TiO_2纳米管负载Pd-Ag催化1,2-二氯乙烷的选择性加氢脱氯

以二氧化钛纳米管为载体,分别采用光沉积法和浸渍法制备负载Pd和Ag的双金属催化剂,并考察它们对1,2-二氯乙烷选择性加氢脱氯的行为。催化剂的UV-Vis,XRD,XPS等表征结果显示,在Ag负载量相近的情况下,光沉积法制备的催化剂较浸渍法制备的催化剂具备更显著的Ag富集现象。催化剂对1,2-二氯乙烷活性评价的结果表明,在Ag负载量相近时,光沉积法制备的催化剂对乙烯具有更高的选择性,且随着Ag负载量的提高,催化剂对乙烯选择性也逐渐增强。     

TiO2纳米管负载Pd-Ag催化1,2-二氯乙烷的选择性加氢脱氯

以二氧化钛纳米管为载体,分别采用光沉积法和浸渍法制备负载Pd和Ag的双金属催化剂,并考察它们对1,2-二氯乙烷选择性加氢脱氯的行为。催化剂的UV-Vis,XRD,XPS等表征结果显示,在Ag负载量相近的情况下,光沉积法制备的催化剂较浸渍法制备的催化剂具备更显著的Ag富集现象。催化剂对1,2-二氯乙烷活性评价的结果表明,在Ag负载量相近时,光沉积法制备的催化剂对乙烯具有更高的选择性,且随着Ag负载量的提高,催化剂对乙烯选择性也逐渐增强。     

天然气和氧经偶联制环氧乙烷催化剂的稳定性

研究了天然气和氧经偶联反应制环氧乙烷的Ａｇ－Ｂａ－Ｃｓ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂（ＮＥＯ－１）的稳定性。在氧化偶联的产物气中加入５－８％的氧和１－４×１０６－６体积分数的１，１－二氯乙烷作了乙烯环氧化原料气，反应温度２４０℃，进气空速２０００ｈ＾－１的条件下，稳定运转了５００ｈ，环氧乙烷（ＥＯ）选择性收率分别稳定地保持在８０－８３％和２１－２５％之间，并对反应前后催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，比表面和孔分布     

密度泛函理论计算研究表面应力对钯催化乙炔选择性加氢活性与选择性的影响（英文）

在石油催化裂解过程中,除了生成乙烯、丙烯及丁烯等烯烃,还会产生部分炔烃.目前工业上通常采用炔烃选择性加氢转化为对应的单烯烃,以除去其中炔烃.由于产品烯烃中的炔烃等杂质含量需极低,这就对用于加氢催化剂的活性和选择性提出了很高的要求,即催化剂需要选择性吸附炔烃并加氢,而不损失其中的烯烃.经过前期大量的基础研究工作,目前工业中炔烃选择性加氢应用最广泛的催化剂是负载型钯基催化剂.然而,单独的钯金属选择性并不理想,因而对其选择性以及活性进行调控成为了当前关注的研究课题.本文采用密度泛函理论计算结合微观反应动力学模拟手段,研究了钯金属表面应力存在条件下的活性与选择性,以及形成次表层物种的可能性和形成后的活性与选择性.研究发现,改变钯金属的晶格参数与表面应力,反应物、表面反应中间体和产物的吸附能都会产生相应的变化,且吸附能与晶格参数的变化存在线性关系,晶格参数越大,吸附越强.利用表面反应过渡态能量与初始态能量之间的线性关系,相应的乙炔加氢生成乙烯的反应速率可以通过微观反应动力学模拟得到.结果显示,不同晶格参数的钯催化剂催化乙炔加氢生成乙烯的反应活性位于相应火山型曲线的强吸附侧,即减弱乙炔和氢的吸附强度可提高乙烯的生成速率.在此基础上,本文研究了不同表面应力的钯催化剂在次表面吸附不同覆盖度碳原子和氢原子的情况,发现晶格参数越大越有利于碳原子和氢原子在次表面的吸附.同时,研究发现在次表面碳掺杂的条件下,不同表面应力条件下的钯催化剂的活性均有所增强.此外,由于乙烯在所有研究的钯催化剂表面脱附比进一步加氢容易,因而乙烯都可以选择性生成.     

