共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Infrared and Raman spectra of NH 4Ce(SO 4) 2·4H 2O, NH 4La(SO 4) 2·4H 2O and the deuterated compounds NH 4Ce(SO 4) 2·4D 2O and NH 4La(SO 4) 2·4D 2O have been analysed. Splittings indicating the presence of two types of SO 4 ions are not observed. The SO bond strengths of the different SO 4 units are not significantly different. The SO 4 ion is distorted in these compounds. Deuteration causes changes in the SO 4 bond strength. Three crystallographically distinct water molecules exist in the unit cell. 相似文献
2.
The thermal decomposition of iron sulphate hexahydrate was studied by thermogravimetry at a heating rate of 5°C min ?1 in static air. The kinetic parameters were evaluated using the integral method by applying the Coats and Redfern approximation. The thermal stabilities of the hydrates were found to vary in the order. Fe 2(SO 4) 3·6H 2O → Fe 2(SO 4) 3·4.5H 2O → Fe 2(SO 4) 3·0.5H 2O The dehydration process of hydrated iron sulphate was found to conform to random nucleation mass loss kinetics, and the activation energies of the respective hydrates were 89.82, 105.04 and 172.62 kJ mol ?1, respectively. The decomposition process of anhydrous iron sulphate occurs in the temperature region between 810 and 960 K with activation energies 526.52 kJ mol ?1 for the D3 model or 256.05 kJ mol ?1 for the R3 model. 相似文献
3.
The thermal decomposition of ammonium trimolybdate (NH 4) 2Mo 3O 10·H 2O, anilinium trimolybdate (C 6NH 8) 2Mo 3O 10·4H 2O and anilinium pentamolybdate (C 6NH 8) 2Mo 5O 16 in air and nitrogen has been investigated. The decomposition of molybdates was studied in situ by powder X-ray diffraction.
Moreover, results of TG, as well as scanning microscopy studies, are presented. It was found that during thermal treatment
in air phases of MoO x type are obtained, while thermal treatment in nitrogen leads to obtaining a mixture of Mo yC z and Mo pN q. It is worth noting that even though chemical decomposition and formation of new compounds took place, in some cases needle-like
or plate-like shapes of crystallites were preserved during thermal treatment. 相似文献
4.
Double complex salts of lanthanum(III) sulphate complex anions with several cobalt(III) ammine complex cations, [Co(NH 3) 6][La(SO 4) 3]·H 2O ( 1), (NH 4) 3[Co(NH 3) 5 H 2O]-[La(SO 4) 3] 2·2H 2O ( 2), and (NH 4) 3[Co(NH 3) 4(H 2O) 2][La(SO 4) 3] 2·2H 2O ( 3), were prepared by the addition of hexaamminecobalt(III), pentaammineaquacobalt(III), and cis- tetra-amminediaquacobalt(III) complexes to the solution containing lanthanum(III) ion and excess ammonium sulphate. The IR spectra of sulphate groups of these double complex salts were much more complicated than those of the almost free sulphate groups such as (NH 4) 2SO 4 and [Co(NH 3) 6] 2(SO 4) 3·5H 2O. Furthermore, values of activation energy in the dehydration process of 1, 2 and 3 were estimated using modified Doyle's and Wiedemann's method. They were 95.6 ± 4.3, 157.1 ± 15.5 and 163.2 ± 20.8 kJ mol ?1, respectively. Here, one molecule water is released per molecule of 1, 2 and 3. 相似文献
5.
The crosslinked structure formed by the metal coordination bonding provides excellent and new properties for rubber materials. Herein, the crosslinking of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) is induced by introducing aluminum ammonium sulfate (NH 4Al(SO 4) 2·12H 2O) particles. The crosslinking behavior, morphology, mechanical properties, and the Akron abrasion resistance of NBR/NH 4Al(SO 4) 2·12H 2O composites were fully explored. The results show that the three‐dimensional crosslinking structure is held together by metal–ligand coordination bonds between the nitrile group and AI(III). The coordination crosslink density exhibits a considerable increase with the addition of NH 4Al(SO 4) 2·12H 2O. Thus, the mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of the obtained composites are better than that of NBR/sulfur system. Interestingly, the elongation at break for NBR/NH 4Al(SO 4) 2·12H 2O composites is over 2000% due to the nature of coordination bonds. The abrasion volume loss decreases to 0.4 cm 3 for NBR/NH 4Al(SO 4) 2·12H 2O composites with 20 phr NH 4Al(SO 4) 2·12H 2O particles as compared to 0.75 cm 3 for NBR/sulfur system. The obtained NBR composites with facile preparation and excellent mechanical properties make the composites based on metal coordination bonding attractive for practical use. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 879–886 相似文献
6.
