芭蕉芋渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附及机理研究

以芭蕉芋渣作为吸附材料,探讨了pH值、温度、亚甲基蓝(MB)初始质量浓度、吸附时间等因素对其吸附MB的影响,利用FT-IR、SEM等技术,结合吸附等温线和动力学模型分析研究了其吸附机理。结果表明,芭蕉芋渣能与阳离子染料亚甲基蓝上的正电荷基团之间形成静电引力,从而产生较好的吸附作用,亚甲基蓝的起始浓度在100～5 000 mg/L,吸附量达到185.0 mg/g。随吸附时间的增加,芭蕉芋渣对亚甲基蓝的去除率增大,180 min后达到平衡;随着温度的升高,吸附量也增大。芭蕉芋渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用更符合Redlich-Peterson等温模型;该吸附动力学过程可以用准二级模型进行很好的描述,拟合所得的初始吸附速率随着温度的增加而提高。     

表面增强拉曼光谱研究吸附态的变化

测量了吡啶分子在电化学处理的银表面和亚甲基蓝分子在硝酸刻蚀银表面的表面增强拉曼光谱（ＳＥＲＳ）．对ＳＥＲＳ谱线的分析结果表明，吡啶分子在较低的表面吸附分子密度时倾向于平躺方式；而在较高的表面分子密度时，则倾向于向垂直吸附态转化．亚甲基蓝分子在较低浓度时主要是平躺吸附，随Ｃｌ－浓度的增加，亚甲基蓝从“平躺”吸附态转向“站立”吸附态．     

花生壳纤维素的制备及其对水中亚甲基蓝吸附的研究

本文以废花生壳为原料制备了花生壳纤维素并将其用于去除水中亚甲基蓝染料。系统考察了溶液的p H值,亚甲基蓝的初始浓度,吸附时间,吸附温度以及溶液离子强度对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响。结果表明:pH=9时,花生壳纤维素对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果最佳,饱和吸附容量q_m为156.2 mg·g~(-1);吸附热力学研究表明,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。吸附过程焓变ΔH为-44.74 k J·mol~(-1),ΔS为-137.9 J·mol~(-1)·K~(-1),ΔG0,表明花生壳纤维素对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程是自发的放热过程;吸附过程可在20 min内达到平衡,符合准二级动力学模型;其吸附过程的活化能Ea=82.6 k J·mol~(-1)。吸附容量随着溶液离子强度的增大而减小,说明其吸附是以静电作用为主的吸附过程。10次循环使用后花生壳纤维素对亚甲基蓝的吸附效率仍能保持88%以上,表明该材料可以多次循环使用。     

二氧化硅/氧化锌复合体系的制备及其去除亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B研究

利用溶剂热法,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,硝酸锌为锌源一次性合成了二氧化硅/氧化锌(SiO₂/ZnO)复合材料,利用傅里叶红外光谱和X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征分析,研究了该复合材料对亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的吸附性能。结果表明,SiO₂/ZnO可快速去除水中的亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B,并在20 min内达到吸附平衡,SiO₂/ZnO对亚甲基蓝的吸附速率和吸附量均高于罗丹明B。吸附动力学研究表明,SiO₂/ZnO对亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学方程。等温吸附数据分析表明,Langmuir比Freundlich模型能更好地拟合亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的吸附过程,由Langmuir计算得到亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的单层饱和吸附量分别为235.3 mg/g和100.1 mg/g。此外,SiO₂/ZnO具有良好的重复使用性能,经过5次吸附-脱附循环后,其对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力仍保持在80%以上。     

活化赤泥对染料废水吸附性能研究

以赤泥为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为活化剂,制备出活化赤泥吸附剂,并对亚甲基蓝(MB)染料废水吸附性能进行研究。结果表明,活化赤泥对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果有一定提高。振荡时间15min,活化赤泥6g·L~(-1),中性条件下,对40mg·L~(-1)亚甲基蓝吸附率可达90%。吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等式,最大吸附量为16.37mg·g~(-1)。活化赤泥吸附亚甲基蓝为放热反应,低温利于亚甲基蓝吸附。     

超细粉煤灰吸附亚甲基蓝的机理研究

以西安西郊热电厂粉煤灰(XFA),西安灞桥热电厂粉煤灰(BFA)和陕西渭河电厂粉煤灰(WFA)为原料,球磨后经旋风分级再用布袋收集逸出物分别得到超细粉煤灰XUFA、BUFA和WUFA。研究了超细粉煤灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学、热力学以及pH值对吸附的影响。结果表明,超细粉煤灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能明显好于原粉煤灰。超细粉煤灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能按顺序为WUFA>XUFA>BUFA。粉煤灰颗粒粒度、比表面积和活性组分(SiO2 Al2O3)含量是影响粉煤灰吸附性能的主要因素。WUFA对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,而XUFA和BUFA对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式。超细粉煤灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附均符合二级吸附动力学模型,吸附过程由颗粒内扩散过程控制。当溶液pH由2增加到8时,超细粉煤灰吸附量增加,后随pH值增加,吸附量略有下降。     

ZnO/C纳米球的亚甲基蓝单吸附特性:平衡、动力学及机理（英文）

采用电弧放电法制备了Zn O/C纳米球,利用FESEM、XRD和N2吸附/脱附测试进行了表征。在避光条件下研究了复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。研究结果表明,随着亚甲基蓝的浓度及接触时间的增长吸附量明显上升,在吸附时间为150 min时达到吸附平衡。采用Langmuir、Freundlich及Temkin等温吸附模式对吸附平衡进行了研究。结果表明,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模式,单层吸附饱和容量可达188.68 mg·g-1。利用动力学模型、内扩散模型和外扩散速率控制模型拟合实验数据,拟合数据表明其动力学符合伪二级动力学模型;内扩散机理不是吸附速率的唯一限制机理,亚甲基蓝的总吸附速率受膜扩散控制。     

反胶束笼对纳米氯化银反应性能的微环境限定

研究了反胶束中直径为10～17nm的AgCl微粒与亚甲基蓝之间的作用，比较了阴离子型和非离子型表面活性剂组成的反胶束微环境的影响，讨论了亚甲基蓝在粒子上的吸附，二聚体形成和纳米AgCl粒子对亚甲基蓝荧光猝灭机制．     

多硅酸改性石墨烯及其吸附性能的研究

通过多硅酸改性石墨烯合成惰性物质改性的石墨烯基吸附剂,研究了改性石墨烯的官能团与成分。进行氮气吸附脱附测试,结果表明改性石墨烯的孔径增加。改性石墨烯的吸附性能用亚甲基蓝、甲基橙和腐植酸进行测试,吸附性能提高。改性石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的吸附量达到202.4 mg·g-1,高于石墨烯的吸附量115.9mg·g-1。     

改性累托石吸附水溶液中苯酚的研究Ⅰ吸附条件的确定

用十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(1631)、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵(1831)3种表面活性荆改性天然累托石(REC)粘土，分别得到3种有机改性累托石：1227-REC、1631-REC和1831-REC．用有机改性累托石作吸附剂，对水溶液中的苯酚进行吸附研究，考察了pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、温度等因素对吸附效果的影响．结果发现，在本文研究条件下，3种吸附剂对苯酚达到较理想吸附效果的合理条件是：pH值分别为6、8、8；吸附平衡时间分别需要90、20、40min；吸附剂用量均为20g/L；常温．在确定的合理条件下，去除率分别能达到66．2％、99．0％、99．8％。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.