γ-Mo_2N催化剂上的乙炔选择加氢

采用固定床连续流动反应器对γ Mo2 N催化剂上的乙炔加氢反应进行了研究 .在 15 0℃的反应温度下 ,乙炔的转化率为 95 % ,乙烯的选择性达到 80 % ,乙烷和丁烯的选择性分别为 4%和 10 % .反应温度和空速的变化对反应产物的选择性没有明显的影响 .在同样的反应条件下 ,钯催化剂上乙炔加氢反应的主要产物是乙烷 ,产物组成随反应温度和空速的变化而变化 .对γ Mo2 N上的乙炔选择加氢生成乙烯的机制进行了解释 ,认为γ Mo2 N表面上滞留的强吸附的碳氢物种可能有利于乙炔高选择性地生成乙烯 .     

SDP配体在铑催化的Pauson-Khand反应中的应用

研究了SDP作为双膦配体与金属铑形成的手性催化剂在不对称Pauson-Khand反应中的催化活性和对映选择性, 并考察了影响反应活性和对映选择性的各种因素. 结果表明, SDP配体对铑催化的Pauson-Khand反应是一种有效的手性配体, 它与铑生成的手性催化剂能在1大气压的一氧化碳气氛中, 将一系列1,6-烯炔化合物转化为相应的双环戊烯酮, 反应的对映选择性较高. 在SDP配体中苯环上引入取代基导致反应的对映选择性降低, 但是当取代基为甲氧基时, 催化剂的活性得到明显提高. 溶剂实验表明1,2-二氯乙烷是理想的反应溶剂. 催化剂的阴离子对催化剂活性和对映选择性也有十分重要的影响, 采用六氟锑酸根时, 反应的对映选择性最高.     

氯修饰的Ag(111)单晶上环氧乙烷的低温吸附与分解

本文用高分辨电子能量损失谱(HREELS)研究了低温下氯修饰的Ag(111)单晶上环氧乙烷(EtO)的吸附与分解。结果表明,140K时EtO以分子吸附形式存在于表面上,加热到230K以上的温度时,EtO在原子氧的作用下分解为少量的乙烯(C_2H_4)并伴有少量的氧化产物如水等的生成;在分子氧的作用下,EtO分解成大量的乙烯并被氧化成较多的水及其它产物。实验证明,氯的存在一方面抑制了EtO的吸附,另一方面又抑制了EtO的深度氧化。     

银丝上环氧乙烷分解反应的研究

环氧乙烷是重要的有机化工原料,其合成方法主要是用银为催化剂,使乙烯直接氧化为环氧乙烷。本文拟从环氧乙烷的分解反应入手,考察一下环氧乙烷在银表面上的动力学行为。环氧乙烷的均相热分解反应早在1929年就有人于400～500℃温度范围内做过研究。之后又有人在同样温度范围内作了丙烯和二甲基汞对环氧乙烷分解产物影响的实验。结果表明丙烯的加入增加了乙醛的产率而减小了乙烯酮的产率,而二甲基汞的加入则产生相反     

邻菲啰啉二氧钼(Ⅵ)配合物合成及催化环氧化性能

通过邻菲啰啉分别与乙酰丙酮钼和二氯氧钼反应,合成了两个邻菲啰啉二氧钼(Ⅵ)配合物,并通过红外光谱、氢核磁共振谱、元素分析和紫外可见光谱方法表征。以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂、叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂探讨了邻菲啰啉钼(Ⅵ)配合物催化环氧化性能,结果表明,邻菲啰啉钼(Ⅵ)配合物具有很好的催化环氧化性能。在优化实验条件下,环氧化产物的选择性大于95%,底物的转化率均大于82%。烯键的催化环氧化活性顺序为:1-甲基环己烯1-己烯环己烯α-甲基苯乙烯4-氯苯乙烯苯乙烯α,β-不饱和羧酸酯。催化剂重复利用5次,催化活性基本保持稳定。     

