新课程对高一学生化学学习兴趣影响的调查

如何激发学生的学习兴趣是永恒的教学话题,新课程更加重视对学生学习兴趣的培养.在高中化学新课程标准和访谈的基础上,结合教育心理学和前人的研究设计了一份兴趣量表,对实验区和非实验区学生的化学学习兴趣进行了对比调查.调查显示新课程对学生的学习兴趣产生了积极的影响,但也存在一些问题.     

新课程背景下对高中学生化学学习兴趣的调查

学生的学习兴趣是激发学习动机的重要因素,新课程十分重视对学生学习兴趣的培养。对不同程度的学生在学习新课程时的学习兴趣研究,有助于从学生角度出发反思课程改革和课堂教学。用兴趣量表对浙江省的重点中学和非重点中学学生的化学学习兴趣进行对比调查,结果显示2所学校的学生对化学新课程的学习兴趣有异同。     

新课程背景下初中生化学学习兴趣调查研究

兴趣是学生学习活动中最活跃的因素,是影响学生学习效果和身心发展的重要因素,也是心理学研究的问题之一。在参阅国内有关兴趣研究的基础上,结合教育学及心理学相关理论和初中化学学科特点,编制了《初中生化学学习兴趣调查问卷》,对河北省内的901名学生进行了调查。研究表明,新课程背景下,河北省内绝大多数初中生对化学学习是感兴趣的,而学生所处地域、学习成绩、家长文化程度的不同都使学生的化学学习兴趣有一些差异,而性别不同学生的学习兴趣没有差异。     

新课程标准实施后化学学习兴趣的评价和培养

利用兴趣积分调查量表对222名初三学生进行调查,评价基于新课程标准的教学实施前后初三学生化学学习兴趣水平的差异,半定量地评价化学课程标准实施以来初三学生化学学习兴趣水平,并探讨培养化学学习兴趣、提高化学学习兴趣水平的方法和途径。     

影响高中生选择化学课程模块的因素研究

高中课程结构的多样性和选择性是新一轮高中新课程改革的一大特色。根据对高中学生选择化学课程模块的意向和影响因素的调查结果分析,发现学生的学习兴趣、高考的需要以及未来发展的需要是影响学生选择化学课程模块的主要因素。     

新课程下让英语融入高中化学课堂

新课程下,教师应将英语融入化学课堂,与校本课程、化学选修课有机结合,提高学生学习兴趣,使学生的化学专业英语水平有所提高,能更好地进行国际交流,并为将来的学习和工作打好基础,使学生和老师都更好地适应时代的发展。     

中美初中化学教材实验和探究栏目编写的比较研究

初中阶段是学生学习化学的启蒙阶段,能否编制适合学生认知水平和兴趣的化学入门教材,对今后学生学习化学起着至关重要的作用。通过分析比较中美2套初中化学教材中实验和探究活动的编写特点,为我国初中化学新课程标准的实施和新教材的进一步修订和编写提供参考。     

在化学新课程中培养学生元认知能力的教学策略研究

元认知理论的提出从更深层次上理解了人类学习的过程。在新课程背景下,结合元认知理论对漳州市高一学生在化学新课程学习中的元认知情况进行问卷调查,针对调查情况,研究提出了在化学新课程中培养学生元认知能力的教学策略。     

实施初中化学新课程实验及活动情况的调查报告

义务教育阶段的化学新课程是以提高学生的科学素养为主旨,激发学生学习化学的兴趣,帮助学生了解科学探究的基本过程和方法,培养学生的科学探究能力,使学生获得进一步学习和发展所需的化学基础知识和基本技能;通过化学学习培养学生的合作精神和社会责任感,     

我国2001-2013年中学化学实验学习研究热点的知识谱图

为比较准确地了解国内中学化学实验学习研究的热点和重点,为今后中学化学实验学习研究提供有力的数据与支撑,利用bicomb1.0软件与IBM SPSS20.0软件,对从中国知网中查询到的2001-2013年的518篇关于实验与化学学习的相关文献进行了知识谱图的绘制.研究结果表明,我国中学化学实验学习的研究主要涉及4大领域,分别是:高中新课程,化学实验对于化学知识的学习、素质教育,创新、观察等能力的培养等相关领域研究热点;中学化学实验对于激发学生兴趣、培养学生动手能力和课外活动作为化学教学的一种方法途径的研究热点;课堂教学中,实验教学与多媒教学等教学模式的改革、创新提升教学质量的研究热点;采用化学实验微型化、绿色化等策略来强化对学生的能力的培养.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。