Amine‐templated zinc sulfates of the formulae, [Zn(SO 4)(H 2O) 2(C 10N 2H 8)] ( I ) and [C 3N 2H 12][Zn(SO 4)] ( II ) both with linear structures have been prepared under hydro/solvothermal conditions. Of these, I has the chain structure formed by ZnO 4N 2octahedra and SO 4 tetrahedra, while II comprises ladders formed by corner‐sharing four‐membered rings. Amine‐templated thorium sulfates of the formula [HN(CH 2) 6NH] 2[Th 2(SO 4) 6(H 2O) 2]·2H 2O, ( III ) and [H 2N(CH 2) 4NH 2][Th 3(SO 4) 7(H 2O) 4]·5H 2O ( IV ) are also obtained under hydrothermal conditions. III has a sheet structure consisting of cages whereas IV has a two‐dimensional structure derived from the connectivity of ladders. 相似文献
7.
The thermal dehydration of the potassium Tutton salts K 2M(SO 4) 2·6H 2O (M = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) was investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR, and variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction. While each Tutton salts lost all six waters of hydration when heated to 500 K, the decomposition pathway depended on the divalent metal cation. K 2Ni(SO 4) 2·6H 2O lost all six waters in a single step, and K 2Cu(SO 4) 2·6H 2O consistently lost water in two steps in capped and uncapped cells. In contrast, multiple decomposition pathways were observed for the magnesium, cobalt, and zinc Tutton salts when capped and uncapped TG cells were used. K 2Zn(SO 4) 2·6H 2O lost the waters of hydration in a single step in an uncapped cell and in two steps in a capped cell. Both K 2Mg(SO 4) 2·6H 2O and K 2Co(SO 4) 2·6H 2O decomposed in a series of steps where the stability of the intermediates depended on the cell configuration. A greater number of phases were often observed in DSC and capped-cells TG experiments. A quasi-equilibrium model is presented that could explain this observation. These results highlight that experimental conditions play a critical role in the observed thermal decomposition pathway of Tutton salts. 相似文献
8.
The preparation and thermal behaviour of Ce 2(SO 3) 3· 3H 2O, Nd 2(SO 3) 3·6H 2O and Nd 2(SO 3) 3 have been studied. Cerium sulphite undergoes first dehydration which is followed by decomposition to CeO 2 in the temperature range 500 – 850 °C. The decomposition involves two intermediate phases both in air and nitrogen. According to the TG curves the phases in air are Ce 2(SO 3) 2SO 4 and Ce 2SO 3(SO 4) 2. In nitrogen, Ce 2O 2SO 4 was identified and this provides a synthetic route to cerium oxysulphate.Neodymium sulphite decomposes to Nd 2O 2SO 4 when heated in air or in nitrogen up to 950°C. The intermediate levels observed do not correspond to single phases, and the reaction mechanism depends strongly on the experimental conditions. 相似文献
9.
The thermal decomposition of FeSO 4·6H 2O
was studied by mass spectroscopy coupled with DTA/TG thermal analysis under
inert atmosphere. On the ground of TG measurements, the mechanism of decomposition
of FeSO 4·6H 2O is:
i) three dehydration steps
FeSO 4·6H 2O FeSO 4·4H 2O+2H 2O
FeSO 4·4H 2O FeSO 4·H 2O+3H 2O
FeSO 4·H 2O FeSO4+H 2O
ii) two decomposition
steps
6FeSO 4 Fe 2(SO 4) 3+2Fe 2O 3+2SO 2
Fe 2(SO 4)3 Fe 2O 3+3SO 2+3/2O 2
The intermediate compound was identified as Fe 2(SO 4) 3 and the final product as the hematite Fe 2O 3. 相似文献
10.
Sodium plutonium double sulphate monohydrate, NaPu(SO 4) 2 · H 2O and its lanthanide isomorphs NaLn(SO 4) 2 · H 2O (Ln ≡ Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb) were synthesized and characterised by chemical and X-ray diffraction methods. All these compounds belonged to the same structural family where the Pu 3+ or Ln 3+ ion is coordinated to nine oxygen atoms. The structure of NaPu(SO 4) 2 · H 2O was found in the present work to be isomorphous with NaCe(SO 4) 2 · H 2O reported in the literature. The unit cells of all the lanthanide compounds showed regular contraction with atomic number. 相似文献
11.
Hydrated methanesulfonates Ln(CH 3SO 3) 3· nH 2O ( Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Yb) and Zn(CH 3SO 3) 2· nH 2O were synthesized. The effect of atmosphere on thermal decomposition products of these methanesulfonates was investigated.