γ-Mo2N催化剂上的乙炔选择加氢

 采用固定床连续流动反应器对γ－Mo2N催化剂上的乙炔加氢反应进行了研究．在150℃的反应温度下,乙炔的转化率为95％,乙烯的选择性达到80％,乙烷和丁烯的选择性分别为4％和10％．反应温度和空速的变化对反应产物的选择性没有明显的影响．在同样的反应条件下,钯催化剂上乙炔加氢反应的主要产物是乙烷,产物组成随反应温度和空速的变化而变化．对γ－Mo2N上的乙炔选择加氢生成乙烯的机制进行了解释,认为γ－Mo2N表面上滞留的强吸附的碳氢物种可能有利于乙炔高选择性地生成乙烯．     

One-electron-transfer reactions of polychlorinated ethylenes: concerted and stepwise cleavages

Reaction barriers were calculated by using ab initio electronic structure methods for the reductive dechlorination of the polychlorinated ethylenes: C2Cl4, C2HCl3, trans-1,2-C2H2Cl2, cis-1,2-C2H2Cl2, 1,1-C2H2Cl2 and C2H3Cl. Concerted and stepwise cleavages of R-Cl bonds were considered. Stepwise cleavages yielded lower activation barriers than concerted cleavages for the reduction of C2Cl4, C2HCl3, and trans-1,2-C2H2Cl2 for strong reducing agents. However, for typical ranges of reducing strength concerted cleavages were found to be favored. Both gas-phase and aqueous-phase calculations predicted C2Cl4 to have the lowest reaction barrier. Additionally, the reduction of C2HCl3 was predicted to show selectivity toward formation of cis-1,2-C2HCl2* over the formation of trans-1,2-C2HCl2*, and 1,1-C2HCl2* radicals.     

1,2-Dibromoethane on Cu(100): bonding structure and transformation to C2H4

Temperature-programmed reaction/desorption, mass spectrometry, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations have been employed to explore the reaction and bonding structure of 1,2-C(2)H(4)Br(2) on Cu(100). Both the trans and gauche conformers are found to dissociate by breaking the C-Br bonds on clean Cu(100) at 115 K, forming C(2)H(4) and Br atoms. Theoretical investigations for the possible paths of 1,2-C(2)H(4)Br(2) → C(2)H(4) + 2Br on Cu(100) suggest that the barriers of the trans and gauche molecules are in the ranges of 0-4.2 and 0-6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The C-Br scission temperature of C(2)H(4)Br(2) is much lower than that (~170 K) of C(2)H(5)Br on Cu(100). Adsorbed Br atoms can decrease the dissociation rate of the 1,2-C(2)H(4)Br(2) molecules impinging the surface. The 1,2-C(2)H(4)Br(2) molecules adsorbed in the first monolayer are structurally distorted. Both the trans and gauche molecules exist in the second monolayer, but with no preferential adsorption orientation. However, the trans molecule is the predominant species in the third or higher layer formed at 115 K. The layer structure is not thermally stable. Upon heating the surface to 150 K, the orientation of the trans 1,2-C(2)H(4)Br(2) molecules in the layer changes, leading to the rotation of the BrCCBr skeletal plane toward the surface normal on average and the considerable growth of the CH(2) scissoring peak. On oxygen-precovered Cu(100), decomposition of 1,2-C(2)H(4)Br(2) to form C(2)H(4) is hampered and no oxygenated hydrocarbons are formed. The presence of the oxygen atoms also increases the adsorption energy of the second-layer molecules.     

