane. Considering the crystal structure of bis(l-asparaginato)Zn(II), our EPR results indicate that the Cu(II) impurities replace Zn(II) ions in the host crystal. We propose a molecular model based on the EPR data and the structural information, and analyse the results comparing the measured values with those obtained in similar systems.  相似文献   

8.
We present a neutron powder diffraction investigation of the magnetic structure of La3NiGe2-type Tb3NiGe2 and Mn5Si3-type Tb5NixGe3−x (x=0, 0.3) compounds. It is found that below∼135 K Tb3NiGe2 exhibits a commensurate b-collinear ferrimagnetic ordering with C2h′={1, mz, 1′×2z, 1′×1?} magnetic point group. The Mn5Si3-type Tb5Ge3 and Tb5Ni0.3Ge2.7 compounds are found to present a flat spiral type antiferromagnetic ordering at 85 and ≥89 K, respectively. The Ni for Ge substitution is found to decrease the flat spiral ordered magnetic unit cell from a×a×40c of Tb5Ge3 (below 40 K) down to a×a×5c for Tb5Ni0.3Ge2.7 (below ∼10 K).  相似文献   

9.
Monodeuterated diacetylene (HCCCCD) and its 13C-substituted species H13CCCCD, HC13CCCD, HCC13CCD, and HCCC13CD were investigated by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The D nuclear quadrupole splittings were almost completely resolved. For H13CCCCD hyperfine splittings caused by the anisotropic nuclear spin-spin interaction between the H and 13C nuclei were also observed. The analysis yielded rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, and the constants for the nuclear quadrupole coupling and anisotropic nuclear spin-spin interaction. The substitution structure of HCCCCD was calculated as follows: rs(C-H) = 1.056054(39) Å, rs(CC) = 1.208631(4) Å, rs(C-C) = 1.374117(6) Å, rs(CC) = 1.208116(4) Å, and rs(C-D) = 1.056231(17) Å, in the order of the arrangement of the bonds. A rough estimate of the equilibrium structure is also presented. The eQq constant for the deuterium nucleus is 0.2061(4) MHz. The anisotropic 13C-H spin-spin interaction constant was experimentally determined for the first time as b = −29.2(15) kHz, which is defined as the coefficient of (3I2zI3z − I2 · I3), where I2 and I3 denote the H and 13C nuclear spins, respectively, and I2z and I3z their components along the molecular axis. The observed b constant is not accounted for by the direct magnetic dipole-dipole interaction only, suggesting a significant contribution from indirect anisotropic interaction.  相似文献   

10.
The nonlinear optical absorptions of two 5,5′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,2′-bithiophene derivatives, Ph2(X)P(C4H2S)2P(X)Ph2 (X = O, 1; S, 2), have been investigated by direct transmission measurement with both picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses from 420 nm to 480 nm. Saturated dichloromethane solutions of 1 and 2 exhibit strong nonlinear optical absorptions in this violet-blue spectral region with that of 2 being stronger at all wavelengths. In the picosecond regime, at 420 nm, the transmittance rapidly falls to 50% when the incident fluence is 0.22 J/cm2 for 1 and 0.11 J/cm2 for 2. Two-photon absorption appears to be the primary mechanism for this nonlinear absorption. The two-photon absorption coefficients β for 1 (2.1 cm/GW) and 2 (4.4 cm/GM) were obtained by fitting the measurement of transmittance as the function of incident beam intensity at 420 nm. These β values are comparable with some of the best results obtained for organic materials in the green, red and infrared spectral region. Both compounds also show fluorescence with an emission peak at 390 nm for 1 and 400 nm for 2. The fluorescence of 1 is considerably stronger than is that of 2. The combination of the wide band gap and strong fluorescence emission of 1 makes it a promising candidate as a host material for blue organic light emitting diodes.  相似文献   

11.
Effect of 3.4 wt.% C and 5 wt.% SiC doping into the standard in situ (IN) process and mechanically alloyed (MA) MgB2 was studied. Powders of IN and MA process were carried out in air and in argon filled glove box, respectively. Wire samples were prepared by two-axial rolling deformation of IN and MA powders inside the Ti tube. Titanium as sheath material allows to use higher sintering temperatures, we used 700 °C and 800 °C for 30 min in Argon. Critical current densities (Jc) were measured at variable temperatures 4.2 K, 10 K, 15 K and 20 K in the external magnetic fields ranging to 15 T. Critical temperatures, upper critical fields and irreversibility fields of IN and MA with SiC and C additions are compared and discussed. The highest transport properties were observed for wires with MA SiC doped MgB2 in the whole scale of temperatures 4.2–20 K. Upper critical field was rapidly enhanced in the case of carbon doped MA samples at 4.2 K. MA samples have shown decreased Jc values for higher temperatures (15 K, 20 K), in some case even worse than for the not doped reference IN sample. Carbon substitution and grain connectivity of analyzed samples are compared and discussed. Presented results show that for 20 K applications some new ways (additions) have to be found for increasing the Jc substantially.  相似文献   