Thermal decomposition products in air atmosphere of these compounds were characterized by infrared spectrometry, the content
of metallic ion in thermal decomposition products were determined by complexometric titration. The results show that the thermal
decomposition atmosphere has evident effect on decomposition products of hydrated La(III), Pr(III) and Nd(III) methanesulfonates,
and no effect on that of hydrated Ce(III), Yb(III) and Zn(II) methanesulfonates.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
The thermal decomposition of [CO(NH 2) 2H]CrF 6·H 2O, (C 3N 6H 8)CrF 5·H 2O and the solid state reaction of CrF 3 and melamine are investigated under non-reciprocal quasi-static conditions and compared with the thermal behaviour of other fluorochromates(III) ([Cr(NH 3) 6]CrF 6, (NH 4) 3CrF and [C(NH 2) 3] 3CrF 6). The comparison of the results shows that the amount of chromium(II) in the final product is determined by the thermal stability and consequently by the decomposition temperature of the intermediates. Neither bonding properties in the starting materials nor the absolute amount of generated NH 3 influence the composition of the final product. 相似文献
13.
Ternary clusters (NH 3)·(H 2SO 4)·(H 2O) n have been widely studied. However, the structures and binding energies of relatively larger cluster ( n > 6) remain unclear, which hinders the study of other interesting properties. Ternary clusters of (NH 3)·(H 2SO 4)·(H 2O) n, n = 0-14, were investigated using MD simulations and quantum chemical calculations. For n = 1, a proton was transferred from H 2SO 4 to NH 3. For n = 10, both protons of H 2SO 4 were transferred to NH 3 and H 2O, respectively. The NH 4+ and HSO 4− formed a contact ion-pair [NH 4+-HSO 4−] for n = 1-6 and a solvent separated ion-pair [NH 4+-H 2O-HSO 4−] for n = 7-9. Therefore, we observed two obvious transitions from neutral to single protonation (from H 2SO 4 to NH 3) to double protonation (from H 2SO 4 to NH 3 and H 2O) with increasing n. In general, the structures with single protonation and solvated ion-pair were higher in entropy than those with double protonation and contact ion-pair of single protonation and were thus preferred at higher temperature. As a result, the inversion between single and double protonated clusters was postponed until n = 12 according to the average binding Gibbs free energy at the normal condition. These results can serve as a good start point for studies of the other properties of these clusters and as a model for the solvation of the [H 2SO 4-NH 3] complex in bulk water. 相似文献
14.
Investigations on the thermal behaviour of [Ni(en) 3]C 2O 4·2H 2O and [Ni(en) 3]SO 4 have been carried out in air and helium atmosphere. Simultaneous TG/DTA coupled online with mass spectroscopy (MS) in helium
atmosphere detected the presence of H 2, O, CO, N 2/CH 2=CH 2 and CO 2 fragments during the decomposition of tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) oxalate and H 2, O, NH, NH 2, NH 3 and N 2/CH 2=CH 2 fragments for tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) sulphate complex. The thermal events during the decomposition were monitored
by temperature-resolved X-ray diffraction. In air, both the complexes give nickel oxide as the final product of the decomposition.
In helium atmosphere, tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) oxalate gives nickel as the residue, whereas tris(ethylenediamine)nickel(II)
sulphate gives a mixture of nickel and nickel sulphide phases as the final residue. Kinetic analyses of these complexes by
isoconversional methods are discussed and compared. 相似文献
15.
Infrared (300 K, 77 K), Raman and diffuse reflectance spectra (300 K, 100 K and 20 K) of the diamagnetics Ag 3 (HN 2SO 2)·NH 3·H 2O, Ag 3(DN 2SO 2)·ND 3·D 2O and Cu 3(HN 2SO 2)·NH 3·H 2O have been recorded. Vibrational assignments are proposed, based on a comparison with the assignments for the parent sulfamide. The possibility of metal-metal interactions in these compounds is discussed. 相似文献
16.
Synthesis of ammonium hydroxodisulfitoferriate(III), (diammonium catena-{bis(μ
2-sulfito-κO,κO)-μ
2-hydroxo-κ2O}ferrate(III) monohydrate) (NH4)2[Fe(OH)(SO3)2]·H2O (compound 1) and its thermal behavior is reported. The compound is stable in air. Its thermal decomposition proceeds without the expected quasi-intramolecular oxidation of sulfite ion with ferric ions. The disproportionation reaction of the ammonium sulfite, formed from the evolved NH3, SO2 and H2O in the main decomposition stage of 1, results in the formation of ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfide. The ammonium sulfide is unstable at the decomposition temperature of 1 (150 °C) and transforms into NH3 and H2S which immediately forms elementary sulfur by reaction with SO2. The formation and decomposition of other intermediate compounds like (NH4)2SnOx (n = 2, x = 3 and n = 3, x = 6) results in the same decomposition products (S, SO2 and NH3). Two basic iron sulfates, formed in different ratios during synthesizing experiments performed under N2 or in the presence of air, have been detected as solid intermediates which contain ammonium ions. The final decomposition product was proved to be α-Fe2O3 (mineral name hematite).