Isomeric effects in the gas-phase reactions of dichloroethene, C2H2CL2, with a series of cations

A study of the reactions of a series of gas-phase cations (NH(4)(+), H(3)O(+), SF(3)(+), CF(3)(+), CF(+), SF(5)(+), SF(2)(+), SF(+), CF(2)(+), SF(4)(+), O(2)(+), Xe(+), N(2)O(+), CO(2)(+), Kr(+), CO(+), N(+), N(2)(+), Ar(+), F(+), and Ne(+)) with the three structural isomers of dichloroethene, i.e., 1,1-C(2)H(2)Cl(2), cis-1,2-C(2)H(2)Cl(2), and trans-1,2-C(2)H(2)Cl(2) is reported. The recombination energy (RE) of these ions spans the range of 4.7-21.6 eV. Reaction rate coefficients and product branching ratios have been measured at 298 K in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT). Collisional rate coefficients are calculated by modified average dipole orientation (MADO) theory and compared with experimental data. Thermochemistry and mass balance have been used to predict the most feasible neutral products. Threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectra have also been obtained for the three isomers of C(2)H(2)Cl(2) with photon energies in the range of 10-23 eV. The fragment ion branching ratios have been compared with those of the flow tube study to determine the importance of long-range charge transfer. A strong influence of the isomeric structure of dichloroethene on the products of ion-molecule reactions has been observed for H(3)O(+), CF(3)(+), and CF(+). For 1,1-C(2)H(2)Cl(2) the reaction with H(3)O(+) proceeds at the collisional rate with the only ionic product being 1,1-C(2)H(2)Cl(2)H(+). However, the same reaction yields two more ionic products in the case of cis-1,2- and trans-1,2-C(2)H(2)Cl(2), but only proceeds with 14% and 18% efficiency, respectively. The CF(3)(+) reaction proceeds with 56-80% efficiency, the only ionic product for 1,1-C(2)H(2)Cl(2) being C(2)H(2)Cl(+) formed via Cl(-) abstraction, whereas the only ionic product for both 1,2-isomers is CHCl(2)(+) corresponding to a breaking of the C=C double bond. Less profound isomeric effects, but still resulting in different products for 1,1- and 1,2-C(2)H(2)Cl(2) isomers, have been found in the reactions of SF(+), CO(2)(+), CO(+), N(2)(+), and Ar(+). Although these five ions have REs above the ionization energy (IE) of any of the C(2)H(2)Cl(2) isomers, and hence the threshold for long-range charge transfer, the results suggest that the formation of a collision complex at short range between these ions and C(2)H(2)Cl(2) is responsible for the observed effects.     

H2S gas interaction with Pt(II)-containing polymetallaynes of selected chain length: an XPS and EXAFS study

The interaction between gaseous H2S and the surface of several metal-containing oligomers, investigated by emission and absorption spectroscopies, is presented and discussed. The polymetallayne trans-{Cl-[Pt(PBu3)2(CC-C6H4-C6H4-CC)]9Pt(PBu3)2Cl} and related model molecules, i.e. the binuclear transition metal dialkynyl bridged Pt(II) square planar complex trans, trans-[ClPt(PBu3)2(CC-C6H4-C6H4-CC)Pt(PBu3)2Cl], the tetranuclear linear oligomer trans-{Cl-[Pt(PBu3)2(CC-C6H4-C6H4-CC)]3Pt(PBu3)2Cl}, the tetranuclear cyclic oligomer cis-[Pt(PBu3)2(CC-C6H4-C6H4-CC)]4, were exposed to hydrogen sulfide and then investigated by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopies, in order to shed light on the gas/polymer interaction associated to the sensing properties of these materials. XPS measurements evidenced the presence of S in the polymetallayne samples exposed to H2S, and the measured S2p binding energy values correlate with H2S adsorbed by means of sulfur atoms chemically bonded to metal atoms, owing to the formation of sulfur-containing adducts. XAS data analysis suggested a square-pyramidal geometry around the transition metal with H2S in the apical position for the pentacoordinated platinum units.     