12.
The low-temperature magnetic ordering of the dimorphic DySi compound has been studied at 1.5 K by neutron diffraction on two polycrystalline samples. The samples comprise various amounts of the two orthorhombic modifications: CrB-type (Cmcm Nr. 63, all atoms at 4c site: (0, y, )) and FeB-type (Pnma Nr. 62, all atoms at 4c site: (x, , z)), both order antiferromagnetically (TN≈38 K). The CrB-type phase orders with a uniaxial structure with the wave vector q1=(0, 0, ) requiring a doubling of the c-axis. The Dy moments point along the linear chain with the shortest distance c. At 1.5 K, the ordered moment value is 8.57(1) μB/Dy atom.Two symmetry independent wave vectors describe the 1.5 K magnetic ordering of the FeB-type phase: q2=(0, , ) and q3=(0, 0.484(1), 0.0892(1)), coexisting in form of domains. In both structures the magnetic moments are confined to the (0 0 1) plane at an angle of 2(2)° and 22(3)° from the shortest axis b, respectively. Both structures correspond to sine wave modulations. The amplitude of the q2 wave is mo=7.5(1) μB/Dy atom and that of q3 8.2(1) μB/Dy atom. The wave vector q2 when referring to the (a, 2b, c) cell and the wave vector q=(0, 0, ) corresponds to a transversal modulation, which by a proper origin choice can be also described as an antiphase domain structure with two amplitudes. The moments point to the b-axis and are stacked in the sequence (+mo/2, −mo/2, −mo, −mo/2, +mo/2, +mo, …) along the c-direction, while tb acts as an antitranslation. For the q3 phase, the local moment value depends on the atom position in the wave. We also discuss the case where q3 and q2 act simultaneously in physical space.  相似文献   

13.
Electromagnetic waves carry the Abraham momentum, whose density is given by pEM = S(r,t) / c2. Here S(r,t) = E(r,t) × H(r,t) is the Poynting vector at point r in space and instant t in time, E and H are the local electromagnetic fields, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The above statement is true irrespective of whether the waves reside in vacuum or within a ponderable medium, which medium may or may not be homogeneous, isotropic, transparent, linear, magnetic, etc. When a light pulse enters an absorbing medium, the force experienced by the medium is only partly due to the absorbed Abraham momentum. This absorbed momentum, of course, is manifested as Lorentz force (while the pulse is being extinguished within the absorber), but not all the Lorentz force experienced by the medium is attributable to the absorbed Abraham momentum. We consider an absorptive/reflective medium having the complex refractive index n2 + iκ2, submerged in a transparent dielectric of refractive index n1, through which light must travel to reach the absorber/reflector. Depending on the impedance-mismatch between the two media, which mismatch is dependent on n1, n2, κ2, either more or less light will be coupled into the absorber/reflector. The dependence of this impedance-mismatch on n1 is entirely responsible for the appearance of the Minkowski momentum in certain radiation pressure experiments that involve submerged objects.  相似文献   

14.
Tetranuclear europium(III) complexes, [Eu4(μ-O)(L1)10] (L1=2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone,1) and [Eu4(μ-O)(L2)10] (L2=2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxybenzophenone,2) were synthesized by the reaction of lanthanide nitrates with L1 or L2 in the presence of triethylamine in methanol. The photosensitized emission bands of the both Eu(III) complexes in THF-d8 were observed around 579, 590, 615, 653, and 699 nm by the excitation of the ligands at 380 nm, whereas the emission from the mononuclear complex 3 containing ethanol molecules was almost quenched. The emission efficiencies were determined to be 3.1±0.1% for 1 and 3.9±0.1% for 2, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements demonstrated that the decomposition points of 1 and 2 were 309 °C and 320 °C, respectively, indicating high thermostability of these complexes compared to the mononuclear Eu(III) complex 3 (250 °C). New strategy for designing stable rare earth compounds giving strong emission would be emphasized by introducing polynuclear complexes. Polynuclear complexes should open a wide range of molecular design for photosensitized luminescence and thermal stability.  相似文献   

15.
We have investigated the magnetic behavior of Ho5Sb3 compound (Mn5Si3-type, hexagonal; a=0.8865(1) nm, c=0.6232(1) nm, as derived from X-ray Guinier powder pattern) by using the techniques of magnetization, electrical resistivity, heat capacity and neutron diffraction. We find that Ho5Sb3 exhibits a ferrimagnetic type (Ferrimagnet I) ordering below 60 K with propagation vectors K0=[0, 0, 1] and K1=[±Kx, 0, 0]. Below 40 K, the thermal variation of magnetic reflections and the appearance of an additional magnetic component with propagation vector K2=[0, 1/2, 0] show the onset of an antiferromagnetic type of ordering in the magnetic structure; which evolves into yet another ferrimagnetic structure (Ferrimagnet II) as the temperature is lowered down to 2 K. The magnetic moments of the Ho atoms at the (4d) and (6g) sites with magnitudes of nearly 7.4 and 6.3 μB at 2 K, respectively, are inclined approximately at 70° to the c-axis.  相似文献   

