Petroleum

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Petroleum und Petroleumkohlenwasserstoffe

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Nachweis von Petroleum

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Schwefelbestimmung im Petroleum

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Zur Ermittelung von Petroleum

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离子交换色谱测定原油中的单双石油磺酸盐

建立了一种新的离子交换高效液相色谱在线测定原油中单双石油磺酸盐的方法,通过使用六通阀切换,在一根强阴离子交换柱上完成在线纯化和分离。原油样品经过二氯甲烷-甲醇(体积比60∶40)溶剂稀释后进入HPLC测定。原油中单石油磺酸盐的检出限为10.0μg/g,双石油磺酸盐的检出限为12.5μg/g。2-萘磺酸钠和萘-1,5-二磺酸钠分别在4.8~120.0 mg/L和4.0~100.1 mg/L范围内有良好的线性。该方法准确、重复性好,可以满足原油中石油磺酸盐的分离测定。     

Electron-Beam Processing of Petroleum Sludge

Thermal radiolysis under the conditions of electron-beam distillation at a dose to 240 kGy converts petroleum sludge into C₄–C₃₁ hydrocarbons with a yield to 80 wt %. The condensate distilled off contains about 20 wt % alkenes, thereby indicating the chain regeneration and thermal fragmentation of bulky alkyl radicals. The yield of the condensate increases to 90 wt % in the case of mixing the initial petroleum sludge with lignin. In this case, the yield of alkenes is lower due to the binding of unsaturated compounds by the components of charcoal and tar and because of a change in the mechanism of alkane fragmentation in the presence of lignin.     

石油亚砜馏分的色谱法分离

用经典硅胶柱色谱法将石油亚砜ＰＳＯ分离为４个馏分,对其中的第３个馏分进行了高效制备液相色谱的分离制备。通过大量的试验,建立了较好的色谱条件：以甲醇、水混合液为流动相,以Ｃ_（１８）反相柱为固定相,把ＰＳＯ３分离成７个不同的馏分。对其中的两个馏分ＰＳＯ３_ｃ和ＰＳＯ３_ｅ作进一步的色谱分离和纯化后,获得较纯的亚砜馏分,用作结构分析和性能研究。     

Bestimmung von Schwefel in Petroleum

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Bestimmung von Metallspuren in Petroleum

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Thixotropy in Native Petroleum Emulsions

Native water in crude oil emulsions, stabilized by indigenous surfactants, exhibit both positive thixotropy (PT) and negative thixotropy (NT) in Couette flow. PT is associated with microscopic processes, local break-up of droplet clusters in emulsions with low and moderate volume fractions of water φ, or fracturing of emulsion-gels with φ > 0.7. The latter process involves the coalescence of water droplets along a fracture plain, which results in vorticity banding of emulsion flow. NT reflects evolution of the macroscopic radial banding in flow of emulsions with 0.18 < φ < 0.58 and is dictated by the displacement of the interface between the sheared and unsheared regions.     

Bei Bestimmung des Entflammungspunktes von Petroleum

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Zur Bestimmung- von Benzinen und Petroleum

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Applications of Surfactants in Petroleum Industry

Surfactants find applications in different operations of petroleum production. They have become important in drilling, cement slurries, fracturing, acidization, demulsification, corrosion inhibition, transportation, cleaning, waterflooding, chemical, foam and steam flooding and- environment protection. They are essential to the improvement of production economics and total recovery of petroleum. This review describes those points of applications, logic behind their use and more common formulations.