Mononuclear and dinuclear palladium and nickel complexes of phosphinimine-based tridentate ligands

The tridentate bis-phosphinimine ligands O(1,2-C(6)H(4)N=PPh(3))(2)1, HN(1,2-C(2)H(4)N=PR(3))(2) (R = Ph 2, iPr 3), MeN(1,2-C(2)H(4)N=PPh(3))(2)4 and HN(1,2-C(6)H(4)N=PPh(3))(2)5 were prepared. Employing these ligands, monometallic Pd and Ni complexes O(1,2-C(6)H(4)N=PPh(3))(2)PdCl(2)6, RN(1,2-CH(2)CH(2)N=PPh(3))(2)PdCl][Cl] (R = H 7, Me 8), [HN(1,2-CH(2)CH(2)N=PiPr(3))(2)PdCl][Cl] 9, [MeN(1,2-CH(2)CH(2)N=PPh(3))(2)PdCl][PF(6)] 10, [HN(1,2-CH(2)CH(2)N=PPh(3))(2)NiCl(2)] 11, [HN(1,2-CH(2)CH(2)N=PR(3))(2)NiCl][X] (X = Cl, R = iPr 12, X = PF(6), R = Ph 13, iPr 14), and [HN(1,2-C(6)H(4)N=PPh(3))(2)Ni(MeCN)(2)][BF(4)]Cl 15 were prepared and characterized. While the ether-bis-phosphinimine ligand 1 acts in a bidentate fashion to Pd, the amine-bis-phosphinimine ligands 2-5 act in a tridentate fashion, yielding monometallic complexes of varying geometries. In contrast, initial reaction of the amine-bis-phosphinimine ligands with base followed by treatment with NiCl(2)(DME), afforded the amide-bridged bimetallic complexes N(1,2-CH(2)CH(2)N=PR(3))(2)Ni(2)Cl(3) (R = Ph 16, iPr 17) and N(1,2-C(6)H(4)N=PPh(3))(2)Ni(2)Cl(3)18. The precise nature of a number of these complexes were crystallographically characterized.     

Pentafluorophenyl transfer: a new group-transfer reaction in organoborate salts

[reaction: see text] Irradiation of isoquinolinium hydroxytris(pentafluorophenyl)borate, 1, and phenanthridium hydroxytris(pentafluorophenyl)borate, 2, in either CH2Cl2 or CH3CN resulted in C6F5 transfer to the isoquinolinium and phenanthridium cations, generating 2-methyl-1-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline, 3, and 2-methyl-1-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-1,2-dihydrophenanthridine, 4, respectively. In addition, photogeneration of H2O x B(C6F5)3 resulted from 1. Photogeneration of C6F5-C6F4H from HO-B(C6F5)3(-) and of C6H5-C6F4H from C6H5-B(C6F5)3(-) was discovered.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of mono- and bisfunctional o-carboranes

Functionalized o-carboranes are interesting ligands for transition metals. Reaction of LiC2B10H11 with Me2NCH2CH2Cl in toluene afforded 1-Me2NCH2CH2-1,2-C2B10H11 (1). Treatment of 1 with 1 equiv. of n-BuLi gave [(Me2NCH2CH2)C2B10H10]Li ([1]Li), which was a very useful synthon for the production of bisfunctional o-carboranes. Reaction of [1]Li with RCH2CH2Cl afforded 1-Me2NCH2CH2-2-RCH2CH2-1,2-C2B10H10 (R = Me2N (2), MeO (3)). 1 and 2 were also prepared from the reaction of Li2C2B10H10 with excess Me2NCH2CH2Cl. Treatment of [1]Li with excess MeI or allyl bromide gave the ionic salts, [1-Me3NCH2CH2-2-Me-1,2-C2B10H10][I] (4) and [1-Me2N(CH2=CHCH2)CH2CH2-2-(CH2=CHCH2)-1,2-C2B10H10][Br] (6), respectively. Interaction of [1]Li with 1 equiv. of allyl bromide afforded 1-Me2NCH2CH2-2-(CH2=CHCH2)-1,2-C2B10H10 (5). Treatment of [1]Li with excess dimethylfulvene afforded 1-Me2NCH2CH2-2-C5H5CMe2-1,2-C2B10H10 (7). Interaction of [1]Li with excess ethylene oxide afforded an unexpected product 1-HOCH2CH2-2-(CH2=CH)-1,2-C2B10H10 (8). 1 and 3 were conveniently converted into the corresponding deborated compounds, 7-Me2NHCH2CH2-7,8-C2B9H11 (9) and 7-Me2NHCH2CH2-8-MeOCH2CH2-7,8-C2B9H10 (10), respectively, in MeOH-MeOK solution. All of these compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. The solid-state structures of 4 and 6-10 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analyses.     