相似文献
17.
A thermal investigation of M(N 2H 5) 2(SO 4) 2, where M = Mn(II) or Co(II), has been carried out. On heating, the complexes become MSO 4 via an intermediate compound, M(N 2H 4) 0·5(HSO 4)(SO 4) 0·5. The intermediate compound has been isolated and characterised by elemental analyses, IR spectra, diffuse reflectance spectra, magnetic and conductance data. The intermediate compound seems to possess pseudo-tetrahedral coordination where one SO 4 group is tetradentate and bonded with four different metal ions which are surrounded by HSO 4 groups and hydrazines bridging two metal ions. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the intermediate derived from the cobalt(II) complex has been obtained and the d-values are reported. Activation energies ( E*) and enthalpy changes (Δ H) for each decomposition step have also been calculated. The probable mechanisms of decompositions are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Saturating solid phases, Ce 2(SO 4) 3·hH 2O, with hydrate numbers h equal to 12, 9, 8, 5, 4 and 2, have been identified by critical evaluation of the solubility data
in the system Ce 2(SO 4) 3—H 2O over the temperature range 273–373 K. The results are compared with the respective TG—DTA—DSC and X-ray data. The solubility
smoothing equations, transition points and solution enthalpy estimators of the identified hydrates are given. The stable equilibrium
solid phases are concluded to be only Ce 2(SO 4) 3·9H 2O at 273–310 K, Ce 2(SO 4) 3·4H 2O at 310–367 K and Ce 2(SO 4) 3·2H 2O at 367–373 K. Divergencies of up to 185% in the reported solubility data are mainly due to a variety of metastable equilibria
involved in the close crystallization fields, and incorrect assignments of the saturating solid phases. Since a similar variety
of the hydrate numbers exists for the analogous La(III) system, it most probably also occurs for the corresponding Pu(III),
Np(III) and U(III) systems.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Trivalent thallium is precipitated in the presence of 0.1 M HNO 3 (or 0.05 M H 2SO 4) and O.1 M NH 4NO 3 (or 0.05 M (NH 4) 2SO 4) with oxalic acid. The chemical analysis of the salt obtained correspondens to the formula, NH 4[Tl(C 2O 4) 2]·3H 2O. The thermal decomposition studies of the complex indicate the formation of the intermediates ammonium thallous oxalate (stable from 150° to 160°C) and thallous oxalate (stable up to 290°C) and the final product to be a mixture of 25% of thallous oxide and 75% of thallic oxide (stable from 450° to 650°C). The infrared absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, microscopic observations and the electrical resistance measurements are used to characterise the complex and the intermediates of its thermal decomposition. 相似文献
20.
To understand the structural and thermal properties of the mixed crystals, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal
analysis (DTA), and FTIR and Raman spectral studies were carried out for the mixed crystals of Zn a/Mg b ammonium sulfate of composition namely 'a' (fraction by mass of salt Zn[NH 4] 2[SO 4] 2·6H 2O to the total salt (both Zn[NH 4] 2[SO 4] 2·6H 2O, Mg[NH 4] 2[SO 4] 2·6H 2O or it can be explained as Zn aMg b[NH 4] 2[SO 4] 2·6H 2O, a + b =1), and a = 0.1, 0.25, 0.333, 0.5, 0.666, 0.75 and 0.9 grown by a solution technique. From the correlation and analysis of the results
obtained for the various crystals, the desolvation, decomposition, crystalline transition phenomena were identified. By close
comparison of the endotherms, obtained for the various crystals, it was found that isomorphous substitution takes place in
the crystals. Up to 0.5, Zn 2+ ion replaces isomorphous Mg 2+ ions in the lattice sites of Mg[NH 4] 2[SO 4] 2·6H 2O and above 0.5, Mg 2+ ions occupies the Zn 2+ ion in the lattice sites of Zn[NH 4] 2[SO 4] 2·6H 2O. Both crystals belong to monoclinic system with P 2(1)/a symmetry. The vibrations of NH 4
+ ion, SO 4
2- ion, the complex [Mg(OH 2) 6] 2+ the complex [Zn(OH 2) 6] 2+ and the three different water molecules are identified. The linear distortion of SO 4
2- ion is found to be greater than its angular distortion, while the NH 4
+ ion has suffered more angular distortion. The possibility of free rotation of the NH 4
+ ion is ruled out. 相似文献
|