16.
Starting with the most general form of Maxwell's macroscopic equations in which the free charge and free current densities, ρfree and Jfree, as well as the densities of polarization and magnetization, P and M, are arbitrary functions of space and time, we compare and contrast two versions of the Poynting vector, namely, S = μo− 1E × B and S = E × H. Here E is the electric field, H is the magnetic field, B is the magnetic induction, and μo is the permeability of free space. We argue that the identification of one or the other of these Poynting vectors with the rate of flow of electromagnetic energy is intimately tied to the nature of magnetic dipoles and the way in which these dipoles exchange energy with the electromagnetic field. In addition, the manifest nature of both electric and magnetic dipoles in their interactions with the electromagnetic field has consequences for the Lorentz law of force. If the conventional identification of magnetic dipoles with Amperian current loops is extended beyond Maxwell's macroscopic equations to the domain where energy, force, torque, momentum, and angular momentum are active participants, it will be shown that “hidden energy” and “hidden momentum” become inescapable consequences of such identification with Amperian current loops. Hidden energy and hidden momentum can be avoided, however, if we adopt S = E × H as the true Poynting vector, and also accept a generalized version of the Lorentz force law. We conclude that the identification of magnetic dipoles with Amperian current loops, while certainly acceptable within the confines of Maxwell's macroscopic equations, is inadequate and leads to complications when considering energy, force, torque, momentum, and angular momentum in electromagnetic systems that involve the interaction of fields and matter.  相似文献   

17.
To study the influence of glare on the visual performance of a subject wearing an ophthalmic lens, it is useful to know how the lens affects the illuminance reaching the eye. In this paper, considering spherical standard ophthalmic lenses and defining the relative illuminance, Er, as the quotient between the illuminance at the cornea with and without lens, a methodology to evaluate Er in terms of easily determined parameters is developed. Three effects are considered, pupil size variation of the system with and without lens; lateral shifts of rays transmitted through the lens and reflections at the lens. Calculations are experimentally verified employing 5 organic ophthalmic lenses of ±6; ±4 and 0.12 dioptres and 2 glass plane parallel plates 1.95 and 6.6 mm thick. Using a photometer whose sensor is 12 mm apart from the lens and 740 mm apart from a glare source subtending an eccentricity angle of 9.6°, it results Er=1.204 for the 6 dioptres lens and Er=0.803 for the −6 dioptres one if sensor diameter is 10 mm while, for a 719 mm distance and a 10° angle, Er=0.922 for the thin plate and a 30 mm sensor and Er=1.006 for the thick plate and a 10 mm sensor. Experimental and theoretical results differ in less than 3%.  相似文献   

18.
Schiff bases N,N′-o-phenylenebis (salicylideneimine) (H2L1), N,N′-p-phenylenebis (salicylideneimine) (H2L2) and their corresponding boron complexes (BF2)2L1, (BF2)2L2 were synthesized, respectively. The two boron complexes have been characterized by 1H NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis, while the luminescent properties of them were investigated with UV-VIS spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Then the three-layer devices [ITO/NPB (60 nm)/(BF2)2L1 (50 nm)/Alq3 (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (200 nm)] (device I) and [ITO/NPB (60 nm)/(BF2)2L2 (50 nm)/Alq3 (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (200 nm)] (device II) were fabricated by vacuum deposition. These two devices both exhibited blue green emission at 500 nm, but showed different luminances and efficiencies.  相似文献   

19.
Nanoparticles of a two-dimensional coordination polymer, {[Pb(L)(μ1,1-NCS)(H2O)]}n (1), (L = 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate), have been synthesized by a sonochemical process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The thermal stability of compound 1 both its bulk and nano-size has been studied by thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal (DTA) analyses and compared each other. Concentration of initial reagents effects and the role of power ultrasound irradiation on size and morphology of nano-structured compound 1, have been studied. Calcination of the single crystals and nano-sized compound 1 at 400 °C under air atmosphere yields mixture of PbS and Pb2(SO4)O nanoparticles. Results show that the size and morphology of the PbS and Pb2(SO4)O nanoparticles are dependent upon the particles size of compound 1. A decrease in the particles size of compound 1 leads to a decrease in the particles size of the PbS and Pb2(SO4)O.  相似文献   

20.
A new molecular complex of C60 with tetrabenzo(1,2-bis[4H-thiopyran-4-ylidene]ethene), Bz4BTPE C60 (1) has been obtained. The complex has a layered structure in which closely packed hexagonal layers of C60 alternate with the layers composed of Bz4BTPE molecules. The complex has a neutral ground state according to UV-vis-NIR spectrum. It has been found that single crystals of 1 show low ‘dark’ conductivity of σ∼10−10 (Ω cm)−1. A 102 increase in photocurrent has been observed upon illuminating the crystal with white light. Photoconductivity of 1 is sensitive to magnetic field with B0<1 T and increases up to 5% in magnetic field. The photoconductivity spectra of the complex indicate that free charge carriers are generated in the UV-visible range mainly by the Bz4BTPE excitation (the peaks at 622, 562, 472 and 348 nm) with a possible contribution of charge transfer excitations between neighboring C60 molecules (the peak at 472 nm).  相似文献   

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