Formation and decomposition of C3 metallacycles from ethylene and methylene on MoAl alloy thin films

The reaction between adsorbed ethylene and methylene species has been investigated on a molybdenum-aluminum alloy grown from Mo(CO)(6) on a planar alumina film formed on a Mo(100) single crystal in ultrahigh vacuum. Di-sigma-bonded ethylene reacts with carbene species, formed on the surface from methylene iodide, to form a C(3) metallacycle. This predominantly decomposes to yield propylene, while a smaller portion yields cross-metathesis products since (12)C(13)CH(4) is formed from reaction between (13)C(2)H(4) and (12)CH(2). This work demonstrates for the first time that the reaction proceeds in heterogeneous phase via a C(3) metallacycle as proposed in the Hérisson-Chauvin mechanism.     

A nanoporous Ag-Fe mixed-metal-organic framework exhibiting single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations upon guest exchange

The reaction of solutions of Fe(Pyac)3 [PyacH=3-(4-pyridyl)-2,4-pentanedione] and AgNO3 produces two types of porous mixed-metal-organic frameworks (M'MOFs). With lower AgNO3 concentrations, the product (M'MOF1) has a 2D honeycomb structure with Ag:Fe=1:1 and pores of ca. 12x16 A. When a higher concentration of AgNO3 is employed, however, the product (M'MOF2) has Ag:Fe=3:2 and a porous 1D ladder structure. A variety of nonpolar solvents serve as guests in M'MOF2: with 1,2-C6H4Cl2, [AgNO3]3[Fe(Pyac)3]2(1,2-C6H4Cl2)5.5 (M'MOF2a); with C6H5Br, [AgNO3]3[Fe(Pyac)3]2(C6H5Br)6 (M'MOF2b). M'MOFs 2a and 2b can be interconverted by treatment with the appropriate solvent, in single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations.     

Synthesis, characterization and some properties of mononuclear Ni and trinuclear NiFe2 complexes related to the active site of [NiFe]-hydrogenases

The [N(2)S(2)]-type ligand 1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4) (L) is prepared in 84% yield by a new method and its structure has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The new synthetic method involves sequential reaction of 1,2-phenylenedithiol with EtONa followed by treatment of the resulting disodium salt of 1,2-phenylenedithiol with in situ generated 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine from its HCl salt. Further treatment of ligand L with NiCl(2)·6H(2)O or NiI(2) affords the expected new mononuclear Ni complexes Ni[1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4)]Cl(2) (1) and Ni[1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4)]I(2) (3) in 87-88% yields, whereas reaction of L with NiBr(2) under similar conditions results in formation of the expected new mononuclear complex Ni[1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4)]Br(2) (2) and one unexpected new mononuclear complex Ni[1-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)-2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)SC(6)H(4)S)C(6)H(4)]Br(2) (2*) in 82% and 5% yields, respectively. More interestingly, the ligand L-containing novel trinuclear NiFe(2) complex Ni{[1,2-(2-C(5)H(4)NCH(2)S)(2)C(6)H(4)}Fe(2)(CO)(6)(μ(3)-S)(2) (4) is found to be prepared by sequential reaction of (μ-S(2))Fe(2)(CO)(6) with Et(3)BHLi, followed by treatment of the resulting (μ-LiS)(2)Fe(2)(CO)(6) with mononuclear complex 1, 2, or 3 in 12-20% yields. The new complexes 1-4 and 2* are fully characterized by elemental analysis and various spectroscopies, and the crystal structures of 1, 2* and 3 as well as some electrochemical properties of 1-4 